[X-ray features of vitamin D-deficiency and vitamin D-resistant rickets].

To study the age-related features of growth areas and to detect the x-ray background of recurrent deformities in patients with rickets-like diseases, the investigators analyzed knee arthrograms in 74 patients aged 4 to 16 years (28 and 46 patients with vitamin D-deficiency or vitamin D-resistant rickets (phosphate diabetes), respectively) prior to treatment and in the late period.

[Calpain inhibitors regulate the conversion of thyroid gland follicles in rats and humans]. / Ingibitory kal'painov reguliruiut konversiiu follikulov shchitovidnoi zhelezy krys i cheloveka.

Effects of calpain inhibitors on thyroid follicle conversion into monolayer was investigated. Human and rat primary thyroid cultures require the follicular structure after enzyme disaggregation of native tissue fragments. Removal of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the culture medium causes migration of thyrocytes from follicles into monolayer, some differences were noted in conversion of rat and human thyroid follicles. The locomotion of rat thyrocytes is observed after preliminary incubation with TSH, but migration of thyrocytes from human thyroid follicles does not require such a preincubation. Phorbol esters induce migration of rat and human thyroid cells. Calpain inhibitors exert a significant influence on locomotion of the thyroid gland cells induced by the removal of TSH from the culture medium. Human thyrocyte migration is markedly inhibited by calpain inhibitor I or II. Likewise, addition of calpain inhibitor I into primary culture of rat thyrocytes decreased the number of migrating cells by 52%, and shortened average migration distance by 34%. Also, calpain inhibitors reduced the speed of phorbol ether-induced conversion of rat and human thyroid follicles into monolayer.

[A method of serial determination of calpain activity in biological material]. / Metod seriinogo opredeleniia aktivnosti kal'painov v biologicheskom materiale.

A procedure for quantitatively estimating the activity of calpains involved chromatography on the hydrophobic sorbent octyl-Sepharose CL-4B, which enabled one to measure the true proteinase activity unmasked by the inhibitors calpastatins. After binding with the sorbent and removal of the contaminating proteins the calpains were eluted using 0.5% sodium cholate as well as by an increase of pH value from 7.0 to 8.0 and by a decrease of the buffer ionic strength. Activity of the calpains was estimated using casein as a substrate in mice heart, liver and skeletal muscle, in rat and human erythrocytes. Simple and rapid technique of enzymatic activity estimation allowed one to use the procedure developed in the laboratory and clinical settings and to carry out serial measurement of the activity in small quantities of the material.

[Calpains and cathepsin D from the damaged myocardium: the role of iodothyronines]. / Kal'painy i katepsin D povrezhdennogo miokarda: rol' iodtironinov.

Experiments on albino male rats have demonstrated that a single subcutaneous isoprenaline injection produces cardiac calpaine activation and lysosomal labilization in euthyroidized animals. A 10 micrograms/kg triiodothyronine dose and a 50 micrograms/kg L-thyroxin inhibit calpaines and stabilize myocardial lysosomal membranes in intact rats. The effects following myocardial damage do not occur or become less pronounced in hyperthyroidism. Triiodothyronine proved to be more effective.