RESUMO
We monitored the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody response in seven dogs and two cats by using two multispecies ELISA tests, plaque reduction neutralisation test and virus neutralization. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in pets persisted up to 10 months since the first positive testing, thus replicating observations in COVID-19 human patients.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19/veterinária , Cães , Humanos , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in an otherwise healthy poodle living with 4 family members who had coronavirus disease. We observed antibodies in serum samples taken from the dog, indicating seroconversion. Full-length genome sequencing showed that the canine and human viruses were identical, suggesting human-to-animal transmission.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver disease in humans including chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), a novel HBV-like hepadnavirus, was identified in domestic cats in 2018. From 6.5 %-10.8 % of pet cats are viremic for DCH and altered serological markers suggestive of liver damage have been identified in 50 % of DCH-infected cats. DCH DNA has been detected in association with characteristic lesions of chronic hepatitis and with hepatocellular carcinoma in cats, suggesting a possible association. In this study longitudinal molecular screening of cats infected with DCH was performed to determine if DCH can cause chronic infections in cats. Upon re-testing of sera from five DCH-positive animals, 2-10 months after the initial diagnosis, three cats tested negative for DCH on two consecutive occasions using quantitative PCR. Two other cats remained DCH-positive, including an 8-month-old female cat re-tested four months after the initial positive result, and a 9-year-old male cat, which tested positive for DCH on six occasions over an 11-month period. The latter had a history of chronic hepatopathy with jaundice, lethargy and elevated serum alanine transaminase levels (ALT). During the period of observation, DCH titers ranged between 1.64 × 105 and 2.09 × 106 DNA copies/mL and ALT was persistently elevated, suggesting chronic infection. DCH DNA was not detected in oral, conjunctival, preputial and rectal swabs from the two animals collected at several time points. Long-term (chronic) infection would be consistent with the relatively high number of viremic cats identified in epidemiological investigations, with the possible association of DCH with chronic hepatic pathologies and with what described with HBV in human patients.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Gatos/virologia , Infecções por Hepadnaviridae/veterinária , Hepadnaviridae/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Genoma Viral , Hepadnaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Hepadnaviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Hepadnaviridae/virologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , ViremiaRESUMO
A case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in an 11-month-old European shorthair cat is reported. The infected cat displayed loss of weight, respiratory distress, ascitis, anemia and died within 15 days after the first appearance of clinical signs. Lesions typical of a mixed form (effusive and non-effusive) of FIP were observed and by RT-PCR a feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I strain was detected in several tissues. The RT-PCR results were confirmed by sequence analysis of the amplified products. Phylogeny carried out on fragments of the M and S genes showed that the FCoV strain segregates with typical type I FCoVs.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Coronavirus Felino/classificação , Peritonite Infecciosa Felina/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Gatos , Coronavirus Felino/genética , Coronavirus Felino/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/análise , Evolução Fatal , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Two genotype-specific fluorogenic RT-PCR assays were developed for the detection and quantitation of canine coronavirus (CCoV) type I and type II RNA in the faeces of dogs with diarrhoea. Both the fluorogenic assays showed high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility, allowing a precise quantitation of CCoV type I and type II RNA over a linear range of about eight orders of magnitude (from 10(1) to 10(8) copies of standard RNA). Comparison with genotype-specific gel-based RT-PCR assays revealed that the fluorogenic assays were more sensitive and more rapid than conventional amplifications, with a large increase in throughput. The genotype-specific fluorogenic assays were then used to detect and measure viral loads in the faecal samples collected from dogs naturally or experimentally infected with type I, type II, or both genotypes. Of 174 samples collected from naturally infected dogs, 77 were positive for CCoV type I and 46 for CCoV type II. Thirty-eight dogs were found to be infected naturally by both genotypes, with viral RNA titres generally higher for type I in comparison to type II. At the same time, dogs infected experimentally shed type I RNA with higher titres with respect to type II.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Coronavirus Canino/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , RNA Viral/análise , Animais , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Coronavirus Canino/genética , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Cães , Fezes/virologia , Fluorescência , Itália , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) strain was isolated from a pup with fatal diarrhea, which had a concurrent infection by canine parvovirus type 2. The reovirus isolate showed an atypical hemagglutination pattern and a retarded electrophoretic mobility of the S1 segment, which is characteristic of MRV type 3 (MRV-3). Assignment of the isolated virus to MRV-3 was confirmed by type-specific RT-PCR assays, targeting the S1 gene, and by subsequent sequence analysis of the PCR product. By phylogeny based on the S1 gene of several MRVs, the isolate fell into lineage E, along with the murine strain T3C9/61 and the bovine strains T3C18/61 and T3C31/59. Conversely, L1 sequences were found to segregate regardless of the viral type. A total of 110 fecal samples, 56 nasal and 31 ocular swabs from dogs with diarrhea or nasal/ocular discharge were tested by a nested-PCR assay specific for reoviruses, and no sample was found to contain MRV RNA, a finding that is apparently in contrast with the seroprevalence (25.77%) observed in dogs.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/virologia , Orthoreovirus de Mamíferos/classificação , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/fisiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/virologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Testes de Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Itália , Orthoreovirus de Mamíferos/genética , Orthoreovirus de Mamíferos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Orthoreovirus de Mamíferos/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Reoviridae/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Alinhamento de Sequência , SorotipagemRESUMO
An outbreak of canine parvovirus type 2 infection caused by the Glu-426 mutant in 2 litters of pups is reported. The infected pups (n = 6) were monitored daily for evidence of clinical signs and hematological changes and for the evaluation of viral shedding in the feces. The disease induced by the Glu-426 mutant was mild in all the infected pups. Vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea were not observed; however, the pups developed mucoid diarrhea (3.5 median days), depression (1.5 median days), and relative leukopenia and lymphopenia (2.5 median days). Fever and loss of appetite were observed only in 2 pups. Virus was detected in the feces for 4.5, 6.5, and 46 median days by hemagglutination, virus isolation on cell cultures, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. By real-time PCR, the highest viral DNA titers were detected in the feces of both litters at day 10, reaching median values of more than 10(10) DNA copies/mg of feces.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/isolamento & purificação , Animais , DNA Viral/química , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Testes de Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mutação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging problem. We studied 71 MRSA strains for the presence of mecA gene by PCR, for the enterotoxins production and susceptibility to antimicrobials. In addition, the suitability of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) and Hypervariable Region (HVR)--PCR as molecular tools for typing MRSA was also tested. All the 71 strains previously found MRSA with conventional methods, presented the gene mec A. By molecular typing five distinct amplicons were found. MRSA with two DRUS were the most common type. RAPD analysis clustered MRSA in 8 groups, three of which were the most common. 26.8% of MRSA produce enterotoxins with a prevalence of type A. MRSA exhibited resistance to all quinolones tested and to gentamycin. Our data suggest that a typing method based on RAPD combined with HVR-PCR may be useful to compare MRSA isolated in a hospital environment, whereas PFGE may be used for further analysis.