RESUMO
The objective was to compare the effect of a LXR synthetic ligand (T0901317) on cell viability and lysosomal membrane destabilization in human U937 macrophage and aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) incubated in the presence of cholesterol or 27-OH and to verify whether the Akt signalling pathway is involved. In U937 macrophages, cholesterol triggered cell survival while 27-OH triggered either survival (low concentration) or a lysosomal independent apoptosis (high concentration). Despite a strong effect of T0901317 on macrophage survival, its effect on cell viability is hampered in cells incubated in the presence of cholesterol or 27-OH. In these cells, cholesterol triggers the phosphorylation of Akt on the Thr308 residue. In HASMC, cholesterol induced apoptosis but no additionnal effect of T0901317 prevented apoptosis. All together, cell survival triggered by LXRs is impaired in the presence of cholesterol or high concentrations of 27-OH in human U937 macrophages and is not effective in HASMC.
Assuntos
Hidroxicolesteróis/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Processos de Crescimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos Fluorados/farmacologia , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/enzimologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/enzimologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Células U937RESUMO
Primary endothelial cells are largely recognized as hard-to-transfect cells. We have been using a double-pulse electroporation technique to efficiently insert genetic material into human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Previously, this technique has been successfully used on hard-to-transfect monocytic cells. Using a conventional electroporation device, we have tested this protocol on HUVECs and compared it with conventional transfection techniques. The average transfection efficiency was up to 68% as measured by the ability of the cells to efficiently express the red fluorophore of the tdTomato gene. Similar results were obtained in human aortic endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells. This technique does not require any particular expensive device, specific medium, or reagent, and the results we obtained so far exceed those of any other previous protocol. This is therefore an affordable and efficient transfection technique that opens new avenues in vascular endothelial research.
