RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The influence of parents can be an important variable in the development of eating disorders (EDs). However, few studies exist which simultaneously assess parents and their children, especially in different clinical groups. METHODS: Our study examines the differences in ED symptoms as measured on the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), in parents and their children as patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), unspecified eating disorder (UED) and a control group (CG). RESULTS: The mothers in the clinical group scored higher in ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, maturity fears, social insecurity and impulse regulation than the mothers in the control group. The patients’ fathers scored higher on impulse regulation than those in the control group. In addition, the fathers of patients in the BN group scored higher than the fathers of patients in the UED group in body dissatisfaction. They also scored higher in impulse regulation than the fathers of patients with AN. Ineffectiveness and impulse regulation were the variables in which patients’ scores were most similar to their parents. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the presence of ED psychological variables in both parents, not just mothers. Prevention and intervention activities for eating disorders must be designed to also give an active role to the father.
Assuntos
Saúde da Família , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Pais , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The first aim of this study was to determine the power of instructions on the specificity of autobiographical memory as obtained with the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) and the efficacy of cue word criteria selection based on subjective parameters obtained with a standardized lexical program. Results showed a high power of specific instructions in its written version in contrast to non-directed memory recall to the same list of words three weeks later in a counterbalanced repeated measures within-subjects design. This effect was stronger when subjects previously were faced to the non-specific recovery task. Matched word lists using the "Buscapalabras" program (Davis & Perea, 2005) showed a very similar behaviour. These results point out that the same stimuli can be used repeatedly to obtain voluntary and involuntary retrieval with changes at instructional level. Additionally, standardized lexical programs can be employed to adapt cue-words of memory recall systems controlling for subjective differences related to language parameters (frequency, imageability and familiarity)
El principal objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la influencia de las instrucciones en la especificidad de los recuerdos autobiográficos obtenidos mediante el Test de Memoria Autobiográfica (Autobiographical Memory Test; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) y la eficacia de los criterios de selección de palabras clave basados en parámetros subjetivos derivados un programa de léxico estandarizado. Los resultados mostraron una elevada potencia de las instrucciones específicas en la versión escrita en comparación con el recuerdo no dirigido ante la misma lista de palabras repetidas tres semanas más tarde mediante un diseño intrasujeto contrabalanceo de medidas repetidas. Este efecto era mayor cuando los participantes habían realizado en primer lugar la tarea de recuerdo no dirigido. Las diferentes listas de palabras seleccionada mediante el programa Buscapalabras (Davis & Perea, 2005) mostraron resultados similares. Estos resultados señalan que los mismos estímulos pueden utilizarse de forma repetida para obtener recuerdos voluntarios e involuntarios mediante cambios en las instrucciones. Además, los programas léxicos estandarizados pueden emplearse para seleccionar palabras clave que evoquen recuerdos controlando las características subjetivas relacionadas con parámetros del lenguaje (por ejemplo, frecuencia, nivel de abstracción y familiaridad)
