[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord. Presentation of one case and literature revision]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de cordón espermático. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord. An 80-years-old man was admitted to the hospital with a left scrotal mass, related to a genital traumatism several months ago. Under the suspicion of a testicular tumor, left radical orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination of the tumoral mass revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor was firmly adhered to the spermatic cord. MFH is an extremely rare, highly malignant connective tissue tumor, which may, occasionally, affect the male genital tract. There are no agreed treatment principles. The overall prognosis is poor.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de cordón espermático. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord. Presentation of one case and literature revision

Presentamos un caso de un histiocitoma fibroso maligno (HFM) de cordón espermático. Un varón de 80 años fue admitido en nuestro hospital con una masa escrotal izquierda, relacionada con un traumatismo genital hacia varios meses. Ante la sospecha de un tumor testicular, se practicó una orquiectomia radical izquierda. El examen histológico de la masa tumoral, reveló un Histiocitoma fibroso maligno. El tumor estaba firmemente adherido al cordón espermático. El HFM es un tumor de alta malignidad derivado del tejido conectivo, el cual puede ocasionalmente, afectar al tracto genital masculino. No hay acuerdo respecto a un tratamiento principal y el pronóstico en general, es pobre (AU)

We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord. An 80-years old man was admitted to the hospital with a left scrotal mass, related to a genital traumatism several months ago. Under the suspicion of a testicular tumor, left radical orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination of the tumoral mass revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor was firmly adhered to the spermatic cord. MFH is an extremely rare, highly malignant connective tissue tumor, which may, occasionally, affect the male genital tract. There are no agreed treatment principles. The overall prognosis is poor (AU)

Tumores del tracto urinario superior. Nuestra experiencia / Tumors of the upper urinary tract. Our experience

Objetivo: Estudiar la clínica, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, y la evolución de los tumores del tracto urinario superior. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los tumores del aparato urinario superior tratados en nuestro centro, HCU Valladolid, entre 1994 y 2007. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 65 tumores, de los cuales sólo 59 entraron en el estudio. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 68 años (intervalo entre 46 y 88 años). Nos encontramos 47 varones frente a 12 mujeres. La hematuria fue el signo clínico inicial más frecuente, apareciendo en el 79,9% de los casos. La Urografía fue la técnica diagnóstica más utilizada (96,6%). La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la nefroureterectomía con desinserción endoscópica del uréter, realizada en 28 ocasiones. En 9 pacientes se aplicó tratamiento conservador vía percutánea con una única recidiva y en 2 tratamiento ureteroscópico. El 50,9% de los tumores fueron superficiales. Hubo un 37% de afectación vesical concomitante. La supervivencia a los cinco y diez años fue del 55 y 47% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los tumores de aparato urinario superior son una entidad rara, que aparece en la edad media-avanzada de la vida. La nefroureterectomía radical es hoy por hoy el tratamiento estandar, ya sea vía abierta o laparóscopica. El tratamiento endóscopico cada vez tiene más importancia y presenta excelentes resultados en casos seleccionados (AU)

Objectives: To study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and evolution of upper urinary tract tumours. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on the upper urinary tract tumours treated in our centre, HCU Valladolid, between 1994 and 2007. Results: 65 tumours were diagnosed, although only 59 were valid for the study. Mean patient age was 68 years (interval between 46 and 88 years). 47 were men and 12 women. The most common symptom on presentation was hematuria (79,9%). Urography was the most frequently used diagnostic technique (96,6%) and nephroureterectomy with transurethral resection of the intramural ureter was the most common surgical treatment performed, carried out in 28 cases. 9 patients underwent percutaneous treatment with only one recurrence, and 2 patients received ureteroscopic treatment. 50,9 % of the lesions were classified as superficial tumours. The 5 and 10-year survival rates were 55 and 47%. Conclusions: Upper urinary tract tumours are an unusual disease characteristic of medium-advanced ages. Nowadays nephroureterectomy by open surgery or laparoscopy is the standard treatment. Conservative endoscopic procedures have more and more importance and present excellent results in highly selected cases (AU)

Empleo del catéter doble J para la prevención de las complicaciones urológicas en el trasplante renal / The use of double J stent for prevention of urological complications in kidney transplants

Objetivo: Analizar si la cateterización sistemática de la anastomosis ureterovesical en el trasplante renal mediante un catéter doble J disminuye la incidencia de las complicaciones urológicas tipo fístula y estenosis ureterales. Material y métodos: En el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2003 y diciembre de 2004 realizamos 59 trasplantes renales de donante cadáver. Establecemos dos grupos, grupo A pacientes que durante el trasplante se les coloca un catéter doble J y grupo B pacientes trasplantados sin colocación de catéter. Mediante un estudio retrospectivo analizamos la incidencia de fístulas urinarias, estenosis ureterales y procesos infecciosos en ambos grupos. Resultados: En el grupo A (con catéter doble J) se detectaron 1 caso de estenosis ureteral y 2 casos (7%)de fístula urinaria. En un paciente fue necesaria la retirada del catéter al producir obstrucción por coágulos. Trece pacientes (46%) presentaron un cultivo de orina positivo. En el grupo B (sin catéter doble J) se evidenciaron 4 casos (13%) de estenosis ureteral y 5 casos (16%) de fístula urinaria. Nueve pacientes (29%) presentaron un cultivo de orina positivo. Conclusión: El empleo del catéter doble J de forma profiláctica en el trasplante renal, disminuye las fístulas urinarias y en mayor medida las estenosis ureterales (AU)

Objetive: To analyze the impact of the use of the double J stent in the incidence of urological complications, like fistula urinary and ureteral obstruction in kidney transplants. Materials and methods: Between August 2003 and December 2005, 59 adult recipients underwent renal transplant. A retrospective study was conducted on two groups of patients: Group A with double J stent and group B without it. We reviewed the urological complications: fistula, ureteral obstruction and urinary tract infection. Results: Group A: One ureteral obstruction and two urinary fistulas (7%) were developed in this group. 13 patients (46%) had a positive urinary culture. In only one case was necessary to retire the double J stent because of ureteral obstruction. Group B: Four patients (13%) developed ureteral obstruction and another five (16%) developed urinary fistula. 9 patients (29%) had a positive urinary culture. Conclusion: The routine insertion of a double J stent in kidney transplants reduces the number of early complications urinary fistula and ureteral obstructions (AU)

[Diagnosis and treatment of urological complications in kidney transplants]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones uroógicas del trasplante renal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of urological complications, like fistula and stenosis in our series of 282 renal transplants and their management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1995 and October 2005, 282 adult recipients underwent renal transplant. The most common urological complication was urinary fistula. This complication was observed in 24 cases (8.5%), ureteral stenosis in 18 cases (6.4%) and both of them in 5 (1.7%). The items recorded on these patients included the time to diagnosis, the image technique, the type of ureteral stents and the clinical evolution. RESULTS: Endourologic treatment with percutaneos nefrostomy, double-J catheter and metalic endoprotesis was performed successfully in 76.4% of urinary fistula, in 66.7% of ureteral obstruction and in 60% of patients who developed both of them. CONCLUSION: Endourologic procedures have replaced open reconstructive surgery in most patients with ureteral obstruction or urinary fistula after renal transplant, because they may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones urológicas del trasplante renal / Diagnosis and treatment of urological complications in kidney transplants

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de las complicaciones urológicas, fístulas y estenosis urinarias, observadas en nuestra serie de 282 trasplantes así como el tratamiento de las mismas. Material y métodos: Entre diciembre de 1995 y octubre de 2005, hemos realizado 282 trasplantes renales. La complicación urológica más frecuente ha sido la fístula urinaria observándose en 24 casos (8,5%), seguida de la estenosis ureteral en 18 casos (6,4%) y en 5 casos se observaron ambas complicaciones. Dentro de los datos recogidos de los pacientes destacamos el tiempo de diagnóstico, las técnicas de imagen empleadas, el tipo de catéter ureteral empleado y la evolución clínica. Resultados: El tratamiento endourológico mediante nefrostomía percutánea, catéter doble J y endoprótesis ha sido eficaz en el 76,4% de las fístulas urinarias, en el 66,7% de las estenosis ureterales y en el 60% de los pacientes que presentaron ambas complicaciones. Conclusión: El tratamiento endourológico ha reemplazado a las técnicas de cirugía abierta en el manejo de la mayoría de las estenosis ureterales y fístulas urinarias post-trasplante renal, al ser un tratamiento definitivo con una baja morbilidad asociada

Objective: To analyze the incidence of urological complications, like fistula and stenosis in our series of 282 renal transplants and their management. Materials and methods: Between December 1995 and October 2005, 282 adult recipients underwent renal transplant .The most common urological complication was urinary fistula. This complication was observed in 24 cases (8.5%), ureteral stenosis in 18 cases (6.4%) and both of them in 5 (1.7%). The items recorded on these patients included the time to diagnosis, the image technique, the type of ureteral stents and the clinical evolution. Results: Endourologic treatment with percutaneos nefrostomy, double-J catheter and metalic endoprotesis was performed successfully in 76.4% of urinary fistula, in 66.7% of ureteral obstruction and in 60% of patients who developed both of them. Conclusion: Endourologic procedures have replaced open reconstructive surgery in most patients with ureteral obstruction or urinary fistula after renal transplant, because they may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity

Agenesia renal derecha y abocamiento ectópico del uréter en dilatación quística de la vesícula seminal / Right renal agenesis and ureter ectopic abouchement in cystic dilation of seminal vesicle

La asociación de una dilatación quística de la vesícula seminal con agenesia renal ipsilateral, fue descrita por primera vez por Zinner en 1914, constituyendo una anomalía congénita muy poco frecuente. La presencia añadida de la desembocadura ectópica del uréter en dicha vesícula seminal quística resulta aún más excepcional. En estas circunstancias, la clínica suele presentarse a partir de los 15 años de edad, debido a la distensión de la vesícula por las secreciones seminales, siendo el disconfort perineal y las epididimitis de repetición las formas de presentación más frecuentes. Ante el hallazgo clínico-radiológico de una masa quística pélvica, es obligada la revisión del tracto urinario superior. La resonancia magnética (RM) se muestra como la mejor técnica de imagen para este objetivo, así como para precisar la localización del abocamiento ectópico ureteral en la vesícula seminal. Aportamos un nuevo caso de esta infrecuente malformación congénita en el que únicamente la RM entre todas las pruebas de imagen, permitió un claro diagnóstico preoperatorio y una adecuada planificación quirúrgica

The association of a seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral renal agenesis was initially reported in 1914 by Zinner, and it is a very rare congenital anomaly. The association of this anomaly with an ectopic ureter entering the seminal vesicle cyst is even less common. In these cases, clinical symptoms appear in patients 15 years or older due to the distention of the seminal vesicle caused by the secretions of the reproductive tract. Perineal discomfort and recurrent epididymitis are the most often presentations. Urogenital upper tract image studies are mandatory in the management of a cystic pelvic mass and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best of this radiographic studies, that also reveals the ectopic ureter draining into the seminal vesicle. We report an additional case of this rare congenital anomaly where only MRI provided a correct preoperative diagnosis and a right surgical approach

[Right renal agenesis and ureter ectopic abouchement in cystic dilation of seminal vesicle]. / Agenesia renal derecha y abocamiento ectópico del uréter en dilatación quística de la vesícula seminal.

The association of a seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral renal agenesis was initially reported in 1914 by Zinner, and it is a very rare congenital anomaly. The association of this anomaly with an ectopic ureter entering the seminal vesicle cyst is even less common. In these cases, clinical symptoms appear in patients 15 years or older due to the distention of the seminal vesicle caused by the secretions of the reproductive tract. Perineal discomfort and recurrent epididymitis are the most often presentations. Urogenital upper tract image studies are mandatory in the management of a cystic pelvic mass and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best of this radiographic studies, that also reveals the ectopic ureter draining into the seminal vesicle. We report an additional case of this rare congenital anomaly where only MRI provided a correct preoperative diagnosis and a right surgical approach.

[Traumatic intrathoracic herniation of the left kidney]. / Herniación intratorácica traumática del riñón izquierdo.

The detection of a intrathoracic kidney is an exceptional discovery. There is a large period of time between the injury and its clinical presentation revising the literature, so it is possible that the herniation of the kidney into the chest was caused by a rise in intra-abdominal pressure but going through a preexistent congenital way not caused by the traumatism. In order to dismiss this possibility and to prove the traumatic origin of the diaphragmatic rupture, surgeons have examined the intraoperative characteristics of the rupture's borders. The elevation of the kidney has been said to be progressive because of the positive intra-thoracic pressure and the negative intra-abdominal one. Our objective is to report an extraordinary case of abdominal traumatism whose clinic and radiological proofs let us get a rapid diagnosis and surgical demonstration of the direct herniation of the left kidney into the chest through a diaphragmatic rupture caused by the same traumatism.

Herniación intratorácica traumática del riñón izquierdo / Intrathoracic traumatic herniation of the left kidney

La aparición de un riñón intratorácico como consecuencia de un traumatismo es un hallazgo excepcional. En la revisión de otros casos publicados en la literatura hay habitualmente un dilatado periodo de latencia hasta la manifestación clínica del proceso, por lo que se planteaba la posibilidad de que el incremento de la presión abdominal fuera únicamente el causante del ascenso hacia el tórax del riñón, a través de un trayecto congénito previamente existente y no causado por el traumatismo. Para descartar esta posibilidad y demostrar el origen traumático de la brecha diafragmática se ha recurrido al examen intraoperatorio de las características de los bordes del orificio herniario. Así mismo se ha sugerido que el ascenso del riñón sea progresivo en el tiempo, como consecuencia de la presión positiva abdominal y negativa intratorácica. Nuestro objetivo es presentar un caso extraordinario de traumatismo abdominal en el que la clínica y el estudio radiológico permitieron un diagnóstico inmediato y la constatación quirúrgica del ascenso directo del riñón izquierdo al tórax a través de un orificio herniario diafragmático de nueva adquisición como consecuencia del propio traumatismo (AU)

The detection of a intrathoracic kidney is an exceptional discovery. There is a large period of time between the injury and its clinical presentation revising the literature, so it is possible that the herniation of the kidney into the chest was caused by a rise in intra-abdominal pressure but going through a preexistent congenital way not caused by the traumatism. In order to dismiss this possibility and to prove the traumatic origin of the diaphragmatic rupture, surgeons have examinated the intraoperative characteristics of the rupture's borders. The elevation of the kidney has been said to be progressive because of the possitive intra-thoracic pressure and the negative intra-abdominal one. Our objetive is to report an extraordinary case of abdominal traumatism whose clinic and radiological proofs let us get a rapid diagnosis and surgical demonstration of the direct herniation of the left kidney into the chest through a diaphragmatic rupture caused by the same traumatism (AU)

[Endoscopic treatment of ureteral lithiasis. Our experience with 360 retrograde uretero-renal endoscopies in the last ten years]. / Tratamiento endoscópico de la litiasis ureteral. Nuestra experiencia en 360 ureterorrenoscopias retrógradas en los últimos 10 años.

Presentation of results and complications obtained in 360 procedures of transuretral ureterorenoscopy (URS) in ureteral lithiasis performed in our unit from january 1990 to august 2000 in 354 patients: 55% female and 45% male. A rigid ureteroscopy Storz 10.5 Ch. was used and intracorporeal lithotripsy was necessary in 17.31% of cases. URS indications were always treatment of ureteral lithiasis, pelvic ureter localization in most cases (70.33%) being 93.05% the percentage of overall success and with a significant decrease when the calculus was located in the upper third of the ureter. Serious complications were only 3.05% of cases and endoscopic surgery was necessary in three cases of ureteral stenosis. In our experience, URS is our technique of choice for treatment of lower and medium third of the ureter where the percentage of success we have obtained were 98.99% and 95.83% respectively.

[Giant renal angiomyolipoma]. / Angiomiolipoma renal gigante.

OBJECTIVE: To present a cae of giant renal angiomyolipoma that required surgical treatment owing to its size and concomitant intratumoral hemorrhage. METHODS: The characteristics of the case are presented and discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Giant renal angiomyolipoma is one of the most frequent causes of Wünderlich syndrome and is diagnosed by ultrasound and CT. The decision to operate is based on the size of the lesion and/or symptomatology, as in the case described herein, which required a simple nephrectomy.

[Intestinal obstruction secondary to peritoneal carcinomatosis after iatrogenic perforation during TUR for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder]. / Obstrucción intestinal secundaria a carcinomatosis peritoneal tras perforación yatrogénica durante RTU de carcinoma de células transicionales de vejiga.

OBJECTIVE: A case of intestinal obstruction following transurethral resection (TUR) of a locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is presented. METHODS/RESULTS: The unique features of the present case are described. Laparotomy was performed and peritoneal carcinomatosis was found. Renal function became impaired and the abdominal condition persisted. The patient died five days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal obstruction following TUR of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is an uncommon complication that is mainly due to peritoneal seeding following iatrogenic perforation of the tumor or the bladder wall during resection. Still, TUR is undeniably useful in the diagnosis, staging and treatment of bladder neoplasm.

[Nesbit's cavernoplasty in the treatment of congenital curvature of the penis. Our own cases]. / Cavernoplastia de Nesbit en el tratamiento de la incurvación congénita de pene. Nuestra casuística.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to evaluate the results of Nesbit cavernoplasty in the treatment of congenital penile curvature without hypospadias and the sexual performance in relation with the minimum subsequent shortening of the penis and the discomfort caused by the cavernous scar. METHODS: 21 patients were followed by means of case history and consultations. This was completed with a questionnaire and, in some cases, long-term postoperative photographs taken by the patients of their erections. RESULTS: No complications were observed. Good cosmetic results were achieved in all cases and both erection and sexual performance were completely satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Nesbit cavernoplasty is a completely satisfactory technique for the correction of congenital penile curvature without hypospadias. The results obtained show that all the objectives pursued are achieved and, moreover, that the patient feels cured and completely satisfied with the results.