Rapid serum agglutination and agar gel immunodiffusion tests associated to clinical signs in rams experimentally infected with Brucella ovis / Teste de soro aglutinação rápida e do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar associados aos sinais clínicos em carneiros infectados experimentalmente com Brucella ovis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agar gel immunodiffusion and the rapid serum agglutination tests associated to clinical signs in rams experimentally infected with Brucella ovis. The serological profile during the 12 months of infection showed a large fluctuation of antibodies that favors the failure in the diagnostic. The evaluation of tests after the experimental infection allowed to suggest that none of the tests were able to detect the infection throughout the period of study. The study reinforces the importance of considering the clinical signs to support the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in rams.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar e o teste sorológico de aglutinação rápida comparados aos sinais clínicos em carneiros infectados experimentalmente com Brucella ovis para o diagnóstico confirmatório da brucelose ovina. O perfil sorológico durante os 12 meses pós-infecção mostrou flutuação da resposta por anticorpos, que favorece a falha no diagnóstico. A avaliação dos testes indicou que nenhum dos testes foi capaz de detectar a infecção durante todo o período de estudo. O estudo ressalta a importância de considerar os sinais clínicos para apoiar o diagnóstico confirmatório da infecção por Brucella ovis em carneiros.

Lipid peroxidation and generation of hydrogen peroxide in frozen-thawed ram semen cryopreserved in extenders with antioxidants.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of the antioxidants Trolox and catalase to a ram semen cryopreservation extender on lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide generation on the extender and in the thawed semen. Semen was collected from 23 Santa Inês rams (one ejaculate per ram) and diluted at 32°C to a concentration of 400×106 cells/ml in one of the following solution: Tris-egg yolk extender (control), or the same extender supplemented with either 50µM Trolox/108 sperm (Trolox), 50µgcatalase/ml (Catalase) or a combination of Trolox and catalase (Tro+cat, 50µM Trolox/108 sperm and 50µg catalase/ml). The semen was loaded into 0.25ml straws, cooled and frozen in a programmable freezer and subsequently stored in liquid nitrogen. Prior to evaluation, frozen straws were thawed in a water bath (42°C for 20s). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), both spontaneous and catalyzed, on the semen and the extender were measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay in accordance with the method described by Buege and Aust (1978). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation was measured using the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red to a derivative with absorbance at 610nm, according to the method described by Pick and Keisari (1980). Spontaneous LPO resulted in the least production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the Tro+cat (1.37±0.02nMol/108 sperm), compared to amounts in the other treatments groups. In the catalyzed LPO experiments, the least (P<0.05) amounts of TBARS were observed in Trolox (2.52±0.02nMol/108 sperm) and Tro+cat (2.54±0.02nMol/108 sperm) groups, compared to the control (3.81±0.02nMol/108 sperm) and catalase (3.83±0.02nMol/108 sperm) groups. Hydrogen peroxide generation was less (P<0.05) in the Trolox (6.00±0.18nMol/40×10(6)sperm/±40min) and Tro+cat (6.08±0.18nMol/40×106sperm/±40min) groups than in the control (6.97±0.18nMol/40×106 sperm/±40min) and catalase (6.53±0.18nMol/40×106 sperm/±40min) groups. Compared to the control group, Trolox and catalase treatment significantly reduced TBARS in catalyzed LPO and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the samples (P<0.05). ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation occurred in all extenders, without sperm cells. The data presented provide evidence that ROS are produced in ram semen, both in the extender and during the freezing and thawing process. In addition, the data suggest that the antioxidants Trolox and catalase may be used to control the oxidative stress imposed on ram spermatozoa by the cryopreservation process.

Estado neurológico e cardiorrespiratório de filhotes de cães nascidos de parto normal ou de cesariana sob anestesia geral inalatória com sevofluorano / Neurological and cardiocirculatory investigation of dog neonates born by normal parturition or cesarean section on sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia

A anestesia obstétrica possibilita um procedimento mais seguro para a mãe e para os fetos. Em medicina veterinária, no entanto, a literatura científica a respeito do assunto é deficiente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de depressão neurológica, hemodinâmica e respiratória fetais provocado pelo agente anestésico, em que as mães foram submetidas ao parto normal ou à cesariana, utilizando-se sevofluorano como agente de manutenção anestésica, comparando-o com o parto normal. Foram realizados seis partos normais (GN) e seis cesarianas (GC), avaliando-se um total de 36 filhotes. As cesarianas foram realizadas utilizando-se acepromazina, propofol e sevofluorano (GC) e os neonatos foram avaliados clinicamente ao primeiro, quinto e décimo minuto de nascimento, nos dois grupos. Observou-se maior depressão respiratória nos filhotes nascidos de cesariana. Contudo, apesar dessa depressão, o protocolo anestésico empregado não comprometeu de maneira importante a viabilidade e a saúde das mães e dos filhotes, demonstrando ser seguro em cadelas gestantes.

The obstetric anesthesia must be safe for mother and puppies and about this, the literature is pour. This study was aimed at evaluating the neurological, hemodinamic and respiratory changes in neonates provoked by the anestesic agent as a result of normal parturition and cesarean section employing sevoflurane as the maintenance agent. Six deliveries (GN) and six cesarean sections (GC) were performed. The cesarean sections were performed under general anesthesia using acepromazina maleate, propofol and sevoflurane. Thirty six puppies were evaluated and the neurologic reflexes were worse in that were born through cesarean section. However, we concluded that despite the anesthetic depression, the protocol employed didn,t affect in any important way the viability and health of the mothers and puppies, being suitable for cesarean sections.