Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the occipital condyle: a case study and a brief review of the literature.

We present a case study of a 5-year-old patient, who presented with left-sided torticollis. Due to persistence of problems, a CT and an MRI were made showing a single osteolytic lesion centred on right occipital condyle. After an open biopsy, histology confirmed it to be Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Torticollis or restricted range of motion is a presenting feature in 76% of children with LCH with cervical involvement. There remains much debate on the best treatment strategy. The clinical and radiological outcomes of the case study presented on this article support the treatment of LCH with chemotherapy in cases with solitary involvement of the occipital condyle.

Evidence for a differential interference of noise in sub-lexical and lexical reading routes in healthy participants and dyslexics.

The ineffective exclusion of surrounding noise has been proposed to underlie the reading deficits in developmental dyslexia. However, previous studies supporting this hypothesis focused on low-level visual tasks, providing only an indirect link of noise interference on reading processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of noise on regular, irregular, and pseudoword reading in 23 dyslexic children and 26 age- and IQ-matched controls, by applying the white noise displays typically used to validate this theory to a lexical decision task. Reading performance and eye movements were measured. Results showed that white noise did not consistently affect dyslexic readers more than typical readers. Noise affected more dyslexic than typical readers in terms of reading accuracy, but it affected more typical than dyslexic readers in terms of response time and eye movements (number of fixations and regressions). Furthermore, in typical readers, noise affected more the speed of reading of pseudowords than real words. These results suggest a particular impact of noise on the sub-lexical reading route where attention has to be deployed to individual letters. The use of a lexical route would reduce the effect of noise. A differential impact of noise between words and pseudowords may therefore not be evident in dyslexic children if they are not yet proficient in using the lexical route. These findings indicate that the type of reading stimuli and consequent reading strategies play an important role in determining the effects of noise interference in reading processing and should be taken into account by further studies.

Visual Perception and Reading: New Clues to Patterns of Dysfunction Across Multiple Visual Channels in Developmental Dyslexia.

Purpose: The specificity of visual channel impairment in dyslexia has been the subject of much controversy. The purpose of this study was to determine if a differential pattern of impairment can be verified between visual channels in children with developmental dyslexia, and in particular, if the pattern of deficits is more conspicuous in tasks where the magnocellular-dorsal system recruitment prevails. Additionally, we also aimed at investigating the association between visual perception thresholds and reading. Methods: In the present case-control study, we compared perception thresholds of 33 children diagnosed with developmental dyslexia and 34 controls in a speed discrimination task, an achromatic contrast sensitivity task, and a chromatic contrast sensitivity task. Moreover, we addressed the correlation between the different perception thresholds and reading performance, as assessed by means of a standardized reading test (accuracy and fluency). Group comparisons were performed by the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's rho was used as a measure of correlation. Results: Results showed that, when compared to controls, children with dyslexia were more impaired in the speed discrimination task, followed by the achromatic contrast sensitivity task, with no impairment in the chromatic contrast sensitivity task. These results are also consistent with the magnocellular theory since the impairment profile of children with dyslexia in the visual threshold tasks reflected the amount of magnocellular-dorsal stream involvement. Moreover, both speed and achromatic thresholds were significantly correlated with reading performance, in terms of accuracy and fluency. Notably, chromatic contrast sensitivity thresholds did not correlate with any of the reading measures. Conclusions: Our evidence stands in favor of a differential visual channel deficit in children with developmental dyslexia and contributes to the debate on the pathophysiology of reading impairments.

O psicólogo diante da demanda escolar: concepções e práticas no estado de Minas Gerais / The psychologist in face of the school demands: conceptions and practices in the state of Minas Gerais

Este artigo consiste no relato parcial de uma pesquisa interinstitucional, cujo objetivo é identificar e analisar concepções e práticas desenvolvidas por psicólogos alocados nas Secretarias de Educação da rede pública, buscando compreender como articulam elementos relacionados às discussões contemporâneas na área de Psicologia Escolar/Educacional. No estado de Minas Gerais, foi realizado um mapeamento em 47 cidades buscando informações sobre os psicólogos que atendessem às demandas escolares. Destas, 21 cidades possuíam psicólogos contratados pelas Secretarias de Educação. Foram localizados 54 profissionais e, destes, apenas 18 psicólogos aceitaram responder a um questionário sobre as práticas desenvolvidas nas Secretarias. Observamos que as atuações relatadas movimentam-se em um contínuo que vai desde ações tradicionais, focando uma intervenção individual, a ações coerentes com uma Psicologia Escolar/Educacional crítica. A caracterização da atuação dos psicólogos mineiros que atuam na educação pública permite-nos refletir sobre a formação dos futuros psicólogos, bem como sobre as efetivas condições de produção das práticas dos psicólogos escolares(AU)

This article consists of a partial report from an interinstitutional survey whose objective is to identify and analyze conceptions and practices developed by psychologists allocated at the Bureau of Education of the public system, searching to understand how elements related to the contemporary discussions in the field of School/Educational Psychology are articulated. In the state of Minas Gerais, a mapping was developed in 47 cities, searching for data on psychologists who fulfilled the school demands. 21 of those cities had psychologists hired by the Bureau of Education. 54 professionals were located, and only 18 of those accepted to answer a questionnaire about the practices developed in the Bureaus. We observed that the reported practices moved in a continuum which varies from traditional actions, focusing on an individual intervention, to actions which are coherent with a critical School/Educational Psychology. The description of the practice of the psychologists from Minas Gerais who work with public education allows us to reflect on the education of future psychologists, as well as on how the effective conditions of production of the practices of school psychologists(AU)

O psicólogo diante da demanda escolar: concepções e práticas no estado de Minas Gerais / The psychologist in face of the school demands: conceptions and practices in the state of Minas Gerais

Este artigo consiste no relato parcial de uma pesquisa interinstitucional, cujo objetivo é identificar e analisar concepções e práticas desenvolvidas por psicólogos alocados nas Secretarias de Educação da rede pública, buscando compreender como articulam elementos relacionados às discussões contemporâneas na área de Psicologia Escolar/Educacional. No estado de Minas Gerais, foi realizado um mapeamento em 47 cidades buscando informações sobre os psicólogos que atendessem às demandas escolares. Destas, 21 cidades possuíam psicólogos contratados pelas Secretarias de Educação. Foram localizados 54 profissionais e, destes, apenas 18 psicólogos aceitaram responder a um questionário sobre as práticas desenvolvidas nas Secretarias. Observamos que as atuações relatadas movimentam-se em um contínuo que vai desde ações tradicionais, focando uma intervenção individual, a ações coerentes com uma Psicologia Escolar/Educacional crítica. A caracterização da atuação dos psicólogos mineiros que atuam na educação pública permite-nos refletir sobre a formação dos futuros psicólogos, bem como sobre as efetivas condições de produção das práticas dos psicólogos escolares.

This article consists of a partial report from an interinstitutional survey whose objective is to identify and analyze conceptions and practices developed by psychologists allocated at the Bureau of Education of the public system, searching to understand how elements related to the contemporary discussions in the field of School/Educational Psychology are articulated. In the state of Minas Gerais, a mapping was developed in 47 cities, searching for data on psychologists who fulfilled the school demands. 21 of those cities had psychologists hired by the Bureau of Education. 54 professionals were located, and only 18 of those accepted to answer a questionnaire about the practices developed in the Bureaus. We observed that the reported practices moved in a continuum which varies from traditional actions, focusing on an individual intervention, to actions which are coherent with a critical School/Educational Psychology. The description of the practice of the psychologists from Minas Gerais who work with public education allows us to reflect on the education of future psychologists, as well as on how the effective conditions of production of the practices of school psychologists.

Abnormal achromatic and chromatic contrast sensitivity in neurofibromatosis type 1.

PURPOSE: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a monogenic disorder with the majority of patients presenting subtle to moderate cognitive impairments. Visuospatial deficits are considered to be one of the hallmark characteristics of their cognitive profile. However, low-level visual processing has not been previously investigated. Our aim was to study contrast perception in these patients to assess the function of early visual areas. METHODS: Contrast sensitivity was tested in 19 children and adolescents with NF1 and 33 control children and adolescents and 12 adults with NF1 and 24 control adults. The tasks used probed two achromatic spatiotemporal frequency channels and chromatic red-green and blue-yellow pathways. RESULTS: Individuals with NF1 showed significant contrast sensitivity deficits for the achromatic higher spatial frequency channel [F(1,83) = 36.1, P < 0.001] and for the achromatic low spatial high temporal (magnocellular) frequency channel [F(1,72) = 8.0, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, individuals with NF1 presented a significant deficit in chromatic red-green (parvocellular) contrast sensitivity (P < 0.01) but not in blue-yellow (koniocelular) sensitivity. The decrease in achromatic sensitivity for higher spatial frequency was observed throughout the visual field, in both central and peripheral locations. In contrast, central contrast sensitivity for the magnocellular-biased condition was relatively preserved and only peripheral sensitivity was affected. Interestingly, the same pattern of deficits was found in both age groups tested. CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed that contrast sensitivity is impaired in patients with NF1, associating for the first time abnormal low-level vision to the cognitive profile of this disorder.

A atuação do psicólogo escolar na rede particular de ensino / The school psychologist's performance in the private teaching network / La actuación del psicólogo escolar en la red de enseñanza privada

Os trabalhos encontrados na literatura recente acerca da atuação do psicólogo escolar focam, predominantemente, o âmbito do ensino público. Assim, este estudo investiga a prática deste profissional na rede particular de ensino, fundamentado em pressupostos qualitativos, sob a perspectiva histórico-cultural. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com doze psicólogos escolares da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Uberlândia/MG e constatamos que a inserção destes no segmento educacional privado reflete, dentre outros fatores, questões históricas relacionadas à constituição da Psicologia Escolar no Brasil, desdobradas na imagem social do psicólogo escolar. As modalidades de trabalho desenvolvidas pelos participantes deste estudo são predominantemente tradicionais, sustentadas por uma formação que revela uma tendência ao ecletismo teórico e dificuldades na apropriação dos avanços científicos mais recentes da área. O estudo aponta a necessidade de um maior investimento das instituições formadoras e dos profissionais atuantes, para ampliar o campo de atuação do psicólogo escolar e possibilitar práticas emancipatórias.(AU)

Recent studies relating to the performance of school psychologists have focused predominantly on public teaching. In this study we investigate school psychologists working in the private teaching system. We base our work on qualitative assumptions, within a historical-cultural perspective. For this, we carried out semi-structured interviews with twelve school psychologists of private schools from Uberlandia, in the state of Minas Gerais. Results show that the insertion of these psychologists in the private educational system reflects, among other factors, historical issues related to the constitution of School Psychology in Brazil, which, in its turn reveals the professional´s social image. The works developed by these professionals are predominantly traditional, tending to a theoretical eclecticism, revealing difficulties in the appropriation of more recent contribution in the area. The study points to the need of a greater investment from Educational institutions as well as the necessity of school psychologists to broaden their field of performance.(AU)

Los trabajos encontrados en literatura reciente sobre la actuación del psicólogo escolar enfocan, predominantemente, el ámbito de la enseñanza pública. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la práctica de este profesional en la red de enseñanza privada, fundamentado en supuestos cualitativos, bajo la perspectiva histórico-cultural. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con doce psicólogos escolares de la red de enseñanza privada de la ciudad de Uberlândia/MG y constatamos que su inserción en el segmento educacional privado refleja, entre otros factores, cuestiones históricas relacionadas a la constitución de la Psicología Escolar en Brasil, desplegadas en la imagen social del psicólogo escolar. Las modalidades de trabajo desarrolladas por los participantes de este estudio son predominantemente tradicionales, sustentadas por una formación que revela una tendencia al eclecticismo teórico y dificultades en la apropiación de los avances científicos más recientes del área. El estudio indica la necesidad de mayor inversión de las instituciones formadoras y de los profesionales actuantes, para ampliar el campo de actuación del psicólogo escolar y posibilitar prácticas emancipadoras.(AU)

A atuação do psicólogo escolar na rede particular de ensino / The school psychologist's performance in the private teaching network / La actuación del psicólogo escolar en la red de enseñanza privada

Os trabalhos encontrados na literatura recente acerca da atuação do psicólogo escolar focam, predominantemente, o âmbito do ensino público. Assim, este estudo investiga a prática deste profissional na rede particular de ensino, fundamentado em pressupostos qualitativos, sob a perspectiva histórico-cultural. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com doze psicólogos escolares da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Uberlândia/MG e constatamos que a inserção destes no segmento educacional privado reflete, dentre outros fatores, questões históricas relacionadas à constituição da Psicologia Escolar no Brasil, desdobradas na imagem social do psicólogo escolar. As modalidades de trabalho desenvolvidas pelos participantes deste estudo são predominantemente tradicionais, sustentadas por uma formação que revela uma tendência ao ecletismo teórico e dificuldades na apropriação dos avanços científicos mais recentes da área. O estudo aponta a necessidade de um maior investimento das instituições formadoras e dos profissionais atuantes, para ampliar o campo de atuação do psicólogo escolar e possibilitar práticas emancipatórias.

Recent studies relating to the performance of school psychologists have focused predominantly on public teaching. In this study we investigate school psychologists working in the private teaching system. We base our work on qualitative assumptions, within a historical-cultural perspective. For this, we carried out semi-structured interviews with twelve school psychologists of private schools from Uberlandia, in the state of Minas Gerais. Results show that the insertion of these psychologists in the private educational system reflects, among other factors, historical issues related to the constitution of School Psychology in Brazil, which, in its turn reveals the professional´s social image. The works developed by these professionals are predominantly traditional, tending to a theoretical eclecticism, revealing difficulties in the appropriation of more recent contribution in the area. The study points to the need of a greater investment from Educational institutions as well as the necessity of school psychologists to broaden their field of performance.

Los trabajos encontrados en literatura reciente sobre la actuación del psicólogo escolar enfocan, predominantemente, el ámbito de la enseñanza pública. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la práctica de este profesional en la red de enseñanza privada, fundamentado en supuestos cualitativos, bajo la perspectiva histórico-cultural. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con doce psicólogos escolares de la red de enseñanza privada de la ciudad de Uberlândia/MG y constatamos que su inserción en el segmento educacional privado refleja, entre otros factores, cuestiones históricas relacionadas a la constitución de la Psicología Escolar en Brasil, desplegadas en la imagen social del psicólogo escolar. Las modalidades de trabajo desarrolladas por los participantes de este estudio son predominantemente tradicionales, sustentadas por una formación que revela una tendencia al eclecticismo teórico y dificultades en la apropiación de los avances científicos más recientes del área. El estudio indica la necesidad de mayor inversión de las instituciones formadoras y de los profesionales actuantes, para ampliar el campo de actuación del psicólogo escolar y posibilitar prácticas emancipadoras.

Insalubridade ambiental e aspectos sociais associados a patógenos intestinais isolados de dípteros / Unhealthy environment and social aspects associated with intestinal pathogens isolated of dipteral

A área do entorno do aterro sanitário do município de Feira de Santana, na Bahia, em 2007, foi avaliada por meio do diagnóstico das condições sanitárias, ambientais, sociais e a suscetibilidade dos moradores com a presença de patógenos intestinais isolados de dípteros. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de abordagem quali-quantitativa, do tipo ecológico, transversal, de comparação espacial e tendência temporal. Foram isolados, dos 10.987 dípteros coletados, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, protozoários e helmintos. As condições sanitárias e ambientais verificadas na área são determinantes para os dípteros agirem como vetores urbanos de micro-organismos patogênicos, por meio de contaminação cruzada, como também a falta de alguns serviços básicos de saneamento e as atitudes errôneas da população mantêm microambientes que favorecem o ciclo biológico destes insetos, independentemente do aterro.

The area around the landfill of Feira de Santana municipality, in Bahia, in 2007, was assessed by the diagnosis of health sanitary, environmental, and social conditions, and the residents' susceptibility with the presence of intestinal pathogens isolated from flies. This is an epidemiological study of qualitative and quantitative approach of ecological and cross-sectional type, of space comparison, and time tendency. From the 10,987 flies collected, Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, protozoa and helminths were isolated. The sanitary and environmental conditions found in the area are determinative for flies to act as urban vectors of pathogens through cross-contamination, but also the lack of some basic sanitation services and wrong attitudes of the population keep microenvironments that favor the biological cycle of these insects, regardless the landfill.

A Comparison of white and African American outcomes from a three-arm, randomized, phase III multicenter trial of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of race on the efficacy and safety of standard chemotherapy doublet regimens in African American patients, we conducted a subgroup analysis of a phase III randomized trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chemonaïve patients with a performance status of 0 or 1 and stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer were randomized to arm A: gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin area under the curve 5.5 on day 1; arm B: the same schedule of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 on day 1; or arm C: paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on day 1 plus carboplatin area under the curve 6.0 on day 1. Cycles were repeated every 21 days up to 6. A site selection tool identified institutions with potential to recruit a minority population. Outcome and toxicity data of white and African American patients were compared. RESULTS: Of 1135 total patients, 972 were white (85.6%) and 138 were African American (12.2%). Median survival was 8.3 months for white patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.7-9.3) and 9.1 months for African American patients (95% CI: 8.2-11.1). Response rates were 29.1 and 29.0%, respectively. Rates of grade 3 or 4 toxicities were comparable. Among African Americans, median survival was 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.1-10.1) for gemcitabine-carboplatin (n = 47), 10.5 months (95% CI: 7.1-15.4) for gemcitabine-paclitaxel (n = 42), and 10.2 months (95% CI: 8.5-13.2) for paclitaxel-carboplatin (n = 49). CONCLUSION: Whites and African Americans had similar outcomes, although there was some variability in survival among African Americans across the three treatment groups.

O início das vivências escolares: contribuições da obra do psicanalista D. W. Winnicott / The beginnig of school experience: contributions based on D. W. Winnicott writings

Este trabalho trata de algumas contribuições da teoria psicanalítica de D. W. Winnicott para a educação de crianças pequenas, especialmente no início do processo de escolarização. Buscou-se refletir sobre como a participação das crianças em instituições destinadas à educação infantil tem sido uma oportunidade importante de extensão da instituição familiar para outros agrupamentos sociais mais amplos, destacando-se algumas idéias do autor relacionadas a essa transição e a importâcia do papel do professor no amadurecimento emocional da criança...(AU)

Influence of the cerebrospinal fluid laboratory parameters in the ELISA test for neurocysticercosis using a total cysticerci antigen.

To evaluate if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters may influence the cysticercosis immunoreactivity response in the CSF. CSF samples of 109 patients were analyzed and classified in three groups, according to the neurological manifestations and the reactivity in antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA) testing in CSF for neurocysticercosis (NC): group A, 18 patients with neurological disorders compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC; group B, 50 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA for NC; group C, 41 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and non-reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC. The CSF analysis in group A was compatible with NC. The group B in comparison to the groups A and C presents higher frequency and intensity of hypercytosis, presence of red blood cells in CSF, protein concentration and immunological reactive test for other etiological agents (p<0.05). Based on the present data, we suggest that the inflammatory process and high protein concentration may determine false positive reactions in the Ab-ELISA test for NC in the CSF.

Influence of the cerebrospinal fluid laboratory parameters in the ELISA test for neurocysticercosis using a total cysticerci antigen

Avaliar se os parâmetros do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) podem influenciar na reatividade da resposta imune específica do LCR na neurocisticercose (NC). Amostras de LCR de 109 pacientes foram analisadas e classificadas em três grupos, de acordo com as manifestações neurológicas e reatividade do teste de Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR. Grupo A, 18 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas compatíveis com NC e reatividade do teste Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR; grupo B, 50 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas não compatíveis com NC e reatividade do teste Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR; grupo C, 41 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas não compatíveis com NC e na ausência de reatividade do teste de Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR. A análise do LCR do grupo A foi compatível com NC. O grupo B apresentou maior freqüência e intensidade da pleocitose, da presença de hemácias no LCR, hiperproteinorraquia, reatividade imune para outros agentes etiológicos em comparação aos grupos A e C (p<0.05). Os dados indicam que o processo inflamatório e os elevados níveis de concentração da proteína no LCR podem influenciar na ocorrência de reações falso positivas de Ab-ELISA para NC. Destacamos a importância da correlação clínico-laboratorial para o diagnóstico de neurocisticercose e o uso de testes laboratoriais confirmatórios.

Urodynamic effect of intravesical resiniferatoxin in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity of spinal origin: results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To access by a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial the effect of intravesical resiniferatoxin on the urodynamic parameters of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) of spinal origin. METHODS: Twenty eight patients with spinal NDO were randomised to receive intravesically 50 nM resiniferatoxin dissolved in 10% ethanol in saline (RTX group) or only the vehicle solution (placebo group). Filling cystometries were obtained in each patient at 1 month and 1 week before and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. In a visual analog scale patients were asked to estimate the discomfort induced by treatment. Patients were also persuaded to fill a micturition chart during the 3 days preceding each cystometry. RESULTS: The RTX and placebo groups were homogeneous in what respects the volume to first involuntary detrusor contraction (FDC, 143+/-95 ml and 115+/-58 ml, respectively, p=0.3) and maximal cystometric capacity (MCC, 189+/-99 ml and 198+/-111 ml, respectively, p=0.8). At the end of the study, mean FDC and MCC in the RTX group, 184+/-93 ml and 314+/-135 ml, respectively were significantly higher than in the placebo group, 115+/-61 ml (p=0.03) and 204+/-92 ml (p=0.02). In the visual analogue scale discomfort caused by treatment was similar. Only 10 patients in the RTX group and 6 patients in the placebo group completed adequately the micturition chart. Mean frequency and urinary incontinence decreased significantly only in the RTX group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical RTX is effective in increasing bladder capacity in spinal NDO patients. Such increment might contribute to decrease urinary frequency and incontinence of these patients.

Bladder C-fiber desensitization induces a long-lasting improvement of BPH-associated storage LUTS: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of bladder C-fiber desensitization on BPH-associated storage LUTS. METHODS: Twelve patients with predominant BPH-associated storage LUTS gave written informed consent to enter the study. IPSS and QoL scores, micturition chart, uroflowmetry, cystometry and post-void residual (PVR) were obtained at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after a single intravesical administration of 50 nM resiniferatoxin (RTX) solution. RESULTS: Mean IPSS score decreased from 20.1 +/- 6.0 to 10.5 +/- 4.4 at 1 month (p = 0.0001), to 10.3 +/- 4.4 at 3 months (p = 0.00001) and to 9.8 +/- 5.7 at 6 months (p < 0.00001). Mean QoL score decreased from 4.5 +/- 1 to 2.5 +/- 1 at 1 month (p = 0.0001), to 2.3 +/- 1 at 3 months (p = 0.0004) and to 2.6 +/- 1.2 at 6 months (p = 0.0003). Mean urinary frequency decreased from 15.2 +/- 8.5 to 10.8 +/- 7.3 at 1 month (p = 0.0002), to 10.2 +/- 4.9 at 3 months (p = 0.002) and to 11.7 +/- 9.2 at 6 months (p = 0.005). Urge incontinence, which was present in six cases, disappeared in 4 patients and decreased to less than half in the other two. Mean first desire to void and maximal cystometric capacity increased significantly after RTX whereas uroflowmetry and PVR were not altered. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical desensitization of bladder C fibres with intravesical RTX might be useful in the treatment of patients with predominant BPH associated storage LUTS.

Entrevistas em psicologia escolar: reflexões sobre o ensino e a prática / Interviews in school psychology: thoughts on teaching and practice

A entrevista é um instrumento bastante utilizado no trabalho do psicólogo escolar, mas existem poucos estudos sobre essa técnica dirigidos exatamente a esse público, principalmente como subsídio para estagiários, pois a entrevista é mais identificada com a área clínica ou com contextos de pesquisa. Este artigo discute a relevância do ensino da entrevista em psicologia escolar e procura abordar aspectos que, efetivamente, colaborem para a reflexão acerca dessa técnica e o seu manejo (AU)

Entrevistas em psicologia escolar: reflexões sobre o ensino e a prática / Interviews in school psychology: thoughts on teaching and practice

A entrevista é um instrumento bastante utilizado no trabalho do psicólogo escolar, mas existem poucos estudos sobre essa técnica dirigidos exatamente a esse público, principalmente como subsídio para estagiários, pois a entrevista é mais identificada com a área clínica ou com contextos de pesquisa. Este artigo discute a relevância do ensino da entrevista em psicologia escolar e procura abordar aspectos que, efetivamente, colaborem para a reflexão acerca dessa técnica e o seu manejo

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of a pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive dysontogenetic tumor of childhood. We report the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study performed on a case of PPB in a 3-year-old-boy. The tumor was characterized by several chromosomal imbalances. Gains observed affected regions: 1q12-q23, 3q23-qter, 8pter-q24.1, 9p13-q21, 17p12-p11, 17q11-q22, 17q23-q25, 19pter-p11, and 19q11-q13.3. Whole chromosome gains were detected at 2 and 7. Loss of genetic material was found at regions: 6q13-qter, 10pter-p13, 10q22-qter, and 20p13. To our knowledge, there have been no CGH reports on PPB, but it is interesting to note that 1) the alterations found confirm previous cytogenetic reports describing gains of chromosomes 2 and 8 as recurrent abnormalities in this type of tumor, suggesting that a gene or genes of putative relevance in PPB pathogenesis are mapped at 8p11-p12, and 2) the CGH profile of this case is very similar to those observed in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, in which gains of 2 or 2q, 7 or 7q, and 8 or 8p and loss of 10q22-qter are consistently found. This finding supports the hypothesis that PPB may be tumorigenetically related with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

The effect of intravesical resiniferatoxin in patients with idiopathic detrusor instability suggests that involuntary detrusor contractions are triggered by C-fiber input.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the role of bladder C-fiber input in involuntary detrusor activity in patients with idiopathic detrusor instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filling cystometry and a voiding chart were done in 13 patients with idiopathic detrusor instability. The first detrusor contraction, maximal cystometric capacity, daily frequency and the number of episodes of urinary incontinence were determined. A 50 nM. solution of resiniferatoxin, a specific C-fiber neurotoxin, was then instilled in the bladder for 30 minutes. Patients were reevaluated 30 and 90 days later. RESULTS: Resiniferatoxin instillation delayed or suppressed involuntary detrusor contractions during filling cystometry. The mean first detrusor contraction plus or minus standard deviation increased from 170 +/- 109 ml. at baseline to 440 +/- 130 ml. (p = 0.0001) at 30 days and to 391 +/- 165 ml. (p = 0.008) at 90 days. Mean maximal cystometric capacity increased from 291 +/- 160 to 472 +/- 139 ml. (p = 0.01) at 30 days and to 413 +/- 153 ml. (p = 0.1) at 90 days. The mean number of episodes of urinary incontinence daily decreased from 4.3 +/- 2.7 to 0.9 +/- 2.7 (p = 0.001) at 30 days and to 0.7 +/- 0.9 (p = 0.009) at 90 days. Mean frequency daily also decreased from 12 +/- 3.2 to 9.7 +/- 3.2 (p = 0.003) and to 9.9 +/- 3.5 (p = 0.001) times at the same time points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: C-fiber input seems to have an important role in the generation of involuntary detrusor contractions and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with idiopathic detrusor instability. Substances that block C-fiber input may represent a new strategy for treating this bladder dysfunction.

A função da escola e as intercorrências no processo de aprendizagem

Este trabalho apresenta entrelaçamentos de questões escolare e psicológicas, bem como contribuições introdutórias de D.W.Winnicott relacionadas ao aprendizado e à função da escola no desenvolvimento pessoal dos alunos(AU)