[Impact of social network use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents: a systematic review].

Systematic review of published studies on the impact of social networks (SN) use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents. We selected articles published over the past 10 years, written in English, Spanish or Portu-guese found in The Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, WOS, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases and with enough methodological quality. Nine studies were included in this review with a sample of 2,069 adolescents; 75.3% were female, mean age was 18 years, and mostly used Facebook and Instagram. Despite some positive aspects, SNs promote beauty standards in terms of thinness, allow comparisons between peers increasing concerns about weight, and create spaces that encourage anorexia and bulimia. Therefore, SN use plays a role in the development of eating disorders. The promotion of extreme thinness in girls makes this population more vulnerable.

Influencia de las redes sociales sobre la anorexia y la bulimia en las adolescentes: una revisión sistemática / Impact of social network use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents: a systematic review

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios que han investigado la influencia de las redes sociales (RRSS) sobre las adolescentes en relación a la anorexia y bulimia nerviosa. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados en inglés, español o portugués en las bases de datos The Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, WOS, PsycINFO y Scopus en los diez últimos años, con calidad suficiente. Se incluyeron nueve estudios con una muestra de 2.069 adolescentes (75,3% mujeres) de edad media 18 años, que utilizaban principalmente Facebook e Instagram. A pesar de algunos aspectos positivos, las RRSS promueven cánones de belleza basados en la delgadez, permiten la comparación entre iguales incrementando la preocupación por el peso, y crean espacios que fomentan los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Por tanto, las RRSS influyen en el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y al promover la extrema delgadez en las chicas, las hace más vulnerables.(AU)

Systematic review of published studies on the impact of social networks (SN) use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents. We selected articles published over the past 10 years, written in English, Spanish or Portuguese found in The Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, WOS, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases and with enough methodological quality. Nine studies were included in this review with a sample of 2,069 adolescents; 75.3% were female, mean age was 18 years, and mostly used Facebook and Instagram. Despite some positive aspects, SNs promote beauty standards in terms of thinness, allow comparisons between peers increasing concerns about weight, and create spaces that encourage anorexia and bulimia. Therefore, SN use plays a role in the development of eating disorders. The promotion of extreme thinness in girls makes this population more vulnerable.(AU)

First Measurement of Several ß-Delayed Neutron Emitting Isotopes Beyond N=126.

The ß-delayed neutron emission probabilities of neutron rich Hg and Tl nuclei have been measured together with ß-decay half-lives for 20 isotopes of Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi in the mass region N≳126. These are the heaviest species where neutron emission has been observed so far. These measurements provide key information to evaluate the performance of nuclear microscopic and phenomenological models in reproducing the high-energy part of the ß-decay strength distribution. This provides important constraints on global theoretical models currently used in r-process nucleosynthesis.

Epidemiological profile of cancer for Grand Bahama residents: 1988-2002.

This retrospective and observational study is based on a review of data from the pathology ledgers and clinical records of the Rand Memorial Hospital, of diagnoses and deaths from cancer from 1988 to 2002 (15 years). The aim was to determine the cancer incidence, mortality, survival rates and the trends for the island of Grand Bahama, Bahamas. The records indicated at least 545 (males: 187; females: 358) new cancer diagnoses giving an approximate age-standardized annual incidence rate of 167.7 per 100,000. The most frequent cancers were, in males (except for skin keratinocytic cancers) prostate 21.9%, colon/rectum 12.8% and lung 6.4%; and in females: breast 45.3%, cervix uteri 16.8% and colon/rectum 6.4%. Of these cancers, 443 (81.3%) were diagnosed in the pathology department of the hospital with the median age at diagnosis of all persons being 52 years. This comprised 119 males and 324 females. Whereas the majority of breast and cervical cancers were histologically diagnosed locally, those of prostate and lung were not. During the period, 359 (males: 181; females: 178) persons had died from cancer; an annual age-standardized mortality rate of 114.8 per 100,000, with breast 19.2%, prostate 14.5% and colon/rectum 9.5% being the most frequent. The overall median period of survival was one year (range 0-14 years). The median survival for persons with cervix uteri was five years; for breast cancer, three years; colorectal cancer, 2 years; prostate, one year; and less than a year for lung cancer. The data on cancer were not easily obtained and this may be improved if a cancer registry is established on this second most populated island of The Bahamas.

Epidemiological profile of cancer for Grand Bahama residents: 1988-2002 / Perfil epidemiológico del cáncer en los residentes de gran bahama: 1988 ­ 2002

This retrospective and observational study is based on a review of data from the pathology ledgers and clinical records of the Rand Memorial Hospital, of diagnoses and deaths from cancer from 1988 to 2002 (15 years). The aim was to determine the cancer incidence, mortality, survival rates and the trends for the island of Grand Bahama, Bahamas. The records indicated at least 545 (males: 187; females: 358) new cancer diagnoses giving an approximate age-standardized annual incidence rate of 167.7 per 100,000. The most frequent cancers were, in males (except for skin keratinocytic cancers) prostate 21.9, colon/rectum 12.8and lung 6.4; and in females: breast 45.3, cervix uteri 16.8and colon/rectum 6.4. Of these cancers, 443 (81.3) were diagnosed in the pathology department of the hospital with the median age at diagnosis of all persons being 52 years. This comprised 119 males and 324 females. Whereas the majority of breast and cervical cancers were histologically diagnosed locally, those of prostate and lung were not. During the period, 359 (males: 181; females: 178) persons had died from cancer; an annual age-standardized mortality rate of 114.8 per 100,000, with breast 19.2, prostate 14.5and colon/rectum 9.5being the most frequent. The overall median period of survival was one year (range 0-14 years). The median survival for persons with cervix uteri was five years; for breast cancer, three years; colorectal cancer, 2 years; prostate, one year; and less than a year for lung cancer. The data on cancer were not easily obtained and this may be improved if a cancer registry is established on this second most populated island of The Bahamas.

Este estudio retrospectivo y de observación se basa en una revisión de datos de los libros de registros de patologías y las historias clínicas del Hospital Rand Memorial, en relación con el diagnóstico y las muertes de cáncer desde 1988 hasta el 2002 (15 años). El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia de cáncer, la mortalidad, las tasas de supervivencia y las tendencias, con respecto a la isla de Gran Bahamas, Bahamas. Los registros indicaron al menos 545 (varones: 187; hembras: 358) diagnósticos nuevos de cáncer, para una tasa de incidencia anual estandarizada por edad, de aproximadamente 1677 por 100000. Los tipos más frecuentes de cáncer fueron los siguientes. En los hombres (con excepción de los cánceres queratinocíticos de la piel): próstata, 21.9%; colon/recto 12.8%; y pulmón, 6.4%. En las mujeres: mamas, 45.3%, cervical uterino, 16.8%; y colon/recto 6.4%. De estos tipos de cáncer, el 81.3%, es decir, 443 (varones: 119; hembras: 324), fueron diagnosticados en el departamento de patología del hospital, con una edad mediana de 52 años en relación con todos los pacientes en el momento del diagnóstico. Mientras que la mayoría de los cánceres de cervical y de mamas se diagnosticaron histológicamente de forma local, los de próstata y pulmón no se diagnosticaron de ese modo. Durante ese período, un total de 359 personas (181 varones; 178 hembras) habían muerto de cáncer, para una tasa anual de mortalidad estandarizada por edad, de 114.8 por 100 000, siendo los cánceres de mama (19.2%), próstata (14.5%), y el colorrectal (9.5%) los más frecuentes. La mediana general del período de supervivencia fue de un año (rango 0 ­ 14). Después del diagnóstico, las personas continuaron viviendo con cáncer una mediana de cinco años en el caso del cáncer cervical

Malignant pericardial effusion.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and diagnostic implications of malignant pericardial effusions. STUDY DESIGN: The clinical and histologic records of pericardial effusions diagnosed cytologically as malignant were reviewed. We investigated the relationship between malignancy and type of tumor, interval between diagnosis of the primary tumor and development of the pericardial effusion, and length of survival after the onset of the effusion. RESULTS: There were 375 pericardial effusions among 23,592 effusions studied over 24 years; 65 of them were diagnosed as malignant. The mean age at onset was 53.6 years. In 92% of the cases the primary tumor was epithelial, lung the most frequent in males and breast in females. In 48% of cases the pericardial effusion constituted the first sign of malignancy. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of a pericardial effusion as malignant carried an ominous prognosis: 86% of patients died within the first year and nearly one-third within the first month. Breast carcinomas were linked with the longest survival and longest interval of latency prior to the onset of the pericardial effusion. There were two effusions associated with lymphoblastic lymphomas; they have had no recurrence 10 and 17 years after the effusion, and the patients can be considered cured.

[Usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the renal transplant patient with suspected respiratory infection]. / Utilidad del lavado broncoalveolar en el paciente trasplantado renal con sospecha de infección respiratoria.

In this retrospective study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in kidney transplant patients who were suspected of having severe respiratory infection or in whom empirical antibiotic treatment had failed. All BAL procedures performed on kidney transplanted patients suspected of having respiratory infections between January 1, 1988 and July 31, 1996 were analyzed. BAL was carried out in the standard way and samples were sent for cytologic and bacteriologic study. Thirty-three patients with a mean age of 48.5 years were enrolled. All had been receiving immunosuppressive treatment and the mean time following transplantation was 320 days. Thirty-one had received antibiotic treatment before BAL. BAL was positive for 21 of the 33 patients (64%). Twenty-two pathogens were identified: 6 Pneumocystis carinii, 4 Cytomegalovirus, 3 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 2 Aspergillus fumigatus, 2 Herpes simplex type I, 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Streptococcus mitis, 1 Legionella pneumophila, 1 Legionella longbeachae. BAL was negative for 12 patients, of whom 8 were tentatively diagnosed of bacterial infection, 3 of acute pulmonary edema and one of pulmonary infarction. Based on the results, therapy was changed for 20 patients (61%), 19 (58%) because an unsuspected pathogen was identified and 1 because treatment could be simplified. The diagnostic yield of BAL is high (64%) in kidney transplant patients suspected of respiratory infection and is useful for managing such cases, as evidenced by the fact that a high proportion (19/33) of our patients were infected by pathogens not covered by empirical treatment.

Extramedullary hematopoietic effusions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency and diagnostic implications of extramedullary hematopoietic effusions. STUDY DESIGN: Smears of the effusions diagnosed cytologically as myeloid metaplasia or extramedullary hematopoiesis and their clinical records were reviewed and compared with the histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: There were 7 pleural and 1 peritoneal effusion from 5 patients out of 20,793 pericardial, peritoneal and pleural effusions studied during a period of 21 years. CONCLUSION: When compensatory responses can be ruled out, the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoietic effusion points toward replacement of the bone marrow by a metastatic process. The first primary to consider in males is lung carcinoma.

Paraganglioma de glomus carotídeo: un caso clínico de presentación inusual / Paraganglioma of carotid glomus: a clinical case of unusual presentation

Se presenta un caso clínico de un paraganglioma benigno, no cromafínico, del glomus carotídeo, en un hombre de 51 años que debutó con dolor torácico y al que posteriormente tras una punción aspiración con aguja fija (PAAF), el estudio citológico fue informado como compatible con oncocitoma de la glándula submaxilar

Paraganglioma de glomus carotídeo: un caso clínico de presentación inusual / Paraganglioma of carotid glomus: a clinical case of unusual presentation

Se presenta un caso clínico de un paraganglioma benigno, no cromafínico, del glomus carotídeo, en un hombre de 51 años que debutó con dolor torácico y al que posteriormente tras una punción aspiración con aguja fija (PAAF), el estudio citológico fue informado como compatible con oncocitoma de la glándula submaxilar (AU)

[Planning human of resources in health: a necessity to attain Health for All in the year 2000]. / Planificacion de recursos humanos en salud: una necesidad para el logro de SPT-2000.

PIP: This report assesses human resource needs in the Dominican Republic in light of the goal of health for all by the year 2000. The economic crisis that has deepened in the Dominican Republic since 1984 is aggravated by steps taken to pay off the external debt, including reduced public spending for health, education, and transportation. Per capita health expenditures declined from US $10.73 in 1983 to $4.48 in 1986, a 58% decline. The infant mortality rate is estimated at 75/1000 for upper socioeconomic strata to 83/1000 for lower strata. The proportion of children hospitalized with malnutrition declined from 1977-86, but the number of severe cases increased. The proportion of low birthweight infants more than doubled between 1977-86 from 6.2% to 14.3%. The lack of an adequate system of health statistics hampers analysis of health data, but the progressive deterioration of living conditions appears to have had a negative impact on health. The number of universities providing health education increased from only 1 in 1965 to 15 in 1983. Beginning in 1980, the proportion of medical students began to decline because of the severe economic crisis and high unemployment rates of medical graduates. The object of study in all current programs in illness, based on a biological and individual focus, ignoring the process of disease and its social and historic determinants. Little weight is given to epidemiology, prevention, scientific methods of investigation, or related areas. Most of the teachers were trained abroad and the curricular materials are almost exclusively foreign. Most learning is passive and occurs in classrooms. Most practices are demonstrations and hospital work is the only contact with the phenomena of health and illness. The current training program prepares personnel with fragmented knowledge, limited technical skills, and an orientation toward clinical practices and the terminal end of the health-disease continuum. Moreover, all medical schools accept students for essentially economic reasons or because of demand by potential students; there is not effective mechanism for balancing supply and demand of health workers. Existing health personnel are poorly distributed between the public and private sectors, geographically, and within specialties. Steps to take in preparing human resources to achieve health for all through primary health care include reorienting the type of manpower trained and the curriculum, redistributing existing personnel, strengthening programs of practical work for advanced medical students, and encouraging community participation and demand for quality health care.^ieng

Peritoneal flushing and biopsy in laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis.

A series of 74 patients with endoscopically proven endometriosis were selected for evaluation of usefulness of peritoneal flushing and aspiration in the early diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. Forty-three patients had either an ovarian or a peritoneal biopsy performed after peritoneal lavage. The results indicate that 25% of the washings performed were successful in demonstrating endometrial glands or stroma. On the other hand, 72% of the patients on whom biopsies were performed showed endometrial tissue, and biopsy failures were mainly related to the technical difficulties of the ovarian biopsy. In 46% of the histologically proven cases of endometriosis, peritoneal lavage failed to demonstrate endometrial tissue. Conversely, in 4.6% of the negative biopsy cases, peritoneal lavage showed endometrial glands. We conclude that exfoliative cytology is not a useful tool in the diagnosis of endometriosis. On the other hand, we were able to make the diagnosis by biopsy in more than 70% of the patients on whom biopsies were performed.