Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 38
Filtrar
1.
Psychiatry Res ; 326: 115317, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37352749

RESUMO

Epidemiological studies on problematic Internet use and problematic gaming conducted so far have mainly been carried out with unrepresentative and self-selected convenience samples, resulting in unreliable prevalence rates. This study estimates the prevalence of problematic Internet use and problematic gaming in a large sample of Spanish adolescents (N = 41,507) and identifies risk and protective factors for these risky behaviours. Data were collected online using the Adolescent Problem Internet Use Scale and the Adolescent Gaming Addiction Scale. Using a cut-off approach with measurement instruments inspired by the DSM-5 framework, we found a prevalence of 33% for problematic Internet use and 3.1% for problematic gaming. With a more conservative approach inspired by the ICD-11 framework, prevalence rates decreased to 2.98% for problematic Internet use and 1.8% for problematic gaming. Female gender, higher parents' education, elevated Internet connection time, reporting being online after midnight and using the mobile phone in class predicted problematic Internet use; whereas male gender, "living situation" where families do not have a traditional structure or stable environment, elevated Internet connection time and reporting using the mobile phone in class predicted problematic gaming. A cut-off approach involving scales that recycle substance use criteria (as in the DSM-5) over-pathologize Internet use and gaming behaviours. In contrast, the ICD-11 approach seems to provide more realistic and reliable prevalence rates.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo , Jogos de Vídeo , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Prevalência , Uso da Internet , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Internet
2.
Glob Health Promot ; 30(2): 71-85, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36333864

RESUMO

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron establecer la relación de la práctica de ejercicio físico en el tiempo libre con la práctica de los padres, el rendimiento académico, la importancia que le dan a la asignatura de educación física (EF) y la influencia que consideran que tiene sobre su rendimiento académico; así como sobre la percepción que tienen de la importancia que le dan los padres a la EF. Para ello, un total de 867 niños y niñas de 5° de Primaria a 4° de la ESO (edad: 12.99 ± 1.90 años) diligenciaron un cuestionario previamente validado. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas al relacionar práctica deportiva de los alumnos con la práctica de sus padres y madres (p < 0.001), así como un mayor rendimiento académico entre los practicantes (p entre 0.008 y <0.001). En general, los alumnos le dieron la misma importancia a la EF que al resto de asignaturas, si bien los practicantes tenían una mejor percepción de la importancia de la EF (p = 0.002). En conclusión, hay una relación entre la práctica de ejercicio físico y el rendimiento académico, con la práctica de los padres y con la importancia que le dan ellos a la asignatura de EF, pero no con la que perciben que le dan sus padres.

3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34769986

RESUMO

(1) The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 confinement in a sample of Spanish adults, analyzing their age and living situation as defining life cycle variables. (2) Method: Data from 3779 individuals were collected through a set of online surveys. AUDIT-C was used to measure the frequency of consumption, the average daily consumption, intensive consumption, risky consumption, and Standard Drink Units. (3) Results: Although alcohol consumption during confinement showed a significant general decline, age revealed important differences, with the decline being more pronounced in adults from 18 to 29 years old. The living situation also showed significant differences. The largest decreases in alcohol consumption were found in those who lived with their parents or other relatives, whereas those who lived alone or with a partner even increased their level of consumption. In addition, the data show a significant interaction between these two variables and gender. (4) Conclusions: Age and cohabitation processes are key factors in understanding the life situation of each individual during confinement and, consequently, in explaining consumption patterns. The results obtained provide interesting recommendations for designing prevention policies in both normal and crisis circumstances, emphasizing the need to understand alcohol use from a psychosocial perspective.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 May 19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34009189

RESUMO

A high prevalence of adolescent substance use, risky consumption patterns and the decrease in the age of initiation, together with the growth of non-substance addictions, represent a huge challenge for Public Health. This suggests the need for a change of focus in the work of the primary care settings, which must be more proactive in the early detection and intervention. Although there are some previous experiences in Spain, we do not have a duly standardised system, based on clinical practice and validated in consulting rooms, which could be used in a general, simple, and guaranteed manner. The SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment) model, developed in the United States and conceived from a Public Health perspective, might represent such a paradigm shift. The aim of this paper was to provide researchers and professionals with a review of the available evidence in different countries, with a view to implementing it in Spain, where SBIRT remains a challenge. In addition, theoretical and technical foundations, and potential of the SBIRT are described. Not only its possible benefits and opportunities are put on the table, but also the shortcomings, limitations and needs that must be overcome for SBIRT implementation to be possible.


La alta prevalencia del consumo de sustancias entre los adolescentes, los preocupantes patrones de consumo y el descenso de las edades de inicio, junto al crecimiento de las adicciones sin sustancia, suponen uno de los grandes desafíos actuales en materia de Salud Pública. Ello sugiere la necesidad de un cambio de enfoque en la labor de los dispositivos de Atención Primaria (AP), que han de ser más proactivos en la detección e intervención precoz. Aunque en España existen algunas experiencias previas, no disponemos de una sistemática debidamente protocolizada, fundamentada clínicamente y validada en las consultas, que pueda ser utilizada de forma generalizada, sencilla y con garantías por los profesionales. El modelo SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment), desarrollado en Estados Unidos y concebido desde un enfoque de Salud Púbica, representa ese cambio de paradigma. El objetivo de este trabajo, además de dar a conocer los fundamentos teóricos, técnicos y potencialidades del SBIRT, fue poner a disposición de investigadores y profesionales una revisión de la evidencia disponible en diferentes países, de cara a su posible implantación en España, donde a pesar de la existencia de experiencias precedentes puntuales, constituye todavía una cuenta pendiente. Se ponen sobre la mesa no sólo los posibles beneficios y oportunidades, sino también las carencias, limitaciones y necesidades que han de superarse para que la implementación del SBIRT sea posible.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo/prevenção & controle , Modelos Organizacionais , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Intervenção em Crise , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Nov 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33185197

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Botellón has established itself as a recreational ritual of great importance in the leisure of young people and it has contributed to the expansion of a worrying pattern of alcohol and other substances consumption. However, there are few papers that take an integrated approach to this issue. The aim of this work was to have new data to characterize this practice, while providing evidence of its consequences and identifying relevant prognostic factors for prevention. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 4,867 Galician adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (Mean=14.68; SD=1.67). Data were collected in schools through an ad hoc questionnaire and they were analyzed through of a bivariate tabulation, with the application of the opportune contrasts according to the nature of the variables. RESULTS: 27.3% of the teenagers in the sample went to botellón during the last year. 96.6% admitted to drinking alcohol when they went to a botellón, 53.4% alcohol and tobacco and 30.2% three or more substances. This practice was associated with significantly higher rates of Intensive Alcohol Consumption (28% vs. 0.9%), as well as of consumption of risk of alcohol, cannabis and drugs in general. The modulating role of variables such as risk perception and beliefs and expectations associated with consumption, money available or time of arrival at home was also found. CONCLUSIONS: At least 1 in 4 teenagers continue to go to botellones. This practice associated with risky consumption. The evidence found reinforces the multidimensional nature of the problem and suggests reorienting prevention policies.


OBJETIVO: El botellón se ha consolidado como un ritual recreativo de gran importancia en el ocio de los jóvenes y ha contribuido a la expansión de un patrón preocupante de consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias. Pese a ello, son escasos los trabajos que lo aborden de manera integral. Este trabajo se planteó con el objetivo disponer de nuevos datos que permitan caracterizar dicha práctica, al tiempo que aportar evidencias sobre sus consecuencias e identificar factores de pronóstico relevantes para la prevención. METODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con una muestra de 4.867 adolescentes gallegos de entre 12 y 18 años (Media=14,68; DT=1,67). Los datos se recogieron en centros escolares mediante un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc y fueron analizados mediante una tabulación bivariada, con la aplicación de los contrastes oportunos en función de la naturaleza de las variables. RESULTADOS: El 27,3% de los adolescentes de la muestra hicieron botellón en el transcurso del último año. El 96,6% reconoció beber alcohol cuando acude a un botellón, el 53,4% alcohol y tabaco y un 30,2% tres o más sustancias. Esta práctica se asoció con tasas significativamente mayores de consumo intensivo de alcohol (28% vs. 0,9%), así como de consumo de riesgo de alcohol, cannabis y drogas en general. Se constató también el papel modulador de variables como la percepción de riesgo y las creencias y expectativas asociadas al consumo, el dinero disponible o la hora de llegada a casa. CONCLUSIONES: Al menos 1 de cada 4 adolescentes sigue haciendo botellón, asociándose este a un consumo de riesgo. Las evidencias encontradas refuerzan el carácter multidimensional del problema y sugieren reorientar las políticas de prevención.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento Ritualístico , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Recreação , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 May 12.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32396145

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Use of the Internet has grown exponentially and adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups in this new environment. Hence the problematic use of the Internet (PIU) at this stage has become a concern for a growing number of researchers. Taking into account the interest that this issue has generated at many levels, the aim of this paper is to find the prevalence of PIU among adolescents in the health area of Vigo (Spain). METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The PIU validated scale was applied to children between 10 and 16 years old, captured by systematic sampling with replacement in the primary care consultations of four health centers. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The questionnaire was applaid to 165 children, 51.2% men. Problematic Internet use was observed in 38.8% (95% CI: 31.7-46.4), higher in women (46.3%) than in men (31.8%), with no significant differences (p 0.07). By age groups, the positive rate on the scale reached 36.8% in the 13-14 year range and 48.6% in the 15-16 range. The item that reached the highest score was "When I am online, I feel that time flies and hours pass without me realizing it" (60.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UPI in children / adolescents is similar to that observed in Asian adolescents. This study is the first to apply a scale validated and adapted to the Spanish cultural context in the daily practice of Primary Care consultations. Its use would allow to identify the PIU in this context and intervene if necessary.


OBJETIVO: El uso de Internet ha crecido exponencialmente y los adolescentes son considerados uno de los grupos más vulnerables en este nuevo contexto. De ahí que el uso problemático de Internet (UPI) en esta etapa se haya convertido en una preocupación para un número creciente de investigadores. Teniendo en cuenta el interés que este tema ha generado en muchos niveles, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia del uso problemático de Internet entre los niños/adolescentes del área sanitaria de Vigo (España). METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se aplicó la escala validada EUPI-a a niños entre 10 y 16 años, captados por muestreo sistemático con reposición en las consultas de atención primaria de cuatro centros de salud. Se elaboró posteriormente un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. RESULTADOS: Se entregó el cuestionario a 165 niños, de los que el 51,2% eran varones. Se objetivó un uso problemático de Internet en el 38,8% (IC 95%: 31,7-46,4), mayor en mujeres (46,3%) que en varones (31,8%), aunque no se constataron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,07). Por grupos de edad, la tasa de positivos en la escala alcanzó un 36,8% en la franja de 13-14 años y un 48,6% en la de 15-16 años. El ítem que alcanzó mayor puntuación fue "Cuando me conecto siento que el tiempo vuela y pasan las horas sin darme cuenta" (60,6%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de UPI en niños/adolescentes es similar a la observada en adolescentes asiáticos. Este estudio es el primero en aplicar una escala validada y adaptada al contexto cultural español en la práctica diaria de una consulta de atención primaria. Su utilización en este entorno permitiría identificar el UPI e intervenir si fuera preciso.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo/diagnóstico , Internet , Pediatria/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200476

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El botellón se ha consolidado como un ritual recreativo de gran importancia en el ocio de los jóvenes y ha contribuido a la expansión de un patrón preocupante de consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias. Pese a ello, son escasos los trabajos que lo aborden de manera integral. Este trabajo se planteó con el objetivo disponer de nuevos datos que permitan caracterizar dicha práctica, al tiempo que aportar evidencias sobre sus consecuencias e identificar factores de pronóstico relevantes para la prevención. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con una muestra de 4.867 adolescentes gallegos de entre 12 y 18 años (Media=14,68; DT=1,67). Los datos se recogieron en centros escolares mediante un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc y fueron analizados mediante una tabulación bivariada, con la aplicación de los contrastes oportunos en función de la naturaleza de las variables. RESULTADOS: El 27,3% de los adolescentes de la muestra hicieron botellón en el transcurso del último año. El 96,6% reconoció beber alcohol cuando acude a un botellón, el 53,4% alcohol y tabaco y un 30,2% tres o más sustancias. Esta práctica se asoció con tasas significativamente mayores de consumo intensivo de alcohol (28% vs. 0,9%), así como de consumo de riesgo de alcohol, cannabis y drogas en general. Se constató también el papel modulador de variables como la percepción de riesgo y las creencias y expectativas asociadas al consumo, el dinero disponible o la hora de llegada a casa. CONCLUSIONES: Al menos 1 de cada 4 adolescentes sigue haciendo botellón, asociándose este a un consumo de riesgo. Las evidencias encontradas refuerzan el carácter multidimensional del problema y sugieren reorientar las políticas de prevención


OBJECTIVE: Botellón has established itself as a recreational ritual of great importance in the leisure of young people and it has contributed to the expansion of a worrying pattern of alcohol and other substances consumption. However, there are few papers that take an integrated approach to this issue. The aim of this work was to have new data to characterize this practice, while providing evidence of its consequences and identifying relevant prognostic factors for prevention. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 4,867 Galician adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (Mean=14.68; SD=1.67). Data were collected in schools through an ad hoc questionnaire and they were analyzed through of a bivariate tabulation, with the application of the opportune contrasts according to the nature of the variables. RESULTS: 27.3% of the teenagers in the sample went to botellón during the last year. 96.6% admitted to drinking alcohol when they went to a botellón, 53.4% alcohol and tobacco and 30.2% three or more substances. This practice was associated with significantly higher rates of Intensive Alcohol Consumption (28% vs. 0.9%), as well as of consumption of risk of alcohol, cannabis and drugs in general. The modulating role of variables such as risk perception and beliefs and expectations associated with consumption, money available or time of arrival at home was also found. CONCLUSIONS: At least 1 in 4 teenagers continue to go to botellones. This practice associated with risky consumption. The evidence found reinforces the multidimensional nature of the problem and suggests reorienting prevention policies


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Ritualístico , Estudos Transversais , Recreação , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 32(1): 52-62, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192497

RESUMO

La adolescencia constituye un período crítico en el desarrollo de conductas adictivas. En particular, la edad a la que los jóvenes se inician en el consumo de alcohol no es una cuestión banal, habida cuenta de las importantes repercusiones que posee a diferentes niveles. Sin embargo se sabe relativamente poco de por qué cada vez se empieza a consumir de manera más precoz. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido recabar nuevos datos empíricos sobre las implicaciones de una edad de inicio temprana e identificar, al mismo tiempo, posibles variables asociadas. Se han actualizado además las edades medias de inicio de consumo de distintas sustancias, ampliando el marco muestral habitual del ESTUDES (14-18 años), incorporando a los adolescentes de 12 y 13 años. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de 3419 adolescentes de la comunidad gallega (M = 14,57 y DT = 1,76) permiten constatar que la edad a la que los adolescentes suelen iniciarse en el consumo de alcohol es menor de lo que sugiere el ESTUDES 2016-2017, situándose en 13,4 años. Además quienes se inician antes en su consumo presentan una mayor probabilidad de consumir otras sustancias, tasas de consumo de riesgo 3 veces superiores y se implican más en prácticas potencialmente peligrosas. Por último, variables como la percepción de riesgo o las expectativas presentan una capacidad explicativa escasa, sobre todo si se compara con otras relacionadas con el consumo del entorno familiar o entre iguales. Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de retrasar la edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol como uno de los objetivos estratégicos de las políticas de prevención


Adolescence is a critical period in the development of addictive behaviors. In particular, the age at which adolescents start drinking is not a trivial matter, given the important consequences that it has. However, relatively little is known about what it is that causes them to start drinking at an ever earlier age. The aim of this paper is to collect new empirical data about the implications of an early age of onset and, at the same time, to identify possible associated variables. Furthermore, the mean age of onset of the different substances is updated by expanding the sample frame of the ESTUDES (14-18 years) to incorporate adolescents aged 12 and 13. The results obtained with a sample of 3,419 adolescents from the Autonomous Community of Galicia (M = 14.57 and SD = 1.76) reveal that at 13.4 years of age, the age at which adolescents tend to start drinking is lower than suggested by ESTUDES 20162017. In addition, those who start drinking earlier are more likely to use other substances, their rates of high-risk consumption are 3 times higher and they are more involved in potentially dangerous practices. Finally, variables such as risk perception and expectations of use yield very limited explanatory capacity, especially if they are compared with those related to drinking within the family or peer group. The results reinforce the need to delay the age of alcohol onset as one of the strategic objectives of prevention policies


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idade de Início
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192526

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El uso de Internet ha crecido exponencialmente y los adolescentes son considerados uno de los grupos más vulnerables en este nuevo contexto. De ahí que el uso problemático de Internet (UPI) en esta etapa se haya convertido en una preocupación para un número creciente de investigadores. Teniendo en cuenta el interés que este tema ha generado en muchos niveles, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia del uso problemático de Internet entre los niños/adolescentes del área sanitaria de Vigo (España). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se aplicó la escala validada EUPI-a a niños entre 10 y 16 años, captados por muestreo sistemático con reposición en las consultas de atención primaria de cuatro centros de salud. Se elaboró posteriormente un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. RESULTADOS: Se entregó el cuestionario a 165 niños, de los que el 51,2% eran varones. Se objetivó un uso problemático de Internet en el 38,8% (IC 95%: 31,7-46,4), mayor en mujeres (46,3%) que en varones (31,8%), aunque no se constataron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,07). Por grupos de edad, la tasa de positivos en la escala alcanzó un 36,8% en la franja de 13-14 años y un 48,6% en la de 15-16 años. El ítem que alcanzó mayor puntuación fue "Cuando me conecto siento que el tiempo vuela y pasan las horas sin darme cuenta" (60,6%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de UPI en niños/adolescentes es similar a la observada en adolescentes asiáticos. Este estudio es el primero en aplicar una escala validada y adaptada al contexto cultural español en la práctica diaria de una consulta de atención primaria. Su utilización en este entorno permitiría identificar el UPI e intervenir si fuera preciso


OBJECTIVE: Use of the Internet has grown exponentially and adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups in this new environment. Hence the problematic use of the Internet (PIU) at this stage has become a concern for a growing number of researchers. Taking into account the interest that this issue has generated at many levels, the aim of this paper is to find the prevalence of PIU among adolescents in the health area of Vigo (Spain). METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The PIU validated scale was applied to children between 10 and 16 years old, captured by systematic sampling with replacement in the primary care consultations of four health centers. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The questionnaire was applaid to 165 children, 51.2% men. Problematic Internet use was observed in 38.8% (95% CI: 31.7-46.4), higher in women (46.3%) than in men (31.8%), with no significant differences (p 0.07). By age groups, the positive rate on the scale reached 36.8% in the 13-14 year range and 48.6% in the 15-16 range. The item that reached the highest score was "When I am online, I feel that time flies and hours pass without me realizing it" (60.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UPI in children / adolescents is similar to that observed in Asian adolescents. This study is the first to apply a scale validated and adapted to the Spanish cultural context in the daily practice of Primary Care consultations. Its use would allow to identify the PIU in this context and intervene if necessary


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Diagnóstico Precoce , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Acesso à Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Psicol. conduct ; 25(3): 529-545, sept.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169765

RESUMO

El fenómeno del botellón ha contribuido a la expansión y consolidación de un patrón de consumo de alcohol preocupante en forma de atracón. Pese a ello existen pocos estudios que lo analicen, siendo éste precisamente el objetivo del presente trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de 3.419 adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años (M=14,94; DT= 1,89) sitúan la prevalencia del botellón en un 38,4%. Su práctica implica tasas de consumo de otras sustancias significativamente mayores, siendo hasta 16 veces superior en el caso del consumo intensivo (binge drinking), así como mayores tasas de consumo de riesgo. Asimismo, se asocia con numerosas prácticas de riesgo, como peleas, accidentes o sexo sin protección. Las expectativas, el consumo de los iguales, la hora de llegada a casa o el dinero disponible se han mostrado asociadas con esta práctica. Todo ello refuerza la conveniencia de desarrollar una labor preventiva integral que contemple tanto variables de naturaleza personal como aquellas más estrechamente relacionadas con el establecimiento de normas y límites por parte de los padres


The phenomenon of botellón (binge drinking) among adolescents has contributed to the expansion and consolidation of a worrying pattern of alcohol consumption. However, there are few studies that analyze it, being this the objective of the paper. The results obtained with a sample of 3,419 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (M= 14.94, SD= 1.89) put the prevalence of botellón at 38.4%. Its practice involves consumption rates of other substances significantly higher, being up to 16 times higher in the case of binge drinking, as well as higher risk consumption levels. Likewise, it is associated with several highrisk practices such as fights, accidents or unprotected sex. Variables such as expectations, peers consumption, curfew or spending money have been shown to be associated with this practice. All this reinforces the convenience of developing comprehensive preventive work that includes both variables of a personal nature and those more closely related to the establishment of norms and limits by the parents


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Perigoso , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente , Sexo sem Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Psicol. conduct ; 25(2): 371-386, mayo-ago. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167106

RESUMO

El "Test de identificación de trastornos por consumo de alcohol" (AUDIT) es uno de los instrumentos de cribado de consumo de alcohol que más pruebas empíricas acumula, aunque en España no se ha informado todavía de sus propiedades psicométricas con adolescentes. Este ha sido el objetivo de este trabajo. Se utilizó una metodología correlacional, consistente en la realización de una entrevista individual a una muestra de 569 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años (M= 14,71; DT= 1,79), en la que se incluyó la subescala para el diagnóstico del trastorno por consumo de alcohol de la "Entrevista diagnóstica para adolescentes" (ADI), la subescala de Consumo y abuso de sustancias del "Instrumento de cribado orientado a problemas para adolescentes" (POSIT) y el "Test de cribado de abuso de sustancias" (CRAFFT). El AUDIT presentó una adecuada consistencia interna (alfa= 0,82) y mostró sensibilidad (86,4%) y especificidad (89,8%) utilizando como punto de corte "4". El análisis factorial ha confirmado dos factores como la solución más satisfactoria. Estos resultados permiten utilizar el AUDIT con adolescentes españoles con garantías psicométricas


One of the instruments for the screening of problematic alcohol consumption with more empirical evidence is the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). However there is no study in Spain that reports its psychometric properties among adolescents. This has been the aim of this paper. A correlational method was used by administering an individual interview to a sample of 569 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (M= 14.71, SD= 1.79). A subscale for the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder of the Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (ADI) was included as well as the subscale of Substance use and abuse of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) and the CRAFFT Substance Abuse Screening Test. The AUDIT presents an adequate psychometric behavior when it is applied to adolescents, both in terms of internal consistency (alfa = .82), as well as sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (89.8%), using "4" as cut-off point. Factorial analysis has confirmed two factors as the most satisfactory solution. Henceforth, the AUDIT may be used in Spain with adolescents with psychometric guarantees


Assuntos
Humanos , Testes Psicológicos , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
12.
Psicol. conduct ; 25(1): 129-146, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162158

RESUMO

El uso de internet entre los adolescentes constituye una oportunidad de desarrollo personal, pero también una fuente potencial de problemas y riesgos. Los aspectos sociales y culturales asociados al sexo pueden condicionar tanto a priori los patrones de uso de internet, como las consecuencias derivadas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue explorar las diferencias de sexo en los hábitos y motivos de uso de la red, en distintas prácticas online de riesgo, en el uso problemático de internet o en el papel ejercido por los padres y madres. Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 40.955 estudiantes de secundaria de España (12-17 años). Los resultados obtenidos constatan importantes diferencias de sexo en los motivos de uso, la utilización de las redes sociales, el teléfono móvil y la mensajería instantánea. También se encontraron diferencias en la prevalencia de uso problemático o de prácticas de riesgo como el ciberacoso y en el papel de los progenitores. Estos hallazgos permiten discutir ciertas claves interpretativas desde la perspectiva de género


The use of the internet among adolescents is an opportunity for personal development, but also a potential source of problems and risks. Social and cultural aspects related to gender could, a priori, determine patterns of internet and social networks usage, as well as the resulting consequences. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible gender differences regarding internet usage habits, reasons for its use, online risky behaviors, problematic internet use (PIU) and parental role. To achieve this goal, a sample of 40,955 Spanish Compulsory Secondary School students aged 12-17 was analyzed. The results obtained confirmed relevant gender differences in the reasons for using it, in social networks, mobile phone and instant messaging use. Differences in prevalence of PIU, in risky practices such as cyberbullying and in parental role were also detected. These findings allow for discussing some interpretative keys from a gender perspective


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Hábitos , Mídias Sociais , Rede Social , Webcasts como Assunto , Distribuição por Sexo , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Adicciones ; 27(1): 47-63, 2015 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25879477

RESUMO

Adolescents' use of the Internet is becoming a matter of great concern for different sectors of society. The psychological and behavioural consequences of problematic Internet use in young people demands quick and effective answers. One of the major challenges in this context is the development of empirically validated tools, which would facilitate early detection and screening for potential risk cases. This is precisely the aim of this paper. Based on a sample of 1,709 secondary-school students from Galicia (a region in northern Spain) aged 11 to 17 (M = 13.74, SD = 1.43), the analysis carried out permitted us to present a brief and simple tool (with just 11 items). It has substantial theoretical support, since both the existing background information and the views of experts from the academic and professional spheres were taken into account in the course of its development. The scale is adapted to the Spanish cultural context and to the language of young people. It has satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability of the scores (α = .82), evidence of its internal structure (tested via a Confirmatory Factorial Analysis), sensitivity (81%), and specificity (82.6%). Moreover, its use enables the gradation of adolescents on a risk or problematic Internet use continuum. In our view, all of this lends it enormous applied potential in both the educational and clinical contexts.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo/diagnóstico , Internet , Autorrelato , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria
14.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 27(1): 47-63, 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141441

RESUMO

El uso que los adolescentes hacen de Internet viene suscitando una enorme preocupación en diferentes sectores de la sociedad. Las consecuencias a nivel psicológico y conductual que el uso problemático de la Red provoca entre los más jóvenes demandan una respuesta tan rápida como eficaz. Uno de los grandes retos en este contexto es el desarrollo de herramientas validadas empíricamente, que permitan hacer un cribado o detección precoz de posibles casos de riesgo. Ese es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. A partir de una muestra de 1709 escolares de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria de la comunidad gallega, de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años (M = 13,74; DT = 1,43), los análisis realizados permiten presentar una herramienta breve y sencilla (compuesta por solo 11 ítems), que goza de un importante aval teórico, ya que para su elaboración se tuvieron en cuenta tanto los antecedentes existentes en la literatura, como las opiniones de expertos del ámbito académico y profesional. Dicha escala, además de estar adaptada al contexto cultural español y al lenguaje de los adolescentes, presenta unas propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias, tanto en términos de fiabilidad de las puntuaciones (α = ,82) y evidencias de su estructura interna (probada a través de un Análisis Factorial Confimatorio), como de sensibilidad (81%) y especificidad (82,6%), permitiendo 'escalar' a los adolescentes en un continuum de riesgo o uso problemático de Internet. Todo ello le confiere, a nuestro modo de ver, un notable potencial a nivel aplicado, tanto en el contexto educativo como clínico


Adolescents' use of the Internet is becoming a matter of great concern for different sectors of society. The psychological and behavioural consequences of problematic Internet use in young people demands quick and effective answers. One of the major challenges in this context is the development of empirically validated tools, which would facilitate early detection and screening for potential risk cases. This is precisely the aim of this paper. Based on a sample of 1,709 secondaryschool students from Galicia (a region in northern Spain) aged 11 to 17 (M = 13.74, SD = 1.43), the analysis carried out permitted us to present a brief and simple tool (with just 11 items). It has substantial theoretical support, since both the existing background information and the views of experts from the academic and professional spheres were taken into account in the course of its development. The scale is adapted to the Spanish cultural context and to the language of young people. It has satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability of the scores (α = .82), evidence of its internal structure (tested via a Confirmatory Factorial Analysis), sensitivity (81%), and specificity (82.6%). Moreover, its use enables the gradation of adolescents on a risk or problematic Internet use continuum. In our view, all of this lends it enormous applied potential in both the educational and clinical contexts


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Internet/instrumentação , Sociedades/análise , Sociedades/políticas , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Comportamento de Busca de Informação/ética , Internet/tendências , Transferência de Tecnologia , Sociedades/efeitos adversos , Sociedades/legislação & jurisprudência , Sociedades/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/análise , História do Século XXI , Comportamento de Busca de Informação/classificação
15.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 23(1): 165-172, ene.-jun. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118655

RESUMO

Las acciones a balón parado (ABP) en fútbol son todas aquellas situaciones de juego que se inician con un saque desde parado después de una interrupción reglamentaria del mismo. En este trabajo se ha pretendido analizar la eficacia de una de estas acciones, el saque de esquina; identificar las variables más relevantes para conducir al éxito (el remate) a estas acciones y proponer un modelo de saque de esquina exitoso. Después del registro de 554 saques de esquina ejecutados en el Mundial de Sudáfrica 2010 y de realizar análisis a nivel univariado, bivariado y multivariado, los resultados indican una baja eficacia en el remate en este tipo de acciones, la identificación de una serie de variables que presentan una relación estadísticamente significativa y la propuesta de un modelo explicativo, que aunque presenta una capacidad explicativa limitada, ayuda a interpretar de forma práctica la ejecución de estas acciones


In soccer, dead-ball moves are those in which the ball is returned to play from a stationary position following an interruption of play. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of one such dead-ball move, namely corner kicks, and to identify the key variables that determine the success of a shot or header following a corner, thereby enabling a model of successful corner kicks to be proposed. We recorded 554 corner kicks performed during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa and carried out a univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data. The results indicated that corners were of limited effectiveness in terms of the success of subsequent shots or headers. The analysis also revealed a series of variables that were significantly related to one another, and this enabled us to propose an explanatory model. Although this model had limited explanatory power, it nonetheless helps to understand the execution of corner kicks in practical terms


As acções de bola parada (ABP) no futebol são todas as situações de jogo que se iniciam depois de uma interrupção regulamentar do mesmo. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se analisar a eficácia de uma destas acções, o canto; identificar as variáveis mais relevantes para levar ao êxito (o remate) estas acções e propor um modelo de canto bem sucedido. Após o registo de 554 cantos executados no Mundial de 2010 na África do Sul e da realização de uma análise a nível univariado, bivariado e multivariado, os resultados indicam uma baixa eficácia no remate neste tipo de acções, a identificação de uma série de variáveis que apresentam uma relação estatisticamente significativa e a proposta de um modelo explicativo que, embora apresente capacidade explicativa limitada, ajuda a interpretar de forma prática a execução destas acções


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Futebol/psicologia , Futebol/normas , Desempenho Atlético/psicologia , Desempenho Atlético/normas , Esportes/fisiologia , Esportes/psicologia , Esportes/normas , Equipamentos Esportivos/ética , Equipamentos Esportivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamentos Esportivos/normas , Testes Psicológicos/normas
16.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 26(1): 21-26, feb. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-118602

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Problematic Internet use in adolescents has become an issue of concern for a growing number of researchers and institutions over the past years. Behavioural problems, social isolation, school failure and family problems are some of the consequences of psychological and behavioural impact on teenagers. Taking into account the interest that this issue has generated at many levels, the aim of this paper is to develop a screening tool for early detection of problematic Internet use in teenagers. METHOD: A survey of Compulsory Secondary School students from Galicia involving a total of 2,339 individuals was carried out. RESULTS: The results obtained allow (1) gauging the magnitude of the problem, establishing the risk levels among the adolescents, and (2) presenting a new, simple and short screening instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The present scale has sufficient theoretical and empirical support, including good psychometric properties (a= .83; specificity = .81; sensitivity = .80; ROC curve = .90), making it an interesting applied tool


ANTECEDENTES: el uso problemático de Internet entre los adolescentes preocupa cada vez más a investigadores e instituciones. Problemas de conducta, aislamiento social, fracaso escolar y problemas familiares son algunas de las consecuencias del impacto a nivel psicológico y conductual que ello produce. Habida cuenta del interés que el tema suscita a diferentes niveles, el objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta de screening para la detección precoz de uso problemático de Internet entre adolescentes. MÉTODO: se realizó una encuesta a escolares de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria de la comunidad gallega, en la que participaron un total de 2.339 individuos. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos permiten: (1) evaluar la magnitud del problema, permitiendo conocer los niveles de riesgo existente, y (2) presentar un nuevo instrumento de screening o cribado, breve y sencillo. CONCLUSIONES: la presente escala cuenta con suficiente aval teórico y empírico y con unas buenas propiedades psicométricas (a= ,83; especificidad = ,81; sensibilidad = ,80; Curva COR = ,90), lo cual la convierte en una herramienta de interés a nivel aplicado


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Internet/normas , Internet , Webcasts como Assunto , Diagnóstico Precoce , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Enquete Socioeconômica , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/normas , Psicometria/tendências
17.
Psicothema ; 26(1): 21-6, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24444725

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Problematic Internet use in adolescents has become an issue of concern for a growing number of researchers and institutions over the past years. Behavioural problems, social isolation, school failure and family problems are some of the consequences of psychological and behavioural impact on teenagers. Taking into account the interest that this issue has generated at many levels, the aim of this paper is to develop a screening tool for early detection of problematic Internet use in teenagers. METHOD: A survey of Compulsory Secondary School students from Galicia involving a total of 2,339 individuals was carried out. RESULTS: The results obtained allow (1) gauging the magnitude of the problem, establishing the risk levels among the adolescents, and (2) presenting a new, simple and short screening instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The present scale has sufficient theoretical and empirical support, including good psychometric properties (a = .83; specificity = .81; sensitivity = .80; ROC curve = .90), making it an interesting applied tool.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo/diagnóstico , Internet , Psicologia do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Telefone Celular , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Hábitos , Humanos , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Modelos Teóricos , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Rede Social , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Jogos de Vídeo
18.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 22(1): 111-121, ene.-jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-109795

RESUMO

La evaluación de la calidad percibida ha cobrado una gran importancia en la gestión de las organizaciones de prestación de servicios. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una escala con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, breve y de fácil aplicación que permita incorporar las percepciones de los usuarios a la gestión de los clubes de golf. Fueron entrevistados 403 usuarios de 4 clubes de golf con campos de 9 hoyos ubicados en Galicia (316 hombres y 87 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 75 años (Media = 47.19; DE = 13.91). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado ad hoc que contaba con 25 elementos agrupados en 4 dimensiones. Fruto de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio inicial y de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio posterior, ha sido posible obtener una escala final compuesta por tan solo 15 ítems agrupados en tres dimensiones. Dicha escala, además de ser breve y de fácil aplicación, posee un alto grado de validez de criterio (ya que explica el 72% del desempeño percibido del club) y una elevada consistencia interna (con un α global de .91), lo que la convierte en una herramienta de notable interés aplicado (AU)


The assessment of perceived quality has become important in the management of service providing organizations. The aim of this paper is to develop a brief, easy-to-apply scale with appropriate psychometric properties, which allows the incorporation of users’ perceptions of the management of golf clubs. We interviewed 403 users of four 9-hole course golf clubs located in Galicia (316 males and 87 females) aged between 16 and 75 years (Mean = 47.19; SD = 13.91). For data collection, an ad hoc structured questionnaire which had 25 items grouped into 4 dimensions was used. As a result of Exploratory Factor Analysis and a subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was possible to obtain a final scale made up of only 15 items, grouped into three dimensions. This scale, as well as being brief and easy-to-apply, has a high degree of validity (as it explains 72% of the perceived performance) and internal consistency (overall α of .91), thus making it a tool of considerable applied interest (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Golfe/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Testes Psicológicos/normas , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/tendências , Psicometria/organização & administração , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Esportes/psicologia
19.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 22(1): 143-150, ene.-jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-109798

RESUMO

Los beneficios que una actividad física moderada y regular reporta tanto a nivel físico como psicológico han sido evidenciados en numerosos trabajos. Las universidades españolas se han hecho eco de ello, creándose recientemente la Red Española de Universidades Saludables, lo que se traduce en una incorporación decidida a su oferta de servicios, de programas de actividad física encaminados a promocionar la práctica deportiva entre los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, contribuyendo así a la instauración de hábitos de vida saludables. La adaptación progresiva de la oferta deportiva a las necesidades y motivaciones de los usuarios, la optimización de los recursos, e incluso la adherencia a la propia práctica deportiva, pasan en buena medida por proporcionar un servicio de calidad. En consecuencia, es importante disponer de instrumentos válidos y fiables, a la par que sencillos, para que los responsables de los servicios deportivos universitarios realicen un adecuado seguimiento del funcionamiento de estos, incorporando la percepción de sus usuarios a la gestión. En este estudio se pone a prueba una herramienta de tan sólo 10 ítems, obteniendo unas propiedades psicométricas muy aceptables, lo que la convierte en un instrumento interesante a nivel aplicado (AU)


The physical and psychological benefits provided by regular moderate physical activity have been evidenced in numerous studies. Spanish universities have echoed this, recently creating the Spanish Network of Healthy Universities, resulting in a decided addition to its range of services of physical activity programs aimed at promoting sport among members of the university community, thus contributing to the establishment of a healthy lifestyle. The progressive adaptation of sporting activities to the needs and motivations of users, optimization of resources, and even adherence to doing sport, largely depends on providing a quality service. It is therefore important to have valid and reliable instruments, which are also simple at the same time, so that those responsible for university sports services can appropriately monitor their operation, incorporating the users’ perceptions of their management. This study tests a tool of only 10 items, obtaining very acceptable psychometric properties, which makes it a useful tool in practical terms (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Esportes/educação , Esportes/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Educação/organização & administração , Educação/normas , Controle de Qualidade
20.
J Strength Cond Res ; 26(8): 2058-64, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22027853

RESUMO

The goal of this article is to detect, describe, and compare 2 heart rate (HR) conditions associated with high-intensity efforts but somewhat different in nature: The first one is indicated by HR values close to the maximum heart reserve (MHRR), and the second is indicated by a marked increase in the HR values (MIHR). It was expected that both conditions were associated with different game situations. A sample of 441 game situations (241 MIHRs and 200 MHRRs), taken from HR records and individual filming of 12 elite soccer players, was assessed along 7 preseason competition matches. The game situations in which each of these 441 HR conditions took place were identified, using a previously established taxonomy of a combination of field formats and category systems in the Match Vision Studio Premium. For the recording of the HR condition, an HRM Polar was attached to the players when in competition, together with a simultaneous filming of their performance during the game. The HRM and video recordings were synchronized beforehand to be able to relate the game situation in the film with HR conditions. The results showed significant differences between both HR conditions for 4 criteria of game situations (Ball in play, Game Center, Role, and Opposition). In all the cases, the MIHR is more associated with active participation of the players in the game, whereas the MHRR is more associated with the end of this participation. Thus, the results suggest that MIHR could be a useful complementary measurement to assess the intensity of physiological load that elite soccer players bear during competition, together with more traditional measurements such as MHRR.


Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Corrida/fisiologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto Jovem
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...