From Novice to Expert: How Expertise Shapes Motor Variability in Sports Biomechanics-a Scoping Review.

With expertise, athletes develop motor strategies that enhance sports performance or reduce functional costs. Motor variability is known as a relevant way to characterize these strategies in athletes with different levels of expertise. The aim of this scoping review is to gather and discuss the latest advances in the impact of expertise on motor variability during sports-related tasks. A search encompassing three databases, Medline, SportDiscus, and Academic Search Complete, was performed. Our research methodology included three core themes: motor variability, laboratory instruments, and sports. Motor variability metrics (e.g., standard deviation and approximate entropy) and laboratory instruments (e.g., motion capture system, EMG, and force plate) were compiled. Athletes' expertise was defined by the time of deliberate practice, the performance results, or the level in which they performed. Overall, 48 of the 59 included studies determined that higher-skilled athletes had lesser motor variability than lower-skilled athletes. This difference in motor variability between skill levels was present within individual athletes (intra-individual) and between athletes (inter-individual). This result was independent of the criteria used to define expertise, the type of instrumentation used, and the metrics used to quantify motor variability.

Sport practice and depression during adolescence: Special emphasis on performance level and sport discipline.

OBJECTIVES: Depression is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, with almost half of the adolescent population affected according to latest research. Given this serious burden of disease, research points toward interventions that could effectively fight this disease in this population subset. One of these pivotal interventions is physical activity, although the effects of different sport types and sport performance level on depression have not yet been studied in adolescent populations. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms, sport type and performance level in a large adolescent population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study assessing a large cohort of adolescents through self-reported data. METHODS: 10,248 participants aged 11-19 years old answered questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms and sporting habits and were classified according to their sport performance level: from physically inactive to internationally competitive. RESULTS: Girls reported higher incidence of depressive symptoms than boys, difference that further increased during late adolescence. Performance level was related to depressive symptoms: inactive participants reported the highest depressive scores while internationally competitive athletes reported the lowest. However, there were no differences between competitive athletes of different performance levels. Further, sport type had a small influence on depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: All these findings result in a potential guideline for future research and community health recommendations: as long as sufficient physical activity levels are met and the adolescent engages in sporting activities, the protection against depressive symptoms remains largely unrelated to the sport type and the level at which he or she performs.

A Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Tool to Aid in Melanoma Diagnosis.

CONTEXT.­: Detecting copy number variations (CNVs) at certain loci can aid in the diagnosis of histologically ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a rapid, automated, and inexpensive method for CNV detection in other cancers, but not yet melanoma. OBJECTIVE.­: To evaluate the performance of a 4-gene ddPCR panel that simultaneously tests for ras responsive binding element protein 1 (RREB1) gain; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) loss; MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) gain; and MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor (MYB) loss in melanocytic neoplasms. DESIGN.­: One hundred sixty-four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples were used to develop the assay, of which 65 were used to evaluate its performance. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) data were used as the gold standard. RESULTS.­: ddPCR demonstrated high concordance with CMA in detecting RREB1 gain (sensitivity, 86.7%; specificity, 88.9%), CDKN2A loss (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 100%), MYC gain (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 100%), and MYB loss (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 100%). When one CNV was required to designate the test as positive, the 4-gene ddPCR panel distinguished nevi from melanomas with a sensitivity of 78.4% and a specificity of 71.4%. For reference, CMA had a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 78.6%. Our data also revealed interesting relationships with histology, namely (1) a positive correlation between RREB1 ddPCR copy number and degree of tumor progression; (2) a statistically significant correlation between MYC gain and nodular growth; and (3) a statistically significant correlation between MYB loss and a sheetlike pattern of growth. CONCLUSIONS.­: With further validation, ddPCR may aid both in our understanding of melanomagenesis and in the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic neoplasms.

Tumor fibroso calcificante intestinal: reporte de caso / Intestinal calcifying fibrous tumor: case report

El tumor fibroso calcificante (TFC) es una inusual lesión benigna de origen mesenquimal que puede presentar características similares a otros tumores más comunes. El caso involucra a una mujer de 36 años con un tumor en el yeyuno proximal, inicialmente sospechoso de ser un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST). Se realiza una resección quirúrgica, revelando un nódulo bien delimitado en el borde antimesentérico con características microscópicas típicas de TFC. Las células tumorales presentaban positividad para CD34 y negatividad para demás marcadores, diferenciándolo de otras neoplasias. El TFC puede confundirse con tumores más comunes debido a su apariencia, pero un diagnóstico preciso respaldado por inmunohistoquímica es esencial. La extirpación quirúrgica completa suele ser curativa. (AU)

Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign lesion of mesenchymal origin that may present similar characteristics to other more common tumors. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a tumor in the proximal jejunum, initially suspected to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Surgical resection was performed, revealing a well-demarcated nodule at the anti-mesenteric border with microscopic features typical of a calcifying fibrous tumor. The tumor cells were positive for CD34 and negative for other markers, differentiating it from other neoplasms. Calcifying fibrous tumors can be confused with more common tumors because of its appearance, but an accurate diagnosis supported by immunohistochemistry is essential. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. (AU)

Evaluation of Different Types of Stimuli in an Event-Related Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller under Rapid Serial Visual Presentation.

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is currently a suitable gaze-independent paradigm for controlling visual brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on event-related potentials (ERPs), especially for users with limited eye movement control. However, unlike gaze-dependent paradigms, gaze-independent ones have received less attention concerning the specific choice of visual stimuli that are used. In gaze-dependent BCIs, images of faces-particularly those tinted red-have been shown to be effective stimuli. This study aims to evaluate whether the colour of faces used as visual stimuli influences ERP-BCI performance under RSVP. Fifteen participants tested four conditions that varied only in the visual stimulus used: grey letters (GL), red famous faces with letters (RFF), green famous faces with letters (GFF), and blue famous faces with letters (BFF). The results indicated significant accuracy differences only between the GL and GFF conditions, unlike prior gaze-dependent studies. Additionally, GL achieved higher comfort ratings compared with other face-related conditions. This study highlights that the choice of stimulus type impacts both performance and user comfort, suggesting implications for future ERP-BCI designs for users requiring gaze-independent systems.

Improved Strain Transfer Efficiency in Large-Area Two-Dimensional MoS2 Obtained by Gold-Assisted Exfoliation.

Strain engineering represents a pivotal approach to tailoring the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, typical bending experiments often encounter challenges, such as layer slippage and inefficient transfer of strain from the substrate to the 2D material, hindering the realization of their full potential. In our study, using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a model 2D material, we have demonstrated that layers obtained through gold-assisted exfoliation on flexible polycarbonate substrates can achieve high-efficient strain transfer while also mitigating slippage effects, owing to the strong interfacial interaction established between MoS2 and gold. We employ differential reflectance and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring strain changes. We successfully applied uniaxial strains of up to 3% to trilayer MoS2, resulting in a notable energy shift of 168 meV. These values are comparable only to those obtained in encapsulated samples with organic polymers.

The Effect of Trunk Position and Pain Location on Lumbar Extensor Muscles Recruitment Strategies.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of trunk positions and experimental lumbar pain location on lumbar extensor muscles recruitment strategies. METHODS: 19 healthy participants (10 men: 9 women), aged 25.3 ± 4.7 years, performed isometric back extension contractions in three positions: neutral, 45° and 90° trunk flexion and under three conditions: no pain, caudal pain and cranial pain. Lumbar muscle activation strategies were recorded using high-density surface electromyography. The effect of position and pain conditions on muscle activity amplitude and spatial redistributions was assessed. RESULTS: Muscle activity amplitude was 43% higher in 45° trunk flexion than in neutral position on both sides (p < 0.05). In the 90° trunk flexion, participants showed a more lateral spatial distribution than in the 45° trunk flexion on the left side p < 0.01, 5.4 mm difference) and the neutral position on both sides (p < 0.05, 8.2 mm difference). In the 45° trunk flexion, participants exhibited a more lateral spatial distribution compared with the neutral position on the right side (p < 0.05, 3.7 mm difference). A lateral spatial redistribution of muscle activity was observed in the caudal pain condition compared with no pain on the right side (p < 0.05, 3.0 mm difference). Individual responses to pain varied across all variables. CONCLUSIONS: Different trunk positions result in different distributions of activation within the lumbar extensor muscles, possibly based on regional mechanical advantage. No clear indication of location-specific pain adaptation, and no effect of task-dependent pain adaptation were found, whereas individual-specific adaptations were observed.

AI-Enhanced evaluation of YouTube content on post-surgical incontinence following pelvic cancer treatment.

Background: Several pelvic area cancers exhibit high incidence rates, and their surgical treatment can result in adverse effects such as urinary and fecal incontinence, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Post-surgery incontinence is a significant concern, with prevalence rates ranging from 25 to 45% for urinary incontinence and 9-68% for fecal incontinence. Cancer survivors are increasingly turning to YouTube as a platform to connect with others, yet caution is warranted as misinformation is prevalent. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the information quality in YouTube videos about post-surgical incontinence after pelvic area cancer surgery. Methods: A YouTube search for "Incontinence after cancer surgery" yielded 108 videos, which were subsequently analyzed. To evaluate these videos, several quality assessment tools were utilized, including DISCERN, GQS, JAMA, PEMAT, and MQ-VET. Statistical analyses, such as descriptive statistics and intercorrelation tests, were employed to assess various video attributes, including characteristics, popularity, educational value, quality, and reliability. Also, artificial intelligence techniques like PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP were used for data analysis. HeatMap and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram techniques validated the Machine Learning results. Results: The quality scales presented a high level of correlation one with each other (p < 0.01) and the Artificial Intelligence-based techniques presented clear clustering representations of the dataset samples, which were reinforced by the Heat Map and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram. Conclusions: YouTube videos on "Incontinence after Cancer Surgery" present a "High" quality across multiple scales. The use of AI tools, like PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP, is highlighted for clustering large health datasets, improving data visualization, pattern recognition, and complex healthcare analysis.

Paired Primary and Recurrent Rhabdoid Meningiomas: Cytogenetic Alterations, BAP1 Gene Expression Profile and Patient Outcome.

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) are a rare meningioma subtype with a heterogeneous clinical course which is more frequently associated with recurrence, even among tumors undergoing-complete surgical removal. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical-histopathological and cytogenetic features of 29 tumors, from patients with recurrent (seven primary and 14 recurrent tumors) vs. non-recurrent RM (n = 8). Recurrent RM showed one (29%), two (29%) or three (42%) recurrences. BAP1 loss of expression was found in one third of all RM at diagnosis and increased to 100% in subsequent tumor recurrences. Despite both recurrent and non-recurrent RM shared chromosome 22 losses, non-recurrent tumors more frequently displayed extensive losses of chromosome 19p (62%) and/or 19q (50%), together with gains of chromosomes 20 and 21 (38%, respectively), whereas recurrent RM (at diagnosis) displayed more complex genotypic profiles with extensive losses of chromosomes 1p, 14q, 18p, 18q (67% each) and 21p (50%), together with focal gains at chromosome 17q22 (67%). Compared to paired primary tumors, recurrent RM samples revealed additional losses at chromosomes 16q and 19p (50% each), together with gains at chromosomes 1q and 17q in most recurrent tumors (67%, each). All deceased recurrent RM patients corresponded to women with chromosome 17q gains, although no statistical significant differences were found vs. the other RM patients.

Community Care Needs of Highly Complex Chronic Patients: An Epidemiological Study in a Healthcare Area.

One of the priorities in family and community care is the epidemiological surveillance of the care needs and dysfunctionality present in populations of highly complex chronic patients (HCCPs) using standardised nursing languages. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of care needs and dysfunctionality among HCCPs in a specific health area by municipalities and geographical areas (metropolitan, north, and south) while verifying correlations with sociodemographic, financial, and health characteristics. This is an epidemiological, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 51,374 HCCPs, whose data were grouped into 31 municipalities. Data were collected on the following variables: sociodemographic, financial, health, functional status (health patterns), and care needs (nursing diagnoses). The mean age of the HCCPs was 73.41 (1.45) years, of which 56.18 (2.86)% were women. The municipalities in the northern area have a significantly higher proportion of older patients, HCCPs, lower incomes, and higher unemployment rates. The southern area had higher proportions of non-Spanish nationals and professionals in the hotel and catering industry, and the metropolitan area had a higher proportion of employed individuals and higher levels of education. Northern municipalities had a higher prevalence of illnesses and anxiolytic and anti-psychotic treatments. Dysfunctionality frequencies did not differ significantly by area. However, a higher prevalence of 13 nursing diagnoses was observed in the north. A high number of correlations were observed between population characteristics, dysfunctionality, and prevalent diagnoses. Finally, the frequencies of dysfunctionality in the population and the most common care needs were mapped by municipality. This research sought to ascertain whether there was an unequal distribution of these two aspects among HCCPs in order to gain a deeper epidemiological understanding of them from a family and community perspective using standardised nursing languages. This study was not registered.

Subungual melanoma with cartilaginous differentiation: Molecular insights.

Melanoma's rare capacity to undergo heterologous differentiation can create significant diagnostic challenges. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood. We present an unusual case of subungual melanoma exhibiting extensive cartilaginous differentiation and provide insights into its molecular and cytogenomic features. Histopathologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of nodules of malignant cartilage in association with a smaller population of nested epithelioid to rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in both components were positive for S100, SOX10, and PRAME, and were negative for Melan-A and HMB-45. Molecular analysis by whole exome DNA sequence did not detect any pathogenic variants in genes commonly implicated in melanoma. Additional analysis by SNP chromosomal microarray revealed a complex genome characterized by numerous chromosomal losses and gains, including a homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A locus and a heterozygous deletion of the locus containing EXT2, a tumor suppressor implicated in hereditary multiple osteochondromas and secondary chondrosarcomas. This case underscores the importance of recognizing cartilaginous differentiation as a rare manifestation of melanoma, particularly at subungual sites, and suggests that at least some of these melanomas may be driven by non-canonical molecular pathways.

[Intestinal calcifying fibrous tumor: case report]. / Tumor fibroso calcificante intestinal: reporte de caso.

Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign lesion of mesenchymal origin that may present similar characteristics to other more common tumors. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a tumor in the proximal jejunum, initially suspected to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Surgical resection was performed, revealing a well-demarcated nodule at the anti-mesenteric border with microscopic features typical of a calcifying fibrous tumor. The tumor cells were positive for CD34 and negative for other markers, differentiating it from other neoplasms. Calcifying fibrous tumors can be confused with more common tumors because of its appearance, but an accurate diagnosis supported by immunohistochemistry is essential. Complete surgical excision is usually curative.

Global research trends on cardiac troponin and physical activity among pediatric populations: a bibliometric analysis and science mapping study.

Background: Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a reliable marker for evaluating myocardial damage. cTn is a very specific protein involved in myocardial injury, and it is a key factor in the diagnosis of coronary syndromes. Bibliometric analysis was applied in the present work, with the main goal of evaluating global research on the topic of cardiac troponin in pediatric populations. Methods: Publications about cardiac troponin and physical activity in pediatric populations were retrieved from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection, and they were then analyzed. The study was able to identify the key bibliometric indicators, such as publications, keywords, authors, countries, institutions, and journals. For the analysis, VOSviewer, R-based Bibliometrix (4.2.2), and MapChart were used. Results: Initially, 98 documents were identified; however, once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the number of documents decreased to 88. The search yielded 79 original research articles and 9 reviews, almost all of which were published in the past 2 decades. The total number of citations (Nc) of the retrieved publications was 1,468, and the average number of citations per article (Na) was 16.68. In general, 508 authors were found to have participated in research about troponin; they were associated with 256 institutions, and their work was published in 65 different journals from around the world. The authors hailed from 30 countries and/or regions. The year 2022 was the most productive year for the publication of the selected documents. The bibliometric analysis provided information regarding levels of cooperation among authors and institutions. In fact, China, the United States, and England were the most productive nations, and the journal with the greatest number of publications on the topic was Pediatric Cardiology. Summary: The number of publications and the trend line show that research on this topic has not yet reached a stage of maturity. There are referent investigators, countries, and institutions that have laid the foundations for subsequent studies on the analyzed topic.

Eruptive syringomas associated with milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis.

An 11-year-old boy presented generalized eruptive syringomas (ESs) associated with multiple milia-like whitish palmar papules corresponding to dermal calcium deposits. A relationship between calcium deposits distribution to an underlying eccrine duct was noted on pathology. The observation of dermal calcium deposits and its association with generalized ESs may support a possible sweat duct origin of this uncommon and peculiar form of superficial calcinosis cutis.

Continuing Bonds in grieving men: A comparative description of Costa Rica and Spain.

Continuing Bonds among grieving men from Costa Rica and Spain were compared, with the primary hypothesis that there would be significant differences between the two groups. A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional research study was conducted. Non-probability and convenience sampling was employed, involving 227 grieving men who completed an online questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, mediators of mourning, and the Continuing Bonds Scale. The results did not reveal significant differences in Continuing Bonds expressions. However, upon controlling for the interaction between degree of kinship with the deceased person, notable differences emerged in Continuing Bonds and internalized and externalized Continuing Bonds (p < 0.05). The influence of sociocultural factors in each country on Continuing Bonds expressions is considered. The findings could support the development of strategies centered on grieving men, Continuing Bonds, and their specific needs.

Assessing the Quality of YouTube's Incontinence Information after Cancer Surgery: An Innovative Graphical Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prostate and colorectum cancers rank among the most common cancers, and incontinence is a significant postsurgical issue affecting the physical and psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Social media, particularly YouTube, has emerged as a vital source of health information. While YouTube offers valuable content, users must exercise caution due to potential misinformation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the quality of publicly available YouTube videos related to incontinence after pelvic cancer surgery. METHODS: A search on YouTube related to "Incontinence after cancer surgery" was performed, and 108 videos were analyzed. Multiple quality assessment tools (DISCERN, GQS, JAMA, PEMAT, and MQ-VET) and statistical analyses (descriptive statistics and intercorrelation tests) were used to evaluate the characteristics and popularity, educational value, quality, and reliability of these videos, relying on novel graphical representation techniques such as Sankey and Chord diagrams. RESULTS: Strong positive correlations were found among quality rating scales, emphasizing agreement. The performed graphical analysis reinforced the reliability and validity of quality assessments. CONCLUSIONS: This study found strong correlations among five quality scales, suggesting their effectiveness in assessing health information quality. The evaluation of YouTube videos consistently revealed "high" quality content. Considering the source is mandatory when assessing quality, healthcare and academic institutions are reliable sources. Caution is advised with ad-containing videos. Future research should focus on policy improvements and tools to aid patients in finding high-quality health content.

A novel method to assess copy number variations in melanocytic neoplasms: Droplet digital PCR for precise quantitation of MYC and MYB genes.

INTRODUCTION: While most melanocytic neoplasms can be classified as either benign or malignant by histopathology alone, ancillary molecular diagnostic tests can be necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in challenging cases. Currently, the detection of copy number variations (CNVs) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal microarray (CMA) are the most popular methods, but remain expensive and inaccessible. We aim to develop a relatively inexpensive, fast, and accessible molecular assay to detect CNVs relevant to melanoma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technology. METHODS: In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated CNVs in MYC and MYB genes from 73 cases of benign nevi, borderline melanocytic lesions, and primary and metastatic melanoma at our institution from 2015 to 2022. A multiplexed ddPCR assay and CMA were performed on each sample, and the results were compared. RESULTS: Concordance analysis of ddPCR with CMA for quantification of MYC and MYB CNVs revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 86% for MYC and 83% and 74% for MYB, respectively. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the first use of a multiplexed ddPCR assay to identify CNVs in melanocytic neoplasms. With further improvement and validation, ddPCR may represent a low-cost and rapid tool to aid in the diagnosis of histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors.