Assuntos
Glomerulonefrite Membranoproliferativa/complicações , Doença de Graves/complicações , Rim/patologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/etiologia , Adulto , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Glomerulonefrite Membranoproliferativa/diagnóstico , Doença de Graves/diagnóstico , Humanos , Síndrome Nefrótica/diagnósticoRESUMO
The role of norepinephrine (NE) in the immunopathology of experimental tuberculosis (TB) was studied by measuring pulmonary NE and determining its cellular sources and targets. Functional studies were performed administrating adrenergic and anti-adrenergic drugs at different TB phases. Results showed high production of NE during early infection by adrenergic nerve terminals and lymphocytes located in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, these cells highly expressed ß2 adreno-receptors (ß2AR) which by an autocrine mechanism promote Th-1 cell differentiation favoring protection. During advanced infection, the production of NE and ß2AR sharply decreased, suggesting that adrenergic activity is less important during late TB.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/patologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/terapia , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapêutico , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fumarato de Formoterol/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiologia , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Células-Tronco , Fatores de Tempo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
Recent studies suggest that catecholamines (CAs) and acetylcholine (ACh) play essential roles in the crosstalk between microbes and the immune system. Host cholinergic afferent fibers sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger efferent cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways that alter immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. On the other hand, microbes have the ability to produce and degrade ACh and also regulate autogenous functions in response to CAs. Understanding the role played by these neurotransmitters in host-microbe interactions may provide valuable information for the development of novel therapies.
