Copy Number Variation and Frequency of rs179008 in TLR7 Gene Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Two Mexican Populations.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to develop it. Genes related to the synthesis of interferons such as TLR7 and genetics factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or copies number variation (CNV) in the gene have been involved with the development of the disease. The genetic differences between the populations contribute to the complexity of LES. Mexico has a mestizo population with a genetic load of at least three origins: Amerindian, Caucasian, and African. The mestizo of Yucatán is the only group whose contribution Amerindian is mainly Mayan, geographically distant from other Mexican Amerindians. We analyzed the CNV and the frequency of SNP rs179008 of the TLR7 as genetic risk factors in developing the disease in patients from Yucatán and Central Mexico. Results show that 14% of the cases of the Yucatecan population showed significantly >2 CNV and a higher risk of developing the disease (OR: 34.364), concerning 4% of those coming from Central Mexico (OR: 10.855). T allele and the A/T and T/T risk genotypes of rs179008 were more frequent in patients of Central Mexico than in those of Yucatán (50% vs. 30%, 93% vs. 30%, 4% vs. 1%), and association with susceptibility to develop SLE was observed (OR: 1.5 vs. 0.58, 9.54 vs. 0.66, 12 vs. 0.14). Data support the genetic differences between and within Mexican mestizo populations and the role of the TLR7 in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Expression of TLR-7, MyD88, NF-kB, and INF-α in B Lymphocytes of Mayan Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving multiple organs. It is currently accepted that several genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors are contributing to its development. Innate immunity may have a great influence in autoimmunity through Toll-like receptors. TLR-7 recognizing single-strand RNA has been involved in SLE. Its activation induces intracellular signal with attraction of MyD88 and NF-kBp65, leading to IFN-α synthesis which correlate with disease activity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of TLR-7, MyD88, and NF-kBp65 in B lymphocytes of Mayan women with SLE. METHODS: One hundred patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls, all of them Mayan women, were included. TLR-7 was analyzed on B and T lymphocytes, and MyD88 and NF-kB only in B lymphocytes. Serum INF-α level was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS: Significant expression (p < 0.0001) of TLR-7 in B and T lymphocytes and serum IFN-α increased (p = 0.034) was observed in patients. MyD88 and NF-kBp65 were also increased in B lymphocytes of patients. TLR-7 and NF-kBp65 expression correlated, but no correlation with INF-α and disease activity was detected. CONCLUSION: Data support the role of TLR-7 and signal proteins in the pathogenesis of SLE in the Mayan population of Yucatán.

Comparación y sinergia en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial esencial / Synergy of verapamil and enalapril in the treatment of arterial hypertension

Se estudiaron 40 pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial leve o moderada. Se administraron diariamente 240 mg verapamil o 10 mg de enalapril, así como placebo. El tiempo total del estudio fue de 24 semanas: 2 de "lavado" 6 con uno de los medicamentos, nuevo "lavado" de 2 semanas y 6 con el medicamento alterno. en quienes persistió la tensión artesial diastólica (TDA) superior a 90 mmHg, se administraron simultáneamente ambos medicamentos durante 8 semanas más. Los pacientes se asignaron de manera alterna a cada uno de los 2 grupos formados. Cuando el primer medicamento fue el verapamil, la TAD fue menor de 90 mmHg en 15 de 19 y con enalapril lo fue en 12 de 20. Con enalapril, como segundo medicamento, la TAD se normalizó en 16 de 19 y con verapamil en los 18 estudiados. Tres normalizaron su TAD con la administración simultánea de ambos. Dos pacientes abandonaron el estudio por razones personales y uno por la presencia de tos al usar el enalapril. No hubo ningún otro efecto colateral indeseable. Los estudios de laboratorio no mostraron cambios. La eficacia de ambos productos fue similar. La sinegia quedó evidenciada por la mejoría de los pacientes que no respondieron a un solo producto y sí lo hicieron al administrarlos juntos