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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application law and provide literature support and development ideas for the modern application of fresh Plantaginis Herba. MethodThe literature about the application of fresh Plantaginis Herba was retrieved from the fifth edition of Chinese medical dictionary， China national knowledge infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang data， and Chinese medical journals and analyzed. ResultFresh Plantaginis Herba appeared frequently in ancient books， with the effects of clearing heat， cooling blood， promoting urination， and relieving stranguria. It was used for the treatment of stranguria， urine retention， bloody urine， sore and carbuncle， epistaxis， red and swelling eye， suppurative inflammation in the throat， and gynecological and pediatric diseases. According to modern medical publications， fresh Plantaginis Herba is mainly used to treated diseases in the kidney， five sense organs， spleen， stomach， lung， liver， gallbladder， and skin and gynecological and pediatric diseases. Specifically， it is mainly used to treat the syndrome of dampness and heat in kidney and skin diseases caused by the accumulation of dampness and heat toxin， with the effects of clearing heat， removing toxin， promoting urination， and relieving stranguria. Since ancient times， there have been reports of using fresh Plantaginis Herbausing for food and health care. ConclusionFresh Plantaginis Herba is widely used in clinical practice and has a high medical value and economic value. However， its modern application lags behind， so it is necessary to promote the development of fresh Plantaginis Herba from the aspects of medicinal material production， storage， transportation， preparation research and development， and clinical application.
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ObjectiveTo statistically analyze the efficacy and application characteristics of animal-derived drugs in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （referred to as Chinese Pharmacopoeia）， and provide data references for the research and application of animal-derived drugs. MethodAnimal-derived drugs included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were selected and screened. Information such as the classification， nature and flavor， meridian tropism， usage， dosage， toxicity or contraindications of single animal-derived drugs were statistically analyzed. The efficacy and clinical application analysis of externally applicable Chinese medicinal preparations containing animal-derived drugs， the dosage forms of preparations containing animal-derived drugs， and the contraindications of their use were also analyzed. The above information was recorded in an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. ResultThe 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia clearly records a total of 51 types of animal-derived drugs. Among them， liver-calming and wind-relieving drugs and deficiency-tonifying drugs are the most common in the efficacy classification of animal-derived drugs. The properties are mainly categorized as neutral and salty， with meridians including liver， kidney， heart， and lung meridians with a frequency of >10 times. Most animal-derived drugs are used in decoctions and pills， with the decoction method being the primary method for decoction. The common dosage of animal-derived drugs is 3-9 g， 5-10 g， or 3-6 g， and animal-derived drugs are used externally in appropriate amounts. In addition to mentioning the toxicity of drugs， the most common precautions for animal-derived drugs are caution and prohibition for pregnant women. Externally applicable Chinese medicinal preparations containing animal-derived in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are widely used in various departments such as pediatrics， gynecology， orthopedics and traumatology， stomatology， internal medicine， surgery， dermatology， ophthalmology， and otorhinolaryngology， with extensive clinical applications. The dosage forms of preparations containing animal-derived drugs are mainly pills， capsules， tablets， and capsules. Animal-derived drugs are mainly in the form of fine powder before use. The precautions for use in preparations mainly focus on the contraindications for pregnant women and children. ConclusionThe clinical application of animal-derived drugs included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia is extensive and has unique efficacy. However， there are still problems such as imperfect quality standards and unclear mechanisms of action for animal-derived drugs， which require further research to better utilize the advantages of internal and external use of animal-derived drugs. In addition， non-medicinal parts of animals also have development and utilization value， which should be fully explored and utilized to achieve the green development of animal-derive drug resources.
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ObjectiveTo provide a reference for the establishment of an ideal corneal neovascularization （CNV） animal model by summarizing the modeling characteristics of CNV animal models. MethodWith "CVN" as the theme word， this paper searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， Chinese medical journals full-text database， and PubMed database and screened out relevant literature on CNV animal experiments from 2013 to 2023. The database was established by Excel 2021， and the experimental animal strain， gender， modeling method， detection index， and application category were sorted out. The characteristics of the CNV animal model were analyzed. ResultAfter comparative analysis， it was found that the animal strains were Sprague-Dawley rats （87 times， 29.49%） and New Zealand white rabbits （52 times， 17.63%）. Male animals were recommended. Most modeling methods for efficacy verification and mechanism studies were the alkali burn method. Index detection methods included apparent index observation， histopathological detection， immunohistochemistry （IHC）， Western blot， and various polymerase chain reaction （PCR） tests. Detection indexes included apparent indication， corneal histopathology， CNV regulation， etc. ConclusionThe CNV model of SD rats induced by the alkali burn method is recommended for model replication， and the indexes are mainly selected from the growth of CNV， corneal histopathological test， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）-related test. In addition， according to the demand， the corneal apparent indication and the basic indexes related to the regulation of CNV， such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）， and secretogranin Ⅲ （Scg3） are also selected. Clinical treatment of CNV relies on anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-VEGF drugs， and there is a lack of application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， so the model needs to be improved by adding elements of TCM syndromes.