RESUMO
In recent years, the development of both medical imaging and new systemic agents (targeted therapy and immunotherapy) have revolutionized the field of oncology, leading to a new entity: oligometastatic disease. Adding local treatment of oligometastases to systemic treatment could lead to prolonged survival with no significant impact on quality of life. Given the high prevalence of lung oligometastases and the new systemic agents coming with increased pulmonary toxicity, this article provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-art for radiotherapy of lung oligometastases. After reviewing pretreatment workup, the authors define several radiotherapy regimen based on the localization and size of the oligometastases. A comment on the synergistic combination of medical treatment and radiotherapy is also made, projecting on future steps in this specific clinical setting.