Becoming a mother when suffering from a chronic illness.

Introduction: The critical period of early motherhood when facing serious health problems constitutes a major public health issue. The disease may interfere with, influence, and compound the difficulties experienced over the course of pregnancy and during the parenthood processes. These processes are to be understood as a passage involving so many changes and fraught with difficulties leading to a series of psychological mobilizations. Illness also needs to be considered as a moment of transition, sometimes of severance, marking the lives of the people concerned in a more or less lasting way. Various developments are possible, some of which can be envisaged as leading to more positive outcomes, while others appear as if blocked or doomed to failure. Clinical data and method: This clinical study is the result of twelve analytically oriented psychotherapeutic follow-ups. The sessions took place weekly over periods ranging from 1 to 6 years. Some of the patients we met had become pregnant while they had a declared but not yet chronic nephropathy. The other patients were already on dialysis and had become mother before starting dialysis. There is also one instance of a pregnant patient on dialysis. In the background, there are also many women who talked about giving up fertility and motherhood. After an in-depth study of each follow-up, a cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the main themes. Results and discussion: Main considerations on the psychotherapeutic treatment: We regularly observe people who find it impossible to muster the internal resources that would enable them to deal with the trials they undergo in such situations. For the psychologist, there is a need to listen to archaic remnants. Gradually, in the space of psychotherapeutic work, possibilities of "reanimation" of the psyche emerge, an internal space that renews fantasmatic activity as it begins to be able to project into the external space and into the space of the sessions.

Couples Coping With the Serious Illness of One of the Partners.

Chronic kidney failure is a serious somatic disease. Addressing the issue of living with a chronic disease means fully considering the patients' entourage, their families, and those close to them, especially their children and spouses. Objectives: The present paper focuses on the couple's psychological experience when one of them suffers from a chronic disease, in this instance kidney disease. In particular, how is the spouse affected by the treatment provided? The aim is not only to see how care for sick people can be improved, but also, more specifically, how relatives and especially partners can receive attention. Methodology: A qualitative approach is not only adopted, being based on the psychotherapeutic follow-up of the partners of patients with chronic kidney disease, but also of the patients themselves, addressing the matter of their life as a couple. Three couples were considered, and two case studies are presented here. The issues that cut across these different situations are examined. Results and Discussion: Some couples show considerable resourcefulness. However, over the years, that capacity for adaptation and inventiveness can also be interrupted by the periods of greater suffering and even despair, especially when the somatic pathology becomes chronic. Many spouses talk about how living with a sick partner weighs down on them, causing severe fatigue. Some aspects of the illness can also become traumatic. The disease regularly disrupts the daily life of the couple and the family. This leads to a reworking of family relations. Each couple has its own history with the condition. As it emerges, it can disrupt the bonds of filiation, especially when the illness is hereditary. Making psychological care more accessible to the partners involved constitutes a major challenge for our hospital care systems.

Early substance consumption and problematic use of video games in adolescence.

Substance use as well as use of video games is frequent among young people. The purpose of this research was to study the links between the use of video games and the consumption of various substances such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis at adolescence. In order to do so, 1423 students from middle and high schools filled an auto-questionnaire that included questions on age, gender, year of study, use of video games and consumptions of alcohol (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Short version, AUDIT-C), tobacco (Heaviness of Smoking Index, HSI), and cannabis (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test, CAST). We found that 92.1% of teens use video games and 17.7% have a problematic use of video games (PUVG). Furthermore, results show that substance consumption seems frequent with 19.8 and 8.3% of participants having hazardous alcohol and cannabis consumptions respectively and 5.2% having a moderate to high tobacco dependence. Video gamers consumed significantly more alcohol and gamers with PUVG started their substance consumption (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) earlier. PUVG was found to be negatively correlated to age at first substance consumption, but positively correlated to the time spent playing video games. However, it was not correlated to risks of substance dependence (scores of AUDIT-C, HSI, and CAST). Finally, our results are consistent with the literature, in regard to frequency of substance use and use of video games in adolescence. These data will allow for a better consideration of prevention strategies and future care in this particular field.

O afeto no pensamento clínico de André Green / Affection in André Greens clinical thought / El afecto en el pensamiento clínico de André Green

André Green instala os fundamentos de seu pensamento sobre o afeto a partir de uma crítica nocional dos textos freudianos e pós-freudianos, mostrando, assim, sua preocupação em se inscrever numa história, sem deixar de insistir no aspecto estrutural da questão. Procura, também, propor uma alternativa ao modelo lacaniano, explorando os recursos consecutivos à exclusão, por Lacan, do afeto no seio de sua teoria. As autoras retomam os principais componentes do afeto segundo Green, em particular seu aspecto insconsciente, para em seguida mostrar que seu trabalho de pensamento clínico lhe permite precisar o funcionamento do afeto. Foram escolhidos três exemplos importantes no pensamento clínico de André Green: a alucinação negativa da mãe, a paixão e os estados de indiscriminação afeto/representação.

André Green establishes the foundations of his thoughts on affection from a critique of the notions of Freudian and Post-Freudian texts, showing, as such, his concern in fitting into a story, while insisting on the structural aspect of the matter. He also proposes an alternative to the Lacanian model, exploring the resources consecutive to the exclusion, by Lacan, of affection in the heart of his theory. The authors resume the main components of affection according to Green, specially its unconscious aspect, in order to show that his work in clinical thought allows him to specify the functioning of affection. Three important examples of André Green's clinical thought were chosen: the mother's negative hallucination, passion and the cases of indiscrimination of affection/representation.

André Green instala los fundamentos de su pensamiento sobre el afecto a partir de una crítica nocional de los textos freudianos y pos freudianos, mostrando, de esta forma, su preocupación para inscribirse en una historia, sin dejar de insistir en el aspecto estructural del tema. Busca también proponer una alternativa al modelo lacaniano, explotando los recursos posteriores a la exclusión, por Lacan, del afecto en el seno de su teoría. Las autoras retoman los principales componentes del afecto de acuerdo con Green, en particular su aspecto inconsciente, para, en seguida, mostrar que su trabajo de pensamiento clínico le permite precisar el funcionamiento del afecto. Fueron escogidos tres ejemplos importantes en el pensamiento clínico de André Green: la alucinación negativa de la madre, la pasión y los estados de indiscriminación afecto/representación.

[Patients on dialysis and the psychological aging process]. / Patient dialysé et processus de vieillissement psychique.

In reference to psychopathology, the authors highlight several indicators of the aging dialysed patient's psychological functioning. The aim of this work is to extract some indicators in order to help these patients to experience a pleasant aging, in spite of a difficult disease state, constraining care and the presence of several side effects.