Rapid preparation of gastrointestinal nematode eggs from faeces for PCR identification.

Detection of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) as both a qualitative and quantitative test is highly desirable. Methods such as multiplex and qPCR are capable of providing such results, but can be laborious and expensive. This paper presents a rapid, low-cost method of preparing GIN egg from faecal samples that produces DNA suitable for PCR analysis. We also describe a set of primers that are suitable for single-tube multiplex PCR.

Looking for insight: The role of parasite tester opinions in farm management.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections cause millions of dollars of economic loss annually. Increasing cases of anthelmintic resistance have resulted in calls for restricted drug use and implementation of sustainable management practices to slow the rate of resistance. The limited uptake of available management systems and advice has sparked multiple surveys into the psychology and behaviours preventing uptake. These surveys have looked mainly at the farmers, the majority of whom have reported they rely on the advice of their local veterinarian or suppliers for treatment and management. However, there is little research into the psychology of veterinarians and people performing animal health testing on this topic. In the current study, a short survey of people performing faecal egg counts on animals was conducted. The survey focused on identifying areas for improving diagnosis to encourage uptake, and found other areas of interest worth further investigation. Respondents most frequently named manual labour as the main contributor to the cost of testing (65% of respondents) with analysis (42%) and sample preparation (32%) being the main contributors to time. In the survey comments, there was little consistency or commonality in the issues raised. The disparity between onsite and laboratory testers is an area worth investigation, particularly into how to co-ordinate behaviour and advice between proactive farmers and parasitology/veterinary services. Further investigation could provide better insight into how to encourage and maintain sustainable practices on farms.

Investigating a persistent coccidiosis problem on a commercial broiler-breeder farm utilising PCR-coupled capillary electrophoresis.

In the present study, we utilised a polymerase-chain-reaction-coupled capillary electrophoresis (CE) approach to investigate the epidemiology of Eimeria species on a broiler-breeder farm in Victoria, Australia. The Eimeria populations of two flocks vaccinated against coccidiosis were followed over an 11-week period. All seven recognised Eimeria species of chickens were detected in both flocks. One flock suffered increased morbidity and mortality in its eighth week and had consistently higher Eimeria oocyst counts, species prevalences and rates of co-infections. Four Eimeria species included in the vaccine administered occurred at higher prevalences before the disease outbreak in the flock. Using the CE approach, two new, previously undescribed Eimeria genotypes were discovered in both chicken flocks, one of which dominated toward the end of the study period. The molecular approach proved versatile and capable of providing useful epidemiological data which could be used to investigate and interpret coccidiosis outbreaks.