Efficacy of integrating a semi-immersive virtual device in the HABIT-ILE intervention for children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of virtual devices can facilitate the role of therapists (e.g., patient motivation, intensity of practice) to improve the effectiveness of treatment for children with cerebral palsy. Among existing therapeutic devices, none has been specifically designed to promote the application of principles underlying evidence-based motor skill learning interventions. Consequently, evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of virtual-based sessions in motor function rehabilitation with respect to promoting the transfer of motor improvements into daily life activities. We tested the effectiveness of implementing a recently developed virtual device (REAtouch®), specifically designed to enable the application of therapeutic motor skill learning principles, during a Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) intervention. METHODS: Forty children with unilateral cerebral palsy (5-18 years; MACS I-III; GMFCS I-II) were randomly assigned to a control group or a "REAtouch®" experimental group for a 90-h HABIT-ILE day-camp intervention (two weeks). Children in the REAtouch® group spent nearly half of their one-on-one therapeutic time using the REAtouch®. Participants underwent three testing sessions: the week before (T1), after intervention (T2), and at three months follow-up (T3). The primary outcome was the Assisting Hand Assessment (T3-T1; blinded). Secondary outcomes measured uni-bimanual hand function, stereognosis, gait endurance, daily life abilities, and functional goals. Accelerometers and a manual report of daily activities served to document therapeutic dosage and treatment characteristics. We used one-way RMANOVA to compare the efficacies of the two interventions, and non-inferiority analyses to contrast changes in the "REAtouch®" group versus the "HABIT-ILE" control group. RESULTS: We found significant improvements in both groups for most of the outcome measures (p < 0.05). There was significant non-inferiority of changes in the REAtouch® group for upper extremities motor function, functional goals attainment, and abilities in daily life activities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Use of the REAtouch® device during HABIT-ILE showed non-inferior efficacy compared to the conventional evidence-based HABIT-ILE intervention in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using this virtual device in a high dosage camp model, and establishes the possibility of applying the therapeutic principles of motor skill learning during specifically designed virtual-based sessions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number: NCT03930836-Registration date on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP): June 21th, 2018; Registration date on NIH Clinical Trials Registry: April 29th, 2019. First patient enrollment: July 3rd, 2018.

Brote de dermatofitosis en región de cabeza y cuello asociadas al rasurado en peluquerías: estudio descriptivo multicéntrico de una serie de casos / Outbreak of Dermatophyte Infections on the Head and Neck Related to Shave Haircuts: Description of a Multicenter Case Series

Introducción Desde 2021 se ha detectado un aumento de casos de tiñas del cuero cabelludo en adolescentes que se cortan el pelo mediante rasurado o degradado. Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo multicéntrico de casos de dermatofitosis del polo cefálico con el antecedente de haber sido contraídas tras el rasurado frecuente en peluquería. Se realizó una llamada a dermatólogos de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (AEDV) para que aportaran casos observados entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. Se incluyeron pacientes con confirmación microbiológica mediante cultivo o examen directo con KOH. Resultados Se recogieron 107 casos, siendo 106 pacientes varones. Se observaron 78 formas no inflamatorias frente a 29 inflamatorias. El hongo aislado con mayor frecuencia fue Trichophyton tonsurans (75,7% de los casos). Las lesiones aparecieron predominantemente en la nuca y en el área temporal. Conclusiones La distribución por sexo, edad y localización lesional parece apuntar a que una nueva tendencia social, en la que adolescentes varones acuden asiduamente a peluquerías para el afeitado de las zonas occipital y temporal, sería la causante de esta agrupación de casos de tiña del cuero cabelludo. El microorganismo más frecuente en nuestro estudio (T.tonsurans) coincide con el más prevalente en nuestro medio. Con el presente estudio se evidencia un acúmulo de casos susceptible de ser tenido en cuenta por organismos competentes de salud pública, a los cuales corresponde velar por el cumplimiento de las normas de desinfección del material empleado para el rasurado (AU)

Introduction Since 2021, an increase in cases of tinea capitis has been detected in adolescents who shave their hair with fade haircut. Patients and methods Multicenter retrospective observational study of cases of cephalic pole dermatophytosis with a history of having been acquired after frequent shaving in hairdressing. A call was made to dermatologists from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) to provide cases observed between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients with microbiological confirmation by culture or direct examination with KOH were included. Results 107 cases were collected, 106 of which were male. 78 non-inflammatory forms were observed, compared to 29 inflammatory. The most frequently isolated fungus was Trichophyton tonsurans (75.7% of cases). The lesions appeared predominantly on the nape of the neck and temporal area. Conclusions The distribution by sex, age and lesional location seems to indicate that a new social trend, in which male adolescents regularly go to hairdressers to shave the occipital and temporal areas, would be the cause of this grouping of cases of ringworm of the scalp. The most frequent microorganism in our study (T.tonsurans) coincides with the most prevalent in our environment. This study shows an accumulation of cases that can be taken into account by competent Public Health agencies, which are responsible for ensuring compliance with the rules of disinfection of the material used for shaving (AU)

[Translated article] Outbreak of Dermatophyte Infections on the Head and Neck Related to Shave Haircuts: Description of a Multicenter Case Series / Brote de dermatofitosis en región de cabeza y cuello asociadas al rasurado en peluquerías: estudio descriptivo multicéntrico de una serie de casos

Introduction Since 2021, an increase in cases of tinea capitis has been detected in adolescents who shave their hair with fade haircut. Patients and methods Multicenter retrospective observational study of cases of cephalic pole dermatophytosis with a history of having been acquired after frequent shaving in hairdressing. A call was made to dermatologists from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) to provide cases observed between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients with microbiological confirmation by culture or direct examination with KOH were included. Results 107 cases were collected, 106 of which were male. 78 non-inflammatory forms were observed, compared to 29 inflammatory. The most frequently isolated fungus was Trichophyton tonsurans (75.7% of cases). The lesions appeared predominantly on the nape of the neck and temporal area. Conclusions The distribution by sex, age and lesional location seems to indicate that a new social trend, in which male adolescents regularly go to hairdressers to shave the occipital and temporal areas, would be the cause of this grouping of cases of ringworm of the scalp. The most frequent microorganism in our study (T.tonsurans) coincides with the most prevalent in our environment. This study shows an accumulation of cases that can be taken into account by competent Public Health agencies, which are responsible for ensuring compliance with the rules of disinfection of the material used for shaving (AU)

Introducción Desde 2021 se ha detectado un aumento de casos de tiñas del cuero cabelludo en adolescentes que se cortan el pelo mediante rasurado o degradado. Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo multicéntrico de casos de dermatofitosis del polo cefálico con el antecedente de haber sido contraídas tras el rasurado frecuente en peluquería. Se realizó una llamada a dermatólogos de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (AEDV) para que aportaran casos observados entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. Se incluyeron pacientes con confirmación microbiológica mediante cultivo o examen directo con KOH. Resultados Se recogieron 107 casos, siendo 106 pacientes varones. Se observaron 78 formas no inflamatorias frente a 29 inflamatorias. El hongo aislado con mayor frecuencia fue Trichophyton tonsurans (75,7% de los casos). Las lesiones aparecieron predominantemente en la nuca y en el área temporal. Conclusiones La distribución por sexo, edad y localización lesional parece apuntar a que una nueva tendencia social, en la que adolescentes varones acuden asiduamente a peluquerías para el afeitado de las zonas occipital y temporal, sería la causante de esta agrupación de casos de tiña del cuero cabelludo. El microorganismo más frecuente en nuestro estudio (T.tonsurans) coincide con el más prevalente en nuestro medio. Con el presente estudio se evidencia un acúmulo de casos susceptible de ser tenido en cuenta por organismos competentes de salud pública, a los cuales corresponde velar por el cumplimiento de las normas de desinfección del material empleado para el rasurado (AU)

Outbreak of Dermatophyte Infections on the Head and Neck Related to Shave Haircuts: Description of a Multicenter Case Series. / Brote de dermatofitosis en región de cabeza y cuello asociadas al rasurado en peluquerías: estudio descriptivo multicéntrico de una serie de casos.

INTRODUCTION: Since 2021, an increase in cases of tinea capitis has been detected in adolescents who shave their hair with fade haircut. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicenter retrospective observational study of cases of cephalic pole dermatophytosis with a history of having been acquired after frequent shaving in hairdressing. A call was made to dermatologists from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) to provide cases observed between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients with microbiological confirmation by culture or direct examination with KOH were included. RESULTS: 107 cases were collected, 106 of which were male. 78 non-inflammatory forms were observed, compared to 29 inflammatory. The most frequently isolated fungus was Trichophyton tonsurans (75.7% of cases). The lesions appeared predominantly on the nape of the neck and temporal area. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution by sex, age and lesional location seems to indicate that a new social trend, in which male adolescents regularly go to hairdressers to shave the occipital and temporal areas, would be the cause of this grouping of cases of ringworm of the scalp. The most frequent microorganism in our study (T.tonsurans) coincides with the most prevalent in our environment. This study shows an accumulation of cases that can be taken into account by competent Public Health agencies, which are responsible for ensuring compliance with the rules of disinfection of the material used for shaving.

Functional, neuroplastic and biomechanical changes induced by early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (e-HABIT-ILE) in pre-school children with unilateral cerebral palsy: study protocol of a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) causes motor, cognitive and sensory impairment at different extents. Many recent rehabilitation developments (therapies) have focused solely on the upper extremities (UE), although the lower extremities (LE) are commonly affected. Hand-arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) applies the concepts of motor skill learning and intensive training to both the UE and LE. It involves constant stimulation of the UE and LE, for several hours each day over a 2-week period. The effects of HABIT-ILE have never been evaluated in a large sample of young children. Furthermore, understanding of functional, neuroplastic and biomechanical changes in infants with CP is lacking. The aim of this study is to carry out a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of HABIT-ILE in pre-school children with unilateral CP on functional, neuroplastic and biomechanical parameters. METHODS: This multi-center, 3-country study will include 50 pre-school children with CP aged 1-4 years. The RCT will compare the effect of 50 h (two weeks) of HABIT-ILE versus usual motor activity, including regular rehabilitation. HABIT-ILE will be delivered in a day-camp setting, with structured activities and functional tasks that will be continuously progressed in terms of difficulty. Assessments will be performed at 3 intervals: baseline (T0), two weeks later and 3 months later. Primary outcomes will be the Assisting Hand Assessment; secondary outcomes include the Melbourne Assessment-2, executive function assessments, questionnaires ACTIVLIM-CP, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure, Measure of the Process of Care, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, as well as neuroimaging and kinematics measures. DISCUSSION: We expect that HABIT-ILE will induce functional, neuroplastic and biomechanical changes as a result of the intense, activity-based rehabilitation process and these changes will impact the whole developmental curve of each child, improving functional ability, activity and participation in the short-, mid- and long-term. Name of the registry: Changes Induced by Early HABIT-ILE in Pre-school Children With Uni- and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy (EarlyHABIT-ILE). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number: NCT04020354-Registration date on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP): November 20th, 2018; Registration date on NIH Clinical Trials Registry: July 16th, 2019.

Test sensitivos cuantitativos («Quantitative Sensory Testing») en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del dolor. Breve revisión y propuesta de protocolización de empleo / Quantitative Sensory Testing in pain assesment and treatment. Brief review and algorithmic management proposal

Los estudios sensitivos cuantitativos, más conocidos por sus siglas en inglés QST (Quantitative Sensory Testing), son un conjunto de pruebas que permiten evaluar de forma integral el sistema nociceptivo y obtener información más objetiva de cómo se percibe el dolor. En los últimos años se ha convertido en una herramienta de uso común en muchas Unidades del Dolor y Departamentos de Anestesiología de muchos países. En 2013, el Grupo de Dolor Neuropático de la IASP propuso las primeras recomendaciones para su aplicación en la práctica clínica y en investigación. No obstante, existen multitud de variantes metodológicas publicadas, con estándares no armonizados, que hacen que resulte complejo introducirse en este campo y generalizar su uso. En este trabajo intentamos presentar los fundamentos, tipos de test y dispositivos, metodología de aplicación y su utilidad en Anestesiología y Tratamiento del Dolor

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is used to globally analyze the nociceptive system in order to obtain a more objective understanding of pain perception. In recent years, QST has become a common tool in many pain clinics and anesthesiology departments worldwide. In 2013, the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the IASP put forward the first recommendations for conducting QST in clinical practice and research. However, the wide variety of QST methodologies and standards in the literature make it difficult to generalize the used of this tool in clinical practice. In this study, we present the basic concepts of QST, the type of tests and devices used, how they are applied, and the role of QST in anesthesiology and pain management

Quantitative Sensory Testing in pain assesment and treatment. Brief review and algorithmic management proposal. / Test sensitivos cuantitativos («Quantitative Sensory Testing¼) en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del dolor. Breve revisión y propuesta de protocolización de empleo.

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is used to globally analyze the nociceptive system in order to obtain a more objective understanding of pain perception. In recent years, QST has become a common tool in many pain clinics and anesthesiology departments worldwide. In 2013, the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the IASP put forward the first recommendations for conducting QST in clinical practice and research. However, the wide variety of QST methodologies and standards in the literature make it difficult to generalize the used of this tool in clinical practice. In this study, we present the basic concepts of QST, the type of tests and devices used, how they are applied, and the role of QST in anesthesiology and pain management.

Hidrocéfalo ótico secundario a trombosis del seno lateral en niños: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Otitic hydrocephalus secondary to lateral sinus thrombosis in children: a case report and literature review

La trombosis del seno lateral es una complicación potencialmente mortal de la otitis media aguda, aunque infrecuente en la actualidad debido al amplio uso de antibióticos. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son habitualmente fiebre, cefalea y otalgia, agregándose vómitos, edema de papila y compromiso del estado general. El examen diagnóstico de elección es la resonancia magnética en fase venosa y el manejo incluye terapia antibiótica endovenosa, miringotomía con instalación de tubo de ventilación y mastoidectomía, asociado o no a anticoagulación. Se reporta el caso de un escolar de 9 años derivado al Hospital Carlos Van Buren con un hidrocéfalo ótico secundario a una trombosis del seno lateral, manejado con terapia antibiótica endovenosa, mastoidectomía simple, miringotomía con instalación de tubos de ventilación y anticoagulación, evolucionando favorablemente con regresión de la sintomatología y recanalización del seno en el control imagenológico. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la presentación clínica, diagnóstico y manejo de la trombosis del seno lateral en niños como complicación de la otitis media aguda.

Lateral sinus thrombosis (LST) is a potentially life threatening complication of acute otitis media. However, report rates have been decreasing since the spreaded use of antibiotic prescription. Patient developing LST usually complain about fever, headache and ear pain. Consequently, they may develop vomiting, papilledema and unhealthy-ness. Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) is considered the gold standard for LST diagnosis. Management procedures include parenteral antibiotics, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube and mastoidectomy, associated or not with anticoagulant therapy. The present study reports the case of a 9-year-old male referred to the Hospital Carlos Van Buren diagnosed with an otitic hydrocephalus secondary to lateral sinus thrombosis, managed with intravenous antibiotic therapy, simple mastoidectomy, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement and anticoagulation. Favorable clinical and imagenologic outcomes were obtained. We provide a brief summary about clinical features, diagnosis and management of the LST in children as a complication of acute otitis media.

Trastorno somatomorfo: resolutividad en la atención primaria / Somatoform disorder: response capacity in primary care

El presente artículo, tiene como propósito conocer la capacidad resolutiva de la atención primaria, frente a las necesidades que tienen los pacientes con Trastornos Somatomorfos. Conocer también, la percepción que estos pacientes tienen acerca de la atención recibida. La muestra, está constituida por 25 pacientes pertenecientes a tres Centros de Atención Primaria de la comuna de Chillán. De acuerdo a los resultados, los pacientes perciben que sus demandas de salud sólo "a veces" son resueltas en su centro de atención primaria, pese a los notables costos en recurso humano, farmacológico y exámenes. Los resultados se discuten en relación a las limitaciones presentadas y a las proyecciones.

This paper aims to describe the response capacity of primary care to meet the needs that patients with somatoform disorders. Knowing the type of care delivered and the perception that these patients have about the care provided. The sample consists of 25 patients from three primary care centers in the commune of Chillán. Patients perceive that their health claims are resolved only sometimes in the primary care center, despite considerable human resource costs, and drug tests. The results are discussed in relation to the limitations presented and projections.

Espondilodiscitis infecciosa, absceso epidural y meningitis espinal tras cateterización epidural / No disponible

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Dolor de origen muscular: dolor miofascial y fibromialgia / Muscular pain: myofascial pain síndrome and fibromyalgia

El dolor miofascial es una importante fuente de alteraciones para todos los sujetos que la padecen. Su prevalencia es muy elevada en atención primaria, aunque es aún mayor en los centros de atención especializada, siendo muy variables las cifras que se encuentran en la literatura. Para el estudio de esta entidad es necesario conocer dos conceptos básicos: tensión muscular y “trigger points”. No existe ninguna teoría totalmente aceptada en la actualidad, aunque parece que existe un componente autonómico y otro de sensibilización central. Un minucioso examen físico y una completa historia clínica son los dos elementos fundamentales para llegar al diagnóstico. El dolor miofascial comprende un heterogéneo grupo de enfermedades que requiere un tratamiento multidisciplinar. El tratamiento de elección es la terapia física, en especial los ejercicios de estiramiento diseñados para recuperar la longitud del músculo. La fibromialgia es una entidad que se caracteriza por dolor crónico generalizado y la presencia de puntos sensibles o “tender points”. El origen de esta enfermedad continúa, aún hoy día por dilucidarse. Se han elaborado múltiples teorías, pero en la actualidad no hay ninguna completamente aceptada. Los pacientes presentan rigidez matutina y dolores articulares generalizados, aunque esta enfermedad no es articular. También aparece cefalea crónica, fatiga, trastornos del sueño, parestesias, ansiedad y colon irritable. El diagnóstico se apoya en los criterios de clasificación del Colegio Americano de Reumatología de 1990. Hay que comentar con los enfermos que el tratamiento se instaurará para mejorar la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida, aunque lo más probable es que se consiga sólo de forma parcial. La terapia con antidepresivos tricíclicos mejorará el estado de ánimo y los trastornos del sueño, ambos factores de vital importancia en esta patología. El tratamiento no farmacológico con programas de estiramiento y relajación junto a la terapia psicológica, ayudarán a disminuir la intensidad de los síntomas

Myofascial pain syndromes have a very high prevalence. Two concepts are essential: muscular tension and trigger points. Autonomous and central sensitization components are implicated. Physical examination and a complete clinical history are mandatory. It requires a multidisciplinary treatment, especially with physical therapy. Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and the presence of tender points. In its origin numerous theories exist, but none is totally accepted. Patients present morning rigidity, chronic fatigue, cephalalgia, sleep disturbances, paresthesia, mood disorders, irritable bowel and joint pain. The diagnosis is based upon the classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology 1990. The treatment aims to recover functionality and quality of life, at least partially. Tricyclic antidepressants therapy will improve depression and sleep disturbances. The non pharmacological treatment with stretching and relaxation programs alongside psychological therapy will help to reduce the intensity of symptoms

Intervenciones del psicólogo en las Clínicas del Dolor: una propuesta desde la experiencia de la Unidad del Dolor del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias en Alcalá de Henares, Madrid / Psychological interventions in Pain Clinics: a experiencial proposal from the Pain Clinic of the Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid

Se muestran algunos recursos que la psicología aporta al tratamiento del dolor crónico, tratando de integrarlos de un modo efectivo para que los aplique un solo profesional dentro de la Unidad del Dolor. Como herramientas de evaluación se recurre a la entrevista no estructurada, pero orientada con un guión que aborde aspectos psicológicos del propio dolor y de la vida con dolor. También se criban las posibles psicopatologías mediante un cuestionario basado en los criterios del DSM-IV. El proceso de evaluación es siempre individual y pretende ampliar la información ya recogida por los médicos. La intervención propuesta se basa en diversas técnicas de aplicación grupal, combinando en cada paciente aquellas que se muestren útiles para aumentar su funcionalidad y autonomía. Dichas técnicas son: relajación muscular progresiva, técnicas de respiración, técnicas cognitivas (transformación imaginativa del dolor y del contexto, desviación por medio del pensamiento y de estímulos externos y somatización). El programa resultante aborda los aspectos psicológicos del dolor más estudiados, y aplica intervenciones de efectividad contrastada al máximo de pacientes abarcables por un sólo profesional (AU)

Some psychological resources on the treatment of chronic pain ares shown, trying to integrate them to be applied by a single professional with the maximun effectivity. Structured interview is choosen as the main tool for evaluation, the use of a survey is also recomended as a guide to cover the psychological aspects of the pain and the life with pain. In order to detect psychopatology, a test based on DSM-IV criteria is used. The evaluation process is always individual and it tries to expand the information already collected by the anaesthetists. The suggested intervention is based on several grupal techniques. They are combined for each patient attending to wich ones have shown effectiveness on the increasement of autonomy. Proposed techniques are: progressive muscular relaxation, respiration exercises and some cognitive techniques. The resulting program covers the most studied psychological aspects of the chronic pain, and uses resources with well tested results on the treatment of chronic pain (AU)

Síndrome compartimental unilateral secundario a posición de litotomía prolongada asociada a vasculopatía periférica / Unilateral compartment syndrome secondary to prolonged lithotomy positioning and peripheral vascular disease

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