Exercise training induces thrombogenic benefits in recent but not late postmenopausal females.

Although regular physical activity is known to improve cardiovascular health in men, evidence for its beneficial effects in postmenopausal females is less convincing and it remains unclear whether initiation of exercise training soon after, rather than many years after menopause impacts the magnitude of training-induced adaptations. We evaluated exercise-induced changes in markers of thrombotic risk and conduit artery function in recent≤5yr compared with late≥10yr postmenopausal females. Fourteen recent≤5yr and 13 late≥10yr healthy postmenopausal females completed 8 wk of regular intensive exercise training, consisting of floorball and cycling. Markers of thrombotic risk and vascular health were assessed before and after the intervention, and data were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Exercise training reduced markers of thrombotic risk, including an 11% reduction (P = 0.007) in agonist-induced platelet reactivity and a reduction (P = 0.027) in incipient clot microstructure (∼40% reduction in clot mass) in the recent≤5yr but not the late≥10yr (P = 0.380; P = 0.739, respectively) postmenopausal females. There was no change in conduit artery function, as measured by brachial (recent≤5yr, P = 0.804; late≥10yr, P = 0.311) and popliteal artery (recent≤5yr, P = 0.130; late≥10yr, P = 0.434) flow-mediated dilation. Only the late≥10yr postmenopausal females exhibited an increase (by 9.6%, P = 0.022) in intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels after training, which may have impacted the thrombogenic adaptation in this group. These findings suggest that 8 wk of high-intensity exercise training reduces thrombotic risk in recent≤5yr, but not late≥10yr postmenopausal females. Thus, regular physical activity initiated soon after, rather than many years after menopause and at a higher age, may be more efficient for reducing thrombogenic risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eight weeks of high-intensity exercise training reduces platelet reactivity as well as blood clot density and strength in females ≤5 yr past menopause but not in females ≥10 yr past menopause. The divergent response in the late postmenopausal females may be explained by training-induced low-grade systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that regular physical activity initiated soon after menopause, compared with many years after menopause, may be more efficient for reducing the risk of blood clots.

Behavior of rats treated with Rhus toxicodendron 200cH / Conducta da ratones tratados con Rhus toxicodendron

One of the main pathogenetic characteristic of Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus-t) is the presence ofarticular pain and aggravation on standing, which improve only by motion. The present studyproposes an experimental model to evaluate the action of Rhus-t 200cH. Rats were divided into 3groups according to treatment received (Rhus-t, diazepam and water); each group was furtherdivided into two sub-groups according to the initial pattern of behavior (hyperactive andhypoactive) as assessed by open-field procedure. A second evaluation of behavior performed 24hours later pointed out to the effects of the medications under study. Results were analyzedthrough Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s test, with a level of significance p 0,05.(AU)

Uma das características patogenéticas principais de Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus-t) é a presença de dor articular e agravação em pé, melhorando exclusivamente com o movimento. O presente estudo propõe um modelo experimental para avaliar a ação de Rhus-t 200cH. Ratos foram divididos em 3 grupos de tratamento (Rhus-t, diazepam e água); cada grupo doi subdividido em 2 subgrupos de acordo com o padrão inicial de conduta (hiper e hipoativos) em procedimento de campo aberto. Uma segunda avaliação da conduta, realizada 24 horas após, indicou o efeito dos medicamentos sob estudo. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Ealis/Dunn com nível de significância p=0,05.(AU)

Behavior of rats treated with Rhus toxicodendron 200cH / Conducta da ratones tratados con Rhus toxicodendron 200cH

One of the main pathogenetic characteristic of Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus-t) is the presence ofarticular pain and aggravation on standing, which improve only by motion. The present studyproposes an experimental model to evaluate the action of Rhus-t 200cH. Rats were divided into 3groups according to treatment received (Rhus-t, diazepam and water); each group was furtherdivided into two sub-groups according to the initial pattern of behavior (hyperactive andhypoactive) as assessed by open-field procedure. A second evaluation of behavior performed 24hours later pointed out to the effects of the medications under study. Results were analyzedthrough Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s test, with a level of significance p 0,05.

Uma das características patogenéticas principais de Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus-t) é a presença de dor articular e agravação em pé, melhorando exclusivamente com o movimento. O presente estudo propõe um modelo experimental para avaliar a ação de Rhus-t 200cH. Ratos foram divididos em 3 grupos de tratamento (Rhus-t, diazepam e água); cada grupo doi subdividido em 2 subgrupos de acordo com o padrão inicial de conduta (hiper e hipoativos) em procedimento de campo aberto. Uma segunda avaliação da conduta, realizada 24 horas após, indicou o efeito dos medicamentos sob estudo. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Ealis/Dunn com nível de significância p=0,05.