The distinct affect regulation functions of body image flexibility and inflexibility: A prospective study in adolescents and emerging adults.

Body image flexibility and inflexibility are alternative ways of responding to body image threats. Affect regulation offers a framework for understanding how these responses impact health outcomes; however, research in young people is limited. This prospective study tested two potential affect regulation functions in adolescents and emerging adults (N = 351, 66.7% female) via online surveys completed five months apart. Specifically, body image flexibility and inflexibility were tested as (a) direct predictors of adaptive (body appreciation, intuitive eating) and maladaptive (muscle-building strategies, disordered eating) outcomes, and (b) moderators of the indirect effect of a social comparison threat via body appreciation. Results from hierarchical linear and conditional process models showed that body image flexibility and inflexibility served distinct affect regulation functions. Whereas body image inflexibility directly predicted adaptive and maladaptive body- and eating-related outcomes, body image flexibility protected against the negative effects of social comparison on intuitive eating via body appreciation. Findings suggest that adolescents and emerging adults could benefit from learning body image flexibility skills and reducing inflexibility to promote positive body image and prevent body- and eating-related disturbances. Future research should investigate how body image flexibility and inflexibility relate to other established threats and outcomes in diverse demographic groups.

Evaluating the Digital Health Experience for Patients in Primary Care: Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: The digital health divide for socioeconomic disadvantage describes a pattern in which patients considered socioeconomically disadvantaged, who are already marginalized through reduced access to face-to-face health care, are additionally hindered through less access to patient-initiated digital health. A comprehensive understanding of how patients with socioeconomic disadvantage access and experience digital health is essential for improving the digital health divide. Primary care patients, especially those with chronic disease, have experience of the stages of initial help seeking and self-management of their health, which renders them a key demographic for research on patient-initiated digital health access. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide comprehensive primary mixed methods data on the patient experience of barriers to digital health access, with a focus on the digital health divide. METHODS: We applied an exploratory mixed methods design to ensure that our survey was primarily shaped by the experiences of our interviewees. First, we qualitatively explored the experience of digital health for 19 patients with socioeconomic disadvantage and chronic disease and second, we quantitatively measured some of these findings by designing and administering a survey to 487 Australian general practice patients from 24 general practices. RESULTS: In our qualitative first phase, the key barriers found to accessing digital health included (1) strong patient preference for human-based health services; (2) low trust in digital health services; (3) high financial costs of necessary tools, maintenance, and repairs; (4) poor publicly available internet access options; (5) reduced capacity to engage due to increased life pressures; and (6) low self-efficacy and confidence in using digital health. In our quantitative second phase, 31% (151/487) of the survey participants were found to have never used a form of digital health, while 10.7% (52/487) were low- to medium-frequency users and 48.5% (236/487) were high-frequency users. High-frequency users were more likely to be interested in digital health and had higher self-efficacy. Low-frequency users were more likely to report difficulty affording the financial costs needed for digital access. CONCLUSIONS: While general digital interest, financial cost, and digital health literacy and empowerment are clear factors in digital health access in a broad primary care population, the digital health divide is also facilitated in part by a stepped series of complex and cumulative barriers. Genuinely improving digital health access for 1 cohort or even 1 person requires a series of multiple different interventions tailored to specific sequential barriers. Within primary care, patient-centered care that continues to recognize the complex individual needs of, and barriers facing, each patient should be part of addressing the digital health divide.

The effect of appearance and functionality concerns, and weight status, on negative body image mental health literacy in women.

Few studies have investigated community knowledge and beliefs about negative body image. Yet, low rates of recognition and help-seeking for body image concerns have been reported. Given the prevalence of body image problems and associated mental health risks in women, the current online study investigated negative body image mental health literacy in 260 women aged 18 to 64 years recruited via Prolific. The mental health literacy paradigm was employed in a 2 × 2 experimental design in which the effect of a target's domain of body image concern (appearance versus body functionality) and weight status ("normal weight" versus "overweight") was assessed on problem recognition, beliefs, and help-seeking recommendations. Overall, low symptom recognition was observed, and ratings for beliefs and help-seeking suggested low levels of stigma. However, significantly greater sympathy and lifestyle support recommendations were observed in the overweight compared to normal weight condition, and a domain × weight interaction suggested significantly fewer negative emotional reactions in the appearance overweight condition compared to appearance normal weight, and functionality overweight, conditions. The findings suggest a need for education about body image independent of weight status in women. Future research would benefit from examining diverse samples, broader functionality concerns, and stigma.

What next for behaviour change professional development in general practice? insights from an environmental scan and workshops.

BACKGROUND: A key role of general practice professionals (i.e., general practitioners [GPs], and general practice nurses [GPNs]) is to support patients to change behaviours. Traditional approaches to assisting patients with, and learning about, behaviour change have modest outcomes. AIM: To explore behaviour change with GPs and GPNs and the availability of related professional development (PD) opportunities. DESIGN & SETTING: Multi-methods study comprising an environmental scan survey of behaviour change tools and PD opportunities, and online workshops with Australian GPs and GPNs. METHOD: Survey data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, informing the design of the workshops. Workshop data included: observation, note-taking, and collaborative reflection, which were analysed thematically and synthesised with survey data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Survey responses (n=18) and two virtual workshops (W1 n=30, W2 n=8). There was diversity in awareness of existing behaviour change tools and resources. Preferences for future tools and PD opportunities related to specific aspects of its design, content, activities, and delivery. Three themes developed from the workshop data relating to relationships, continuity, and context. In the absence of tools and resources, GPs and GPNs in our study discussed behaviour change as something that occurs best through a patient-centred alliance that is continuing, respectful, grounded in trust and an understanding of their patient, and prioritises patient autonomy. Future general practice behaviour change PD should support clinicians to 'assist' patients and recognise the social and contextual influences on behaviour.

Chronic Anticoagulation is Associated With Increased Risk for Postoperative Complications Following Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: With an aging global population, the incidence of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) is expected to increase markedly. While patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty who require chronic anticoagulation (AC) have been associated with increased postoperative complications, less is known about the impact of chronic AC status on postoperative complications in the rTHA setting. This study sought to compare complication rates following aseptic rTHA between patients who were on chronic AC and those who were not. METHODS: A large national database was utilized to retrospectively identify 9,421 patients who underwent aseptic rTHA between 2014 and 2019. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: 1,790 patients (19.0%) were in the chronic AC cohort (ie, having an AC prescription filled within 6 months prior to and following rTHA), and 7,631 patients (81.0%) were not on chronic AC. Postoperative complications at 90-days and 2-years were compared between cohorts utilizing univariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for sex, age, and comorbidities. RESULTS: At 90-days, chronic AC patients had increased odds of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, P < .001), surgical site infections (OR 3.6, P < .001), and mechanical prosthetic complications (OR 3.5, P < .001), which included any aseptic loosening, implant dislocation, or broken prosthetic. At 2-years, chronic AC patients had increased odds of PJI (OR 3.3, P < .001) as well as mechanical prosthetic complications (OR 3.2, P < .001). Chronic AC patients were also at increased risk for reoperation within 2 years after initial aseptic rTHA (OR 1.9, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients on chronic AC have significantly higher odds of 90-day and 2-year complications after aseptic rTHA. This includes increased odds of PJI, surgical site infection, and mechanical prosthetic complications. Patients receiving chronic AC who undergo rTHA should be counseled on the risk-benefit ratio of their chronic AC status in a multidisciplinary setting to optimize their postoperative outcomes.

Complications Rates Among Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Postoperatively.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a new set of challenges for the arthroplasty community, including the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and its potential impact on postoperative recovery. This study sought to characterize the risks of postoperative COVID-19 infection among rTKA patients. METHODS: A large national database was utilized to query 8,022 total patients who underwent rTKA between 2018 and 2021, of which 60 had a COVID diagnosis within 90 days after surgery (rTKA/COVID positive). These patients were 1:10 propensity-score matched to 600 rTKA patients who did not have a 90-day postoperative COVID diagnosis (rTKA/COVID negative) and 600 COVID positive patients who did not undergo rTKA. Controlling for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to compare 90-day postoperative complications between groups. RESULTS: Compared to rTKA/COVID negativepatients, the rTKA/COVID positive cohort had significantly higher rates of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1, P < .001), pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR = 32.4, P < .001), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 32.4, P < .001), and 90-day readmissions (OR = 2.1, P = .02). Similarly, the rTKA/COVID positive cohort had significantly higher rates of pneumonia (OR = 4.3, P = .001), PE (OR = 36.8, P < .001), and DVT (OR = 36.8, P < .001) compared to COVID positive patients who did not undergo rTKA. CONCLUSIONS: Revision total knee arthroplasty patients diagnosed with COVID-19 postoperatively had increased rates of thromboembolic events, pneumoniae, and 90-day readmissions. Risk mitigation efforts would suggest extending the prophylactic anticoagulation period for rTKA patients diagnosed with postoperative COVID-19.

An investigation of the dual continua model of mental health in the context of eating disorder symptomatology using latent profile analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The dual continua model of mental health suggests that mental well-being and mental illness are two distinct continua that are interrelated in their contributions to overall mental health. This study investigated the dual continua model in individuals with eating disorder symptoms. METHOD: Female university students (N = 346) completed measures of mental well-being, eating disorder symptomatology, clinical impairment and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor and latent profile analyses were used to derive underlying mental health profiles. RESULTS: Results revealed two oblique factors representing the mental well-being and eating disorder symptomatology constructs and four unique mental health profiles that were partially consistent with the dual continua model emerged: 'flourishing', 'vulnerable', 'partially symptomatic and content', and 'languishing'. The derived mental health profiles had unique characteristics described by psychological distress and clinical impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The results did not provide conclusive evidence for the dual continua model as they could also be interpreted in a manner consistent with the unidimensional approach. While the dual continua model is a promising avenue to understand mental health in a way that looks beyond symptoms, these results caution against its rapid adoption and encourage future research to understand how eating disorder symptomatology and positive mental health assets contribute to overall mental health.

Effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of behaviour change tools used by family doctors: a global systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Priority patients in primary care include people from low-income, rural, or culturally and linguistically diverse communities, and First Nations people. AIM: To describe the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of behaviour change tools that have been tested by family doctors working with priority patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: A global systematic review. METHOD: Five databases were searched for studies published from 2000 to 2021, of any design, that tested the effectiveness or feasibility of tangible, publicly available behaviour change tools used by family doctors working with priority patients. The methodological quality of each study was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Thirteen of 4931 studies screened met the eligibility criteria, and described 12 tools. The health-related behaviours targeted included smoking, diet and/or physical activity, alcohol and/or drug use, and suicidal ideation. Six tools had an online/web/app-based focus; the remaining six utilised only printed materials and/or in-person training. The effectiveness of the tools was assessed in 11 studies, which used diverse methods, with promising results for enabling behaviour change. The nine studies that assessed feasibility found that the tools were easy to use and enhanced the perceived quality of care. CONCLUSION: Many of the identified behaviour change tools were demonstrated to be effective at facilitating change in a target behaviour and/or feasible for use in practice. The tools varied across factors, such as the mode of delivery and the way the tool was intended to influence behaviour. There is clear opportunity to build on existing tools to enable family doctors to assist priority patients towards achieving healthier lifestyles.

Body image explains differences in intuitive eating between men and women: Examining indirect effects across negative and positive body image.

Intuitive eating is an adaptive and flexible form of eating. Men report higher rates of intuitive eating than women. Objectification processes are proposed to underlie this (binary) gender difference due to the intense body-related pressures that disrupt body image in women. The current study is the first known to test whether body image indirectly explains lower levels of intuitive eating in women relative to men. A cross-sectional sample of 498 adults aged 18-74 years recruited through Prolific completed an online survey assessing intuitive eating and negative and positive body image indicators. Women reported poorer body image and lower levels of intuitive eating compared to men. Significant indirect effects suggested body image explained gender differences in intuitive eating, controlling for age and body mass index. In women relative to men, greater body surveillance and lower aesthetic satisfaction explained lower total intuitive eating and reliance on hunger and satiety, greater aesthetic investment explained lower total intuitive eating and eating for physical reasons, and lower functionality investment explained lower body-food choice congruence. More research is needed, but findings suggest programs may benefit from decreasing critical views of appearance and strengthening functionality investment in women to reduce gender differences in intuitive eating.

Recruitment, adherence and attrition challenges in internet-based indicated prevention programs for eating disorders: lessons learned from a randomised controlled trial of ProYouth OZ.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of Internet-based prevention programs for eating disorders, but the adjunctive benefit of synchronous peer support has yet to be investigated. In the current study, a randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an indicated Internet-based prevention program (ProYouth OZ) with and without peer-to-peer support in reducing disordered eating behaviours and attitudes. METHOD: Fifty young adults (18-25 years) with eating disorder symptoms were randomised to one of three study conditions: (1) ProYouth OZ (without peer-to-peer support), (2) ProYouth OZ Peers (with peer-to-peer support), and (3) a waitlist control group. Outcomes were assessed at three different time points. Eating disorder symptoms (primary outcome) were measured with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 415 screened participants, 73 (17.6%) were eligible and 213 (51.3%) excluded due to severe eating disorder symptoms. Fifteen participants (30%) completed the post-intervention survey. Of the two intervention groups, 20.6% failed to access any component of the program. Of 17 ProYouth OZ Peers participants, 58.8% attended at least one chat session, 20% attended 2-5 sessions, and 11.8% attended all six sessions. Due to limited outcome data, it was not possible to statistically examine between-group differences in outcomes. Visual inspection of individual profiles revealed that both ProYouth OZ Peers participants who completed the post-intervention survey showed a decrease in disordered eating compared with only one of the six completers in ProYouth OZ. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the challenges of trialling Internet-based eating disorder prevention programs in the community. The study identified a large group of emerging adults with eating disorders who were interested in an Internet-based program, suggesting a high level of unmet need. Future research on synchronous peer-to-peer support in Internet-based prevention for eating disorders is warranted. Further studies are required to identify optimal strategies for reaching this population (e.g., online vs. offline) and evaluating the effectiveness of a range of strategies for promoting engagement. Finally, there is an urgent need to develop innovative widely accessible interventions for individuals who experience clinically relevant eating disorder symptomatology but may not be ready or able to seek professional face-to-face treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12615001250527, Registered 16 November 2015, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12615001250527.

Internet-based prevention programs for eating disorders are effective, but a variety of challenges have been found when offering them in real-world settings. The current study aimed to test ProYouth OZ, an Internet-based eating disorder prevention program consisting of multiple components including peer support. In total, 50 young adults (18­25 years) with eating disorder symptoms were allocated to one of three versions of the program. In total, 21% did not access the program. From 17 participants in the peer support group, 60% attended at least one chat session and 12% attended all six sessions. Given that only fifteen participants (30%) completed the questionnaire after the intervention, it is not possible to draw reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of the program. Findings demonstrate the difficulty of recruiting emerging adults, engaging them with the program and collecting data after participation. The majority of interested participants experienced an eating disorder, suggesting they may be searching for help online. Future studies should investigate the use of peer support, identify strategies for reaching eligible participants and develop approaches to increase engagement. Finally, it is important to develop innovative programs that provide self-help strategies and facilitate help-seeking for those who are experiencing an eating disorder.

Measuring social processes regarding eating, physical activity, and weight in higher-weight people: the weight-related interactions scale (WRIS).

PURPOSE: This study sought to develop a psychometrically sound measure to assess effective and ineffective forms of input from others regarding eating, physical activity, and weight in higher-weight people, namely, the Weight-Related Interactions Scale (WRIS). METHODS: Participants (n = 736) were adults in the overweight/obese weight ranges who completed the WRIS and measures of weight-specific social support, emotional eating, weight stigma, eating-specific self efficacy, and social desirability. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the WRIS supported a three-factor solution of 'Criticism', 'Minimization', and 'Collaboration' as forms of weight-related input from others. Support was found for the reliability and the concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity of the WRIS. CONCLUSIONS: The WRIS is a promising new instrument for comprehensively assessing the input of others in relation to eating, physical activity, and weight among higher-weight individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III. Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Identifying the contingencies of self-worth associated with eating disorder symptoms: The use of choice-based conjoint analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Self-worth contingent on shape/weight is a diagnostic criterion and key maintaining factor for eating disorders. However, the role of other contingencies of self-worth (i.e., domains in which self-worth is invested) is largely unknown. Moreover, research has relied on self-ratings of contingency strength, which are subject to distortion through socially desirable responding and limited self-awareness, and may have limitations in terms of ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, the present study investigated a broad range of contingencies of self-worth in relation to eating disorder pathology and employed a choice-based conjoint (CBC) approach for assessing these contingencies. METHOD: Young women and men from the community (N = 428) completed a CBC task to assess the domains in which self-worth is invested, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) to assess eating disorder symptomatology, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding to assess socially desirable responding. RESULTS: Beta regression analyses showed that CBC thinness and athletic competence predicted higher scores on all EDE-Q scales. CBC muscularity and facial attractiveness predicted higher scores, while coping ability and quality of relationships predicted lower scores, on various aspects of eating disorder symptoms. CBC social acceptance predicted lower eating disorder symptoms in males only. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that a broader range of contingencies of self-worth beyond shape/weight are relevant to eating disorder pathology and should be considered as potential underlying mechanisms and treatment targets. In addition, this first use of the CBC method in eating disorder research provides initial support for its validity and utility.

Intentions to see a psychologist for weight management: A cross-sectional study investigating beliefs about psychologists, psychological services and obesity.

OBJECTIVES: The current study investigated beliefs about psychologists, psychological services and obesity, and their association with intentions to see a psychologist for weight management. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey design was employed in a sample of 136 adults with overweight or obesity (n = 121 females, M age = 37.58, SD = 9.85). RESULTS: Psychologists and psychological services were viewed favourably by participants, with little evidence of role knowledge deficits or significant treatment barriers. Behavioural and social causal beliefs about obesity were indirectly associated with intentions to see a psychologist for weight management through positive associations with psychologists' perceived helpfulness in lifestyle intervention. Indirect effects were not observed for psychological and medical causal beliefs. CONCLUSION: Promotion of psychological services in obesity could highlight their utility in addressing behavioural and social factors. However, there is a need for more research into avoidance of all sources of professional support in this context.

Integrating cognitive dissonance and social consensus to reduce weight stigma.

Weight stigma is pervasive and has a range of deleterious effects. Among the most promising approaches for modifying this form of stigma are cognitive dissonance and social consensus. Due to their theoretical connection, this study tested the effects of an experimental manipulation of cognitive dissonance blended with social consensus for targeting weight stigma. It also added to research investigating the effects of cognitive dissonance on weight stigma by investigating a broader range of stigma measures. Participants were university students aged 18-35 years (N = 98) who were randomly allocated to one of four experimental conditions: blended cognitive dissonance, standard cognitive dissonance, blended control or standard control. Stigma measures included the perceived characteristics of, affective reactions towards, social avoidance of, and blameworthiness attributed to a higher-weight individual, and general weight stigma. Results showed that those in the cognitive dissonance conditions reported significantly lower weight stigma than those in the non-dissonance, control conditions. Moreover, those in the blended cognitive dissonance condition with higher in-group identification reported less negative affective reactions than those with lower in-group identification. The results provide consistent support for cognitive dissonance as an approach for reducing weight stigma and some additive support for an integrated cognitive dissonance and social consensus approach.

Exploring the psychometric properties of the Working Alliance Inventory in general practice: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic alliance is a framework from psychology that describes three components: goals, tasks, and bond. The Working Alliance Inventory adapted for general practice (WAI-GP) measures the strength of the therapeutic alliance between the patient and the clinician, and it could be useful in both research and clinical settings. AIM: To determine if the patient score on WAI-GP can delineate the three components (goals, tasks, and bond), and to test concurrent validity with the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure and the Patient Perception of Patient-Centredness (PPPC) measure. DESIGN & SETTING: A cross-sectional study took place in 12 general practice waiting rooms in Australia. METHOD: The research instruments included the 12-item WAI-GP (the patient version), the CARE and PPPC measures, plus a survey of demographics and reason for consultation. To perform a principal components factor analysis of the WAI-GP, this dataset was combined with an existing dataset. The Spearman rank correlation was used to determine concurrent validity between the WAI-GP and the CARE and PPPC measures. RESULTS: Participants (97-99%) reported a strong positive alliance after the consultation (average WAI-GP mean 4.27 ± 0.67 out of 5, n = 146). Factor analysis could not separate the three components (one factor, eigenvalue >1; Cronbach's α = 0.957; n = 281). Concurrent validity was supported by moderate correlations with the other measures (PPPC ρ = -0.51, P<0.005, CARE ρ = 0.56, P<0.005). CONCLUSION: Three components could not be identified, but the WAI-GP has a high internal consistency and concurrent validity with moderate correlations with the CARE and PPPC. A more diverse sample may better distinguish the three components leading to more specific feedback to clinicians on their consultation practices.

What prevents young adults from seeking help? Barriers toward help-seeking for eating disorder symptomatology.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, and to systematically explore perceived barriers to help-seeking for eating, weight, or shape concerns among young adults. Differences in perceived barriers as a function of type of eating disorder symptomatology were also examined. METHOD: Data were collected using an online survey among individuals (aged 18-25 years) in Australia. Overall, 291 young adults with varying levels of eating disorder symptoms completed measures of disordered eating, weight or shape concerns, help-seeking barriers, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. According to their self-reported symptoms, participants were classified into four subgroups (i.e., anorexia nervosa [AN] symptoms, bulimia nervosa [BN] symptoms, binge-eating disorder [BED] symptoms, and other eating disorder symptoms). RESULTS: Despite the belief that help-seeking is useful, only a minority of participants with elevated symptoms, namely those with AN, BN, and BED symptoms, believed they needed help. Across the sample, the most frequently cited barriers to seeking help for eating disorder symptoms were: concern for others, self-sufficiency, fear of losing control, denial and failure to perceive the severity of the illness, and stigma and shame. DISCUSSION: The findings highlight the need to educate young adults about the severity of eating disorders and the importance of seeking help, and to increase the awareness of help-seeking barriers among those designing public health interventions as well as clinicians. Our findings suggest that help-seeking barriers may differ depending on the type of eating disorder symptomology.

The effectiveness of touchscreen-based attentional bias modification to thin body stimuli on state rumination.

Ruminative thinking is considered a vulnerability factor for eating disorder symptomatology. Research suggests that attentional bias to body shape stimuli may serve to underpin this maladaptive form of emotion regulation. The current study aimed to determine the direct effect of attentional bias to thin-ideal bodies on state depressive rumination. Additionally, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of attentional bias modification (ABM) utilising a touchscreen device. A well-established ABM protocol, the modified dot probe task, was used for both attentional assessment and training. Female undergraduate students (N = 110) completed an ABM session where attention was trained either towards, or away from, thin-ideal body images. Pre- and post-attentional training, participants completed the dot probe task, as well as a state measure of depressive rumination. Results revealed that the ABM training induced a greater attentional bias to thin-ideal bodies in the attend-thin training condition than in the avoid-thin training condition. Furthermore, induced attentional avoidance of thin-ideal bodies led to a significant reduction in state depressive rumination. The current findings suggest that touchscreen-based ABM is effective in modifying patterns of attentional bias and state depressive rumination.

Reducing anorexia nervosa stigma: an exploration of a social consensus intervention and the moderating effect of blameworthy attributions.

Background: Research suggests that blameworthy attributions towards individuals with anorexia nervosa are common, which in turn elicit more stigmatising attitudes towards those with the disorder. The social consensus approach has been found to reduce stigmatising attitudes in various domains and, as such, is a promising avenue to pursue for ameliorating stigma in anorexia nervosa.Aims: The present study primarily sought to investigate the effectiveness of a social consensus approach in reducing stigma towards individuals with anorexia nervosa. The study also examined if blameworthy attributions were associated with change in stigma.Method: An experimental design was employed, where female undergraduate students (N= 126) completed self-report measures that assessed anorexia nervosa stigma at baseline (Time 1) and 6-10 days after allocation to one of two conditions: social consensus and control (Time 2).Results: The social consensus intervention was more effective than the control condition in reducing stigmatising attitudes on measures assessing affective reactions (p= 0.025) and characteristics attributed to a target with anorexia nervosa (p < 0.001). Level of blame-based attributions did not moderate change in stigma.Conclusions: Results suggest that a social consensus intervention is promising irrespective of the endorsement of blameworthy attributions.

Corrigendum: Eating Disorder Symptoms and Proneness in Gay Men, Lesbian Women, and Transgender and Gender Non-conforming Adults: Comparative Levels and a Proposed Mediational Model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02692.].