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1.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 23(5): 420-427, jun. 2019. ilus.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1025103

RESUMO

Indoor and outdoor air pollution has been considered a serious public health problem worldwide, and is associated annually with around 7 million deaths (4.8 million associated with outdoor air and 2.2 million indoor air). The main reasons for these deaths include: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia, ischemic cardiopathy and lung cancer. In addition, epidemiological studies have associated exposure to this type of pollutants with a greater susceptibility to the development of infectious and non-infectious diseases. One of the most important infectious diseases is tuberculosis, which over the years has worsened with the emergence of resistant multi-drug strains, as well as with association with other diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In fact, despite efforts made by the World Health Organization to stop the epidemic, a large number of deaths (about 1.7 million worldwide) are still caused by this disease. In this review, a brief summary will be made of the effects of exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution on the innate immune response against tuberculosis, and how these alterations could be linked to the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.


La contaminación del aire de interiores y de exteriores ha sido considerada un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, el cual se asocia anualmente con alrededor de 7 millones de muertes (4.8 millones asociadas con el aire de exteriores y 2.2 millones con el aire de interiores). Entre las principales razones ligadas a estas muertes se encuentran: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, neumonía, cardiopatía isquémica y cáncer de pulmón. Además, estudios epidemiológicos han asociado la exposición a este tipo de contaminantes con mayor susceptibilidad para la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas y no infecciosas. Entre las enfermedades infecciosas, una de las más importantes es la tuberculosis, la cual, durante el transcurso de los años, ha empeorado con el surgimiento de cepas resistentes a múltiples fármacos, así como por la asociación con otras afecciones como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida). A pesar del esfuerzo realizado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) por detener esta epidemia, aún existen anualmente un gran número de muertes causadas por esta enfermedad: alrededor de 1.7 millones a nivel mundial. En esta revisión se hará un breve resumen de los efectos que tiene la exposición a la contaminación del aire de interiores y de exteriores en la respuesta inmune innata en contra de la tuberculosis, y cómo estas alteraciones pueden estar ligadas a la aparición de tuberculosis pulmonar.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose , Saúde Pública , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Poluição do Ar , Material Particulado , Imunidade , Imunidade Inata
2.
Immunotherapy ; 5(10): 1117-26, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24088080

RESUMO

TB is an infectious disease that still has an enormous impact on public health worldwide. With the continuous increasing epidemic of multidrug-resistant TB, new drugs and vaccines are urgently needed. In the last decade there has been a broad advance in the knowledge of innate immunity in TB. Together with the growing research regarding immunomodulators, new promising insights have been developed that can contribute in the control of TB. This is the case of antimicrobial peptides, which can be potential therapeutic or adjuvant agents. The current high cost of antimicrobial peptide synthesis may be a current deterrent for treatment; antimicrobial peptide-inducers can be an alternative for low-cost treatment and/or adjuvants.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia/métodos , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/terapia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Imunomodulação , Imunoterapia/economia , Isoleucina/metabolismo , Isoleucina/uso terapêutico , Regulação para Cima , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico
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