In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk.

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the use of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) as antivirals against caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk of goat nannies. These were collected from eight individuals and infected with the standard strain of CLV. Samples were then subdivided into aliquots and treated with 150 µg/mL of crude extract, and with ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for 30, 60, and 90 min. Next, somatic cells from colostrum and milk were co-cultured with cells from the ovine third eyelid. After this step, viral titers of the supernatants collected from treatments with greater efficacy in co-culture were assessed. The organic ethyl acetate fractions of both plants at 90 min possibly inhibited the viral activity of CLV by up to a thousandfold in colostrum. In milk, this inhibition was up to 800 times for the respective Meliaceae. In conclusion, the ethanolic fraction of ethyl acetate from both plants demonstrated efficacy against CLV in samples from colostrum and milk when subjected to treatment, which was more effective in colostrum.

Evaluating the renal function in goats submitted to a treatment with hemolysed blood / Alterações renais funcionais em caprinos submetidos a infusão intravenosa de hemolisado

In order to evaluate the effects of hemoglobinemia on renal function, urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine tests were done onthirty two goats submitted to a treatment with hemolysed blood. Blood samples were collected from five animals of the first group in an amount of 5 ml/kg of body weight, submitted to mechanical rupture by freezing and 2 days later, given to the same animal by intravenous route. The second and third groups were each consisted by five goats; 10 ml/kg/BU blood samples were collected from goats of the group II and 15 ml/kg/BW blood samples from group III animals and afterward submitted to the same procedure as done in group I. Animal of the group IV were submitted to intravenous adninistration of 2.5 ml hemolysed blood/kg/BW every other day for 8 days, following a single collection of 10 ml/kg/BU in the first day. Urinalysis revealed glucosuria, hemoglobinuria and isosthenuria, but no alterations were found in the blood urea nitrogen and serun creatinine levels throughout the experiment.

0 presente estudo foi realizado em 32 caprinos, adultos. Sem Raça Definida (SRD), sendo 16 machos e 16 fêmeas, com propósito de constatar a existência de alterações funcionais renais em caprinos submetidos à aplicação intravenosa de hemolisado, através de quantificação dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina. Constitui ram-se 4 grupos, cada um composto de 8 animais, dos quais 5 foram submetidos a infusão de hemolísado e 3 permaneceram como controle. Nos animais dos grupos I, II e III retiraram-se volumes sangüíneos respectivamente a 5, 10 e 15 ml/kg de peso corpóreo. Cada animal do grupo hemólise recebeu, por via intravenosa lenta, após ruptura mecânica das hemácias por congelamento, o hemolisado em igual volume ao sangue retirado. Os animais controle receberam, também por via intravenosa lenta, solução salina fisiológica a 0,87% em igual volune ao do sangue retirado. No grupo IV, realizou-se a sangria de 10 ml/kg de peso, e a reposição do hemolisado se fez na dose de 2,5 ml/kg de peso vivo, com intervalos de 48 horas. Os resultados encontrados nas diferentes dosagens adninistradas, permitiram concluir que, ao nível tubular, houve alterações funcionais, demonstradas pelo exame de urina (glicosúria, hemoglobinúria e tendência a isostenúria) e que, ao nível glomerular, não houve alterações de fluxo nem da função que pudessem ser identificadas através da determ