Remoção de fresa odontológica alojada em seio maxilar: relato de caso / Removal of dental burr localized in the maxillary sinus: case report

Introdução: O seio maxilar é um dos seios paranasais, constituído por cavidade óssea preenchida de ar, localizado bilateralmente na maxila, próximo a região dos dentes posteriores. Dada sua localização, morfologia e fisiologia, o assoalho desse seio possui íntima relação com as raízes dos dentes posteriores. Essa estrutura possui uma membrana de revestimento e que pode ser acometida em processos de exodontia de dentes posteriores no qual existe uma relação de proximidade muito evidenciada. O alvéolo pode tornar-se uma via de comunicação entre cavidade oral e seio maxilar. Relato de Caso: O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever o relato de caso de um paciente que foi encaminhado à clínica de cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial para remoção de um fresa alojada no interior do seio maxilar direito que se deslocou durante ato de odontossecção do dente 26. A remoção do fragmento foi realizada pelo alvéolo onde, inicialmente, foi realizada a cirurgia de exodontia. O paciente em questão apresentou evolução satisfatória com ausências de sinais e sintomas de complicações relacionadas ao corpo estranho. Considerações Finais: conhecer a história é fundamental na conduta de tais casos, assim como investigar as possíveis queixas relacionadas ao quadro, por exemplo, os sinais e sintomas de uma sinusite maxilar... (AU)

Introduction: The maxillary sinus is one of the paranasal sinuses, constituted by a bone cavity filled with air, located bilaterally in the maxilla, close to the region of the posterior teeth. Given its location, morphology and physiology, the floor of this sinus is closely related to the roots of the posterior teeth. This structure has a lining membrane and can be affected in processes of extraction of posterior teeth in which there is a very evident relationship of proximity. The alveolus can become a communication route between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. Case Report: The purpose of this paper is to describe the case report of a patient who was referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic for removal of a dental burr located inside the right maxillary sinus that was displaced during the tooth 26 extraction. Removal of the fragment was performed through the socket where, initially, extraction surgery was performed. The patient in question presented a satisfactory evolution with no signs and symptoms of complications related. Final considerations: knowing the history is important in management of these cases, as well as investigating possible complaints related to the condition, for example the signs and symptoms of a maxillary sinusitis... (AU)

What is the preferred concentration of ethanolamine oleate for sclerotherapy of oral vascular anomalies?

BACKGROUND: This study compared three different concentrations of EO (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) for the treatment of oral vascular anomalies (OVAs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective comparative analysis of patients with OVAs treated with EO. Anomalies smaller than 20 mm were included. The patients were treated with 1.25% (G1), 2.5% (G2), and 5% (G3) and clinical data were obtained. The number of sessions, the final volume and dose of EO were statistically analyzed to verify effectiveness and safety of the treatment. The different concentrations of EO were compared considering the number of sessions, the final volume and total dose of EO. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the influence of covariates on the outcomes. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Nineteen women and 11 men with a median age of 54 years were included. The OVAs were most frequent in the lip (n = 14) and cheek (n = 9). All lesions exhibited complete clinical healing within 28 days. Patients of G3 required fewer sessions than those of G2 (p = 0.017), a lower final volume compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), and a lower total dose than G1 (p < 0.001). Patients of G1 used a lower total dose than G2 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of 5% EO performed better than 1.25% and 2.5% for sclerotherapy of OVAs measuring up to 20 mm. This preliminary result should be the preferred concentration of EO to provide an effective and safe treatment of OVAs

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Experience with 5% ethanolamine oleate for sclerotherapy of oral vascular anomalies: A cohort of 15 consecutive patients.

PURPOSE: To describe the effectiveness and safety of a sclerotherapy protocol with 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) at 0.1 mL/3 mm for oral vascular anomalies (OVAs). Our hypothesis is that EO applied at a concentration of 5% may decrease the number of sessions necessary for clinical healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe a cohort of 15 consecutive patients. OVAs <20 mm were included. Clinical data of the OVAs were collected. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 19 OVAs were varicosities and the lower lip was the most affected site (n = 7). The median size was 6 mm, and one session was required in 89.5% of cases for clinical healing within 28 days. The pain/burning score was low (<2) for most lesions (63.1%) and the degree of satisfaction was high (>8) for all OVAs. The number of applications, final volume of drug and time to resolution differed significantly according to the size of the anomaly. CONCLUSION: The protocol with 5% EO was shown to be effective and safe to treat OVAs <20 mm, and with a decrease in the number of sessions, volume and time to resolution, without complications and with high patient satisfaction.

Avaliação do tratamento de malformações vasculares benignas de baixo fluxo por meio de escleroterapia com oleato de monoetanolamina / Treatment of benign vascular lesions by sclerotherapy with oleate monoethanolamine

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança do agente esclerosante oleato de monoetanolamina (OM) em concentrações de 1,25%, 2,5%, 5% e na forma de espuma em estudo clínico prospectivo descritivo, no tratamento de malformações vasculares benignas (MVBs), na região de cabeça e pescoço. Na primeira fase, tratou-se 34 pacientes portadores de 36 MVBs menores que 20mm que procuram o serviço de Patologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. Estes pacientes receberam protocolo de tratamento com aplicação de OM nas concentrações de 1,25% (n=10), 2,5% (n=9) descritos por Johann et al(2005) e 5% (n=19) nas doses 1ml/cm, 1ml/cm e 0,1ml/3mm respectivamente...

Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect mimicking a mandibular cystic lesion.

An unusual presentation of a focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD) of the mandible mimicking a cystic lesion is documented. A definitive diagnosis could be established only on the basis of the histopathologic evaluation. A 66-year-old Brazilian woman was referred by her dentist for well-defined radiolucency of the mandibular molar region suggesting a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin. The computed tomography scan confirmed that the lesion did not affect the corticals. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of FOBMD. The diagnostic difficulty in the current case is obvious, because FOBMD, usually exhibiting an ill-defined radiolucency, is seldom suspected preoperatively when a differential diagnosis is considered for focal well-defined radiolucent areas in the jaws.

Accidents and complications associated to third molar surgeries performed by dentistry students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the accidents and complications rates on third molars surgeries performed by senior dentistry students. METHODS: A retrospective study of 122 patient charts submitted to third molars surgeries was done. Patient age, gender, dental in arch position, and accidents/complications were considered with the charts presenting incomplete dates being excluded from the study. After all, 88 patients (210 surgeries) were included. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were female (70.4 %), with the average age of 24 years. Mandibular molars represented more than half of the surgical procedures (56.2 %), with teeth at vertical position the most found (60.3 %). The cases of accidents and complications totalized 10.4 % of all performed procedures, being hemorrhage (1.9 %), root fractures (1.9 %), and maxillary tuberosity fracture (1.9 %) the most found. Suture dehiscence (1.4 %), dry socket (1.4 %), oroantral communications (0.9 %), paresthesia (0.9 %), and infection (0.4 %) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons' inexperience was not considered a determinant factor to modify the rates of accidents and complications at third molars surgeries when compared to previous works developed by experienced surgeons. It is important to highlight the necessity of the students' knowledge of the most adequate treatments of each of the accidents and complications.

Oral myiasis in an elderly patient.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by eggs or maggots of flies of the order of Diptera. It occurs mainly in the Tropics and is associated with inadequate public and personal hygiene. Oral myiases in an older man appears to be rare. OBJECTIVE: To relate a case of oral myiases in a debilitated older man treated by mechanical removal of the maggots, identifying the adult insect that caused the infestation. METHODS: The diagnosis of oral myiasis was established by the clinical examination and it was detected that the infestation involved only soft tissue and the sinus cavity. The patient was submitted to two mechanical removal of the visible maggots. RESULTS: Total of 110 maggots was removed from the oral cavity of the patient and adult insects was identified as belonging to the Calliphoridae Family, Cochliomyia hominivorax species. The patient died two days after the second procedure by severe systemic complications. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanic removal and the identification of the maggots must be adopted as soon as possible to prevent further tissue damage and bacterial infection in cases of oral myiasis. Special attention should be given to the debilitated old patients that are particularly susceptible to oral myiasis infestation.

Bite force, electromyography, and mandible mobility during the 6-month period after surgical treatment for isolated fractures of the zygomatico-orbital complex.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the behavior of masticatory muscles after fractures of the zygomatico-orbital complex (ZOC) and subsequent surgical treatment, by using analyses of bite force, electromyography (EMG), and mandible mobility during a 6-month period after surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Five patients with fractured ZOCs treated surgically by using an intraoral approach and fixation exclusively in the region of the zygomaticomaxillary buttress were evaluated. The control group included 12 other patients. During postoperative follow-up, bite force, mandible mobility, and EMG analysis of the masticatory muscles were evaluated. RESULTS: There was an increase in bite force with time, but a decline in EMG activity during the same period. In the mandible mobility analysis, only maximum mouth-opening values increased significantly after the surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The masticatory musculature, according to bite force and EMG, returned to its normal condition by the second month after surgery, and maximum mouth opening was observed after the first month.

Acidentes e complicações associadas à cirurgia dos terceiros molares realizada por alunos de odontologia / Accidents and complications associated to third molar surgeries performed by dentistry students

O objetivo deste artigo é o de demonstrar as taxas de acidentes e complicações nas cirurgias de terceiros molares realizadas por alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. METODOLOGIA: a análise retropectiva do prontuário de 122 pacientes submetidos à extração dos terceiros molares foi realizada. A idade dos pacientes, o gênero, a posição do dente no arco e os acidentes e complicações decorrentes das cirurgias foram considerados. Prontuários com dados incompletos foram excluídos do estudo. Do total, 88 pacientes foram incluídos, totalizando 210 extrações. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino (70,47%), com idade média de 24 anos. Os molares inferiores corresponderam a mais da metade dos procedimentos cirúrgicos (56,2%), senda a posição vertical (60,37%) a mais encontrada. Os casos de acidentes e/ou complicações totalizaram 10,47% dos procedimentos, sendo a hemorragia (2,38%), as fraturas radiculares (1,90%) e as fraturas da tuberosidade maxilar (1,90%) as mais encontradas. Outros acidentes/complicações encontrados foram deiscência de sutura (1,45%), comunicação buco-sinusal (0,95%), parestesia (0,95%), alveolite (0,47%) e infecção (0,47%). CONCLUSÕES: a inexperiência do cirurgião não pôde ser considerada como um fator determinante para o aumento das taxas de acidentes e complicações em exodontias dos terceiros molares, tendo em vista a semelhança dos resultados deste trabalho com estudos desenvolvidos por cirurgiões experientes. É importante salientar a necessidade do conhecimento por parte dos alunos dos tratamentos mais adequados para os diferentes acidentes e complicações encontradas.

The aim of this work is to demonstrate accidents and complications rates on third molars surgeries performed by senior dentistry students. METHODS: a restrospective study of 122 patient charts submitted to third molars surgeries was done. Patient age, gender, dental in arch position, and accidents/complications were considered with the charts presenting incomplete dates being excluded from study. After all, 88 patients (210 surgeries) were included. RESULTS: the majority of the patients were female (70,47%), with average age of 24 years old. Mandibular molars represented more than half of the surgical procedures (56,2%), with teeth at vertical position the most found (60,37%). The cases of accidents and complications totalized 10,47% of all performed procedures, being bleeding (2,38%), root fractures (1,90%) and maxilar tuberosity (1,90%) the most found. Suture dehiscence (1,45%), oro-antral comunications (0,95%), paresthesia (0,95%), alveolitis (0,47%) and infection (0,47%) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: surgeons inexperience was not considered a determinant factor to modify the rates of accidents and complications at third molars surgeries when compared to previous works developed by experienced surgeons. Is important to highlight the necessity of the students knowledge of the most adequate treatments of each of the accidents and complications.

Osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the maxilla and mandible: light and electron microscopic findings.

This report presents a case of osteopetrosis in a 25-year-old male, which was complicated by the development of osteomyelitis in the maxilla and mandible following traumatic injury and tooth extractions. The osteomyelitis in the mandible was refractory to marginal resection and antibiotic therapy. Partial resection with mandible reconstruction was then carried out. Light and backscattered electron scanning microscopy revealed sclerosis of spongy bone and variations in mineral density of the bone matrix. There was also a prominent periosteal bone formation in regions affected by osteomyelitis. An 18-month follow-up showed absence of active infections in the face and oral structures, with a focal area of bone exposure in the right parasymphysis. However, development of anemia and bone marrow deficiency will likely affect prognosis. The importance of preventive oral health care and dental/periodontal managements in osteopetrosis is emphasized.

Clinical, microscopic and imaging findings associated to McCune-Albright syndrome: report of two cases.

McCune-Albright syndrome is characterized by the triad café-au-lait cutaneous spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and endocrinopathies. This article presents two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome in a middle-aged woman and a young girl. Both patients presented café-au-lait spots on the face and other parts of the body and expansion of the mandible with radiopaque-radiolucent areas with ground-glass radiographic appearance, and were diagnosed as having fibrous dysplasia and endocrine disorders. The patient of Case 1 had fibrous dysplasia on the upper and lower limbs, thorax, face and cranium, early puberty, hyperglycemia, hyperthyroidism and high serum alkaline phosphatase levels. The patient of Case 2 presented lesions on the upper limbs and evident endocrine disorders. In both cases presented in this article, the initial exam was made because of the mandibular lesion. However, a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia must lead to investigation of the involvement of other bones, characterizing polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, which is manifested in a number of diseases. An accurate differential diagnosis is mandatory to determine the best treatment approach for each case.

Clinical, microscopic and imaging findings associated to Mccune-Albright syndrome: report of two cases

McCune-Albright syndrome is characterized by the triad café-au-lait cutaneous spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and endocrinopathies. This article presents two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome in a middle-aged woman and a young girl. Both patients presented café-au-lait spots on the face and other parts of the body and expansion of the mandible with radiopaque-radiolucent areas with ground-glass radiographic appearance, and were diagnosed as having fibrous dysplasia and endocrine disorders. The patient of Case 1 had fibrous dysplasia on the upper and lower limbs, thorax, face and cranium, early puberty, hyperglycemia, hyperthyroidism and high serum alkaline phosphatase levels. The patient of Case 2 presented lesions on the upper limbs and evident endocrine disorders. In both cases presented in this article, the initial exam was made because of the mandibular lesion. However, a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia must lead to investigation of the involvement of other bones, characterizing polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, which is manifested in a number of diseases. An accurate differential diagnosis is mandatory to determine the best treatment approach for each case.

A Síndrome de McCune-Albright é caracterizada pela tríade manchas café-com-leite na pele, displasia fibrosa poliostótica e endocrinopatias. Este artigo apresenta dois casos de Síndrome de McCune-Albright em uma mulher de meia idade e em uma menina. Ambos apresentavam manchas café-com-leite na face e em outras partes do corpo, expansão da mandíbula com área radiopaca-radiolúcida com aspecto de vidro despolido na radiografia, com o diagnóstico de displasia fibrosa, e desordens endócrinas. O paciente do Caso 1 apresentava displasia fibrosa nos membros inferiores e superiores, tórax, face e crânio, puberdade precoce, hiperglicemia, hipertireoidismo e elevação da fosfatase alcalina no sangue. O paciente do Caso 2 apresentava lesões nos membros superiores e desordem endócrina evidente. Em ambos os casos apresentados neste artigo, o exame inicial foi realizado devido à lesão mandibular. Contudo, o diagnóstico de displasia fibrosa deve conduzir a pesquisa de envolvimento de outros ossos, caracterizando a displasia fibrosa poliostótica, que se manifesta em um grande número de doenças. O diagnóstico diferencial preciso é fundamental para determinar o tratamento adequado a cada caso.

Endogenous opioids mediate the hypoalgesia induced by selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in rat paws treated with carrageenan.

Mechanical hyperalgesia induced in rat paws by carrageenan (250microg) was modified by pre-treatment with three selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2); celecoxib, rofecoxib and SC236. These inhibitors raised the nociceptive threshold above the normal, non-inflamed, level, inducing a state of hypoalgesia. Such hypoalgesia was observed in different strains of rat (Holtzman, Wistar and Sprague-Dawley) and after different modes of administration of the COX-2 inhibitor (locally, in the paw, or systemically). A selective inhibitor of COX-1 (SC 560; 1-10mg kg(-1)) decreased hyperalgesia but did not induce hypoalgesia. Pre-treatment with naltrexone (3mg kg(-1)), an opioid receptor antagonist, did not affect carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia but abolished the hypoalgesic effects of COX-2 inhibitors, without diminishing the anti-hyperalgesic effect of indomethacin. In rats made tolerant to the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, all anti-nociceptive effects of SC236 were abolished but the anti-hyperalgesic effects of indomethacin or SC 560 were unaffected. We conclude that, in our model of inflammatory hyperalgesia, the anti-nociceptive effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors involved the participation of endogenous opioids.