Relationship between Parents' Physical Activity Level and the Motor Development Level and BMI of Their Children.

All the variables that arise in family dynamics can have significant effects on the lives of children concerning their nutritional status and motor development. The objective of this study was to relate the PAL of parents to the level of motor development and the BMI of their children. A total of 198 subjects participated, with the age of the students ranging between 8 and 10 years. To measure the BMI, the norms for the nutritional evaluation of children and teenagers from 5 to 19 years were used; to identify the motor behaviors, the TGMD-2 Test was used; and to identify the level of physical activity of parents, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. For the analysis, the independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon) were used, and for the correlational analysis, Spearman's rho test was applied. This study found no significant correlation between the activity level of parents and nutritional status variables (p = 0.162), or between the PAL variables of parents and the motor development of their children (p = 0.738). A parent's level of physical activity does not have a direct relationship with the nutritional status or the motor development of their children.

Tubérculo marginal del hueso cigomático / Marginal tubercle of zygomatic bone

El hueso cigomático, ubicado en la parte superior y lateral de la cara, es un hueso par e irregular con forma cuadrilátera o romboidal. Se describen 2 caras, 4 aristas y 4 ángulos, forma cavidades, permite la inserción muscular y aponeurótica, es parte de la arquitectura facial, distribuye las fuerzas masticatorias y permite el paso del nervio cigomático. Su margen postero-superior presenta una prominencia ósea conocida como tubérculo marginal, en el que se observa la inserción de la fascia temporal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características particulares de esta prominencia. La muestra correspondió a 30 cráneos de adultos chilenos de ambos sexos. A través de una serie de puntos óseos, se describió la presencia, ubicación, tamaño, forma, cortical y trabeculado del tejido óseo del tubérculo marginal. Para realizar las mediciones se utilizaron cámara digital, compas de precisión y cáliper digital. El análisis radiográfico requirió tomografía computarizada de alta resolución. Los resultados mostraron que el tubérculo marginal del hueso cigomático es una prominencia constante, ubicada en el tercio medio del proceso frontal del hueso y que la mayoría de los individuos mostraron una forma semilunar. Su altura fluctúa entre 3 y 4 mm, siendo más pronunciada en hombres que en mujeres. El grosor de la corteza ósea es directamente proporcional a la prominencia del tubérculo, mientras que el trabeculado esponjoso está inversamente relacionado con este último. El análisis de estos resultados parece indicar que las fuerzas biomecánicas ejercidas por la musculatura masticatoria y transmitidas por la fascia temporal, determinan la morfología externa e interna de esta prominencia y del propio hueso cigomático. Concluimos, declarando la necesidad de revisar el conocimiento anatómico a la luz de las nuevas técnicas de imagen e integración disciplinar.

The zygomatic bone, located in the upper and lateral area of the face, is an even and irregular quadrilateral or rhomboid shaped bone. It presents 2 faces, 4 margins and 4 angles. It forms cavities, allows muscular and aponeurotic insertion, is part of the facial architecture, distributes masticatory forces and allows the passage of the zygomatic nerve. Its postero-superior margin presents a bony prominence known as a marginal tubercle, in which the insertion of the temporal fascia is observed. The objective of this work was to describe the particular characteristics of this prominence. The sample corresponded to 30 skulls of Chilean adults of both sexes. Through a series of bone points, the presence, location, size, shape, cortical and trabeculate of the bone tissue of the marginal tubercle was described. A digital camera, precision compass and digital caliper were used to perform the measurements. The radiographic analysis required high-resolution computed tomography. The results showed that the marginal tubercle of the zygomatic bone is a constant prominence, located in the middle third of the frontal process of the bone and that most individuals showed a semilunar shape. Its height fluctuated between 3 and 4 mm, being more pronounced in men than in women. The thickness of the bone cortex was directly proportional to the prominence of the tuber, while the spongy trabeculate was inversely related to the latter. The analysis of these results seems to indicate that the biomechanical forces exerted by the masticatory musculature and transmitted by the temporal fascia, determine the external and internal morphology of this prominence, and of the zygomatic bone itself. In conclusion, it is recommended to review anatomical knowledge in the light of new imaging techniques and disciplinary integration.

Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines.

Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL), considered the last frontier within the Central Visayas region, is an ideal location for flora and fauna research due to its rich biodiversity. This recent study was conducted to determine the plant species composition and diversity and to select priority areas for conservation to update management strategy. A field survey was carried out in fifteen (15) 20 m x 100 m nested plots established randomly in the forest over limestone of RSPL from July to October 2019. Three hundred and sixty eight (368) species of plants were identified up to species level. This represented 327 angiosperms, one gymnosperm and 40 pteridophytes. Common plant families with more than 10 representative species were Moraceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Annonaceae, Araceae and Lauraceae. There were 93 (28%) endemic and 46 (14%) threatened species (vulnerable to critically endangered) observed. The cluster analysis and species accumulation curve suggests that plant species are not homogeneously distributed which implies that different management and conservation strategies should be implemented across RSPL. These results not only indicate the importance of RSPL, but also highlights areas with higher diversity and concentration of threatened and endemic species as a special area of concern. Furthermore, areas with high biodiversity value were recommended for immediate protection, while areas with low biodiversity value were recommended for reforestation programmes using species with high importance value.

Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a very common, yet undiagnosed, breathing disorder that has many more implications besides disrupted sleep. Its role as an independent risk factor for metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance is becoming increasingly recognized. The main treatment for OSAHS is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), however the impact of CPAP on IR and glucose metabolism is still debated. OBJECTIVES: Compile all available evidence regarding the effect of CPAP on IR in non-diabetic OSA patients. METHODS: A literature search in Medline, Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register were searched through March 2018. We included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing CPAP treatment with sham CPAP, placebo or no treatment in non-diabetic adults with OSAHS. Risk of Bias was evaluated using Cochrane tool and a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of CPAP in both HOMA index and fasting glucose was done. Certain of evidence was rated using GRADE approach. RESULTS: Nine studies consisting of 443 participants were included. CPAP treatment significantly improved HOMA index (Mean difference = -0.39 Ui (CI, -0.69 to -0.08), p < 0.05. I2 = 57% (GRADE = LOW). However, CPAP showed no significant changes in fasting glucose (GRADE = LOW). CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows evidence that metabolic disturbances could be halted and regressed with CPAP treatment in patients with insulin resistance and OSAHS. In conclusion, treatment with CPAP could improve HOMA IR index.

CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a prevalent condition across the world; it co-exists with others metabolic diseases, such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. These associations increase the cardiovascular risk and mortality. Observational studies have reported a strength association between OSA and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended for moderate to severe OSAHS. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence of CPAP in T2DM patients with OSAHS. METHODS: A compressive search in Medline, Cochrane, Ovids, Epistemonikos, and DARE was performed. Two reviewers evaluated included studies, extracted data, carried out quality assessment and summarized the result. Pooled data was evaluated by meta-analysis and summaries of results and evidence grading were performed through the GRADE method. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including a total of 581 participants. Treatment with CPAP showed no effectiveness regarding changing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 12 or 24 weeks after treatment; (Mean difference= -0.10; Confidence interval -0.25 to 0.04) (GRADE: MODERATE). Subgroup analysis by adherence to CPAP (> 4 hours or < 4 hours) confirmed these results. Other indirect outcomes, such as change in fasting glucose levels, were similar in CPAP population and placebo. DISCUSSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the evidence regarding the efficacy of CPAP in patients with T2DM and OSAHS. In conclusion, CPAP does not improve glycemic control measure as HbA1c.

Extrapulmonary effects of continuous airway pressure on patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary consequences. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for pulmonary symptoms. However, it is not clear if CPAP modifies extrapulmonary symptoms, especially in the long term. To date, several studies addressing this issue have been performed, but the evidence is scattered across different reviews that address each outcome separately. Therefore, we will conduct an overview to assess and summarise all systematic reviews on the extrapulmonary effects of this intervention in patients with OSA. METHODS: This is a protocol for a systematic overview of reviews that will follow the guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA-P. We will conduct comprehensive literature searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, DARE and Epistemonikos. We will consider systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials evaluating the extrapulmonary effects of CPAP on OSA. Two reviewers will independently screen articles for inclusion using criteria that are determined a priori, assessing the quality of included reviews and extracting relevant information. We will create matrices of evidence in the Epistemonikos database, including all systematic reviews addressing a similar question and all studies addressing the question in those reviews. We will try to explain why studies are not included in individual reviews using the inclusion criteria, and we will estimate the overlap between different reviews in the same matrix of evidence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42014013036.

Comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico del dengue en un CDI de Venezuela / Clinical and epidemiological behavior of dengue in Venezuela CDI

Se realiza un estudio con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico del dengue en pacientes atendidos en el Centro Integral de Diagnóstico Jorge Hernández del municipio Cabimas, estado Zulia, Venezuela, en el período junio-diciembre de 2012. El universo está conformado por 51 pacientes que presentaron muestras positivas. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Los resultados demuestran que el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años fue el de mayor número. El sexo masculino predominó. La forma clínica que prevaleció fue el dengue clásico, el síntoma más relevante fue la fiebre. Los meses de mayor incidencia fueron los del trimestre septiembre a noviembre de 2012 (AU)

A study was performed in order to determine the clinical and epidemiological behavior of dengue patients attending the Integral Diagnostic Center Jorge Hernandez Cabimas municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela, from June to December 2012. The universe is made up of 51 patients who had positive samples. Clinical and epidemiological variables are studied. The results show that the age group 31-40 years was the highest number. The male sex is important. The clinical form that prevailed was the classic dengue; the most important symptom was fever. The months of highest incidence were the quarter September to November 2012

Anti-inflammatory activity of two diterpenes of Hyptis suaveolens from El Salvador.

Separation and isolation of the two main compounds suaveolol and methyl suaveolate from leaves of chichinguaste (Hyptis suaveolens Poit., Lamiaceae) could be achieved by means of repeated column chromatography and repeated preparative thin layer chromatography. Their chemical structures were approved by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR experiments. The anti-inflammatory activity of the two compounds was tested for the first time as inhibition of croton oil-induced dermatitis of the mouse ear. Suaveolol and methyl suaveolate showed nearly the same dose-dependent topical anti-inflammatory activity, only two to three times lower than that of the reference drug indomethacin. The anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds could contribute to the antiphlogistic activity of extracts of Hyptis species and confirm the rational use of Hyptis suaveolens extracts in dermatological diseases.