Health-related quality of life in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-cultural study between Spain and the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear what biopsychosocial factors influence the impact of NAFLD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and if these factors are equally important predictors between different nationalities. METHODS: HRQoL (CLDQ) was measured in both Southern European (Spain, n = 513) and Northern European (United Kingdom -UK-, n = 224) cohorts of patients with NAFLD in this cross-sectional study. For each cohort, participant data were recorded on histological grade of steatohepatitis, stage of fibrosis and biopsychosocial variables. Regression analysis was used to explore which of these variables predicted HRQoL. Moderated mediation models were conducted using SPSS PROCESS v3.5 macro. RESULTS: Participants with severe fibrosis reported more fatigue, systemic symptoms and worry, and lower HRQoL than those with none/mild fibrosis, regardless of place of origin. In addition, body mass index (BMI) and gender were found to be significant predictors of HRQoL in both Spanish and UK participants. Female gender was associated with worse emotional function, higher BMI and more fatigue, which predicted lower participants' HRQoL. UK participants showed more systemic symptoms and worry than Spanish participants, regardless of liver severity. The negative effects of gender on HRQoL through emotional function, BMI and fatigue were reported to a greater degree in UK than in Spanish participants. CONCLUSIONS: UK participants showed a greater impairment in HRQoL as compared to Spanish participants. Higher fibrosis stage predicted lower HRQoL, mainly in the Spanish cohort. Factors such as female gender or higher BMI contributed to the impact on HRQoL in both cohorts of patients and should be considered in future multinational intervention studies in NAFLD.

A newborn Screening Programme for Inborn errors of metabolism in Galicia: 22 years of evaluation and follow-up.

BACKGROUND: There is a notable lack of harmonisation in newborn screening (NBS) programmes worldwide. The Galician programme for early detection of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was one of the first NBS programmes in Europe to incorporate mass spectrometry (July 2000). This programme currently screens for 26 IEMs in dried blood and urine samples collected 24-72 h after birth. RESULTS: In its 22-year history, this programme has analysed samples from 440,723 neonates and identified 326 cases of IEM with a prevalence of 1:1351. The most prevalent IEMs were hyperphenylalaninaemia (n = 118), followed by medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD, n = 26), galactosaemia (n = 20), and cystinurias (n = 43). Sixty-one false positives and 18 conditions related to maternal pathologies were detected. Urine samples have been identified as a useful secondary sample to reduce the rate of false positives and identify new defects. There were 5 false negatives. The overall positive value was 84.23%. The fatality rate over a median of 12.1 years of follow-up was 2.76%. The intelligence quotient of patients was normal in 95.7% of cases, and school performance was largely optimal, with pedagogic special needs assistance required in < 10% of cases. Clinical onset of disease preceded diagnosis in 4% of cases. The age at which first NBS report is performed was reduced by 4 days since 2021. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the benefits of collecting urine samples, reduce NBS reporting time and expanding the number of IEMs included in NBS programmes.

Photobiomodulation in the treatment of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia: a randomised controlled clinical study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Hand-foot syndrome, also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), is a complication caused by chemotherapy. Clinically, it manifests as erythema and oedema on the palms of the hands and feet, dry and scaly skin, accompanied by a sensation of tightness and pain. Extreme cases have blisters and ulcerations that may require hospitalisation and/or pause in cancer treatment. It can also be accompanied by paraesthesia. Considering the characteristics, photobiomodulation (PBM) may reduce the PPE effects. The objective of this protocol will be to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in reducing PPE induced by capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be a randomised controlled, double-blind, double-centre clinical trial (Centro Asistencial del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay and Instituto Nacional del Cáncer from Uruguay). The sample population (40 individuals) will be divided into two groups: group 1 will receive moisturising cream plus PBM treatment and group 2 moisturising cream plus PBM sham treatment, at the ratio of 1:1. PBM will be performed at 630 nm two times per week in palmoplantar areas of the hands and feet (4 J/cm2), for 4 weeks. The PPE degree and the data referring to the chemotherapy treatment plan will be measured, prior to the start of treatment in the middle and at the end of it. Quality of life questionnaires will be applied at the beginning of the trial and at the end of treatment. The data will be analysed based on the intention-to-treat analysis and α<0.05 will be considered statistically significant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidad Católica del Uruguay (220316b), of Centro Asistencial del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay (221989) and of Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (2023-04). The recruitment has already started (March 2023). PROTOCOL VERSION: V.2, 27 October 2023. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05337423).

Ecogeography of Dioscorea remotiflora Kunth: An Endemic Species from Mexico.

Dioscorea remotiflora, a perennial climbing herbaceous plant native to Mexico, produces tubers with great nutritional and ethnobotanical value. However, most ecological aspects of this plant remain unknown, which limits its cultivation and use. This is why the objective of this research was to characterize the ecogeography of D. remotiflora as a source to determine its edaphoclimatic adaptability and current and potential distribution. A comprehensive database encompassing 480 geo-referenced accessions was assembled from different data sources. Using the Agroclimatic Information System for México and Central America (SIAMEXCA), 42 environmental variables were formulated. The MaxEnt model within the Kuenm R package was employed to predict the species distribution. The findings reveal a greater presence of D. remotiflora in harsh environments, characterized by arid to semiarid conditions, poor soils, and hot climates with long dry periods. Niche modeling revealed that seven key variables determine the geographical distribution of D. remotiflora: precipitation of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, November-April solar radiation, annual mean relative humidity, annual moisture availability index, and May-October mean temperature. The current potential distribution of D. remotiflora is 428,747.68 km2. Favorable regions for D. remotiflora coincide with its current presence sites, while other suitable areas, such as the Yucatán Peninsula, northeast region, and Gulf of Mexico, offer potential expansion opportunities for the species distribution. The comprehensive characterization of Dioscorea remotiflora, encompassing aspects such as its soil habitats and climate adaptation, becomes essential not only for understanding its ecology but also for maximizing its economic potential. This will enable not only its sustainable use but also the exploration of commercial applications in sectors such as the pharmaceutical and food industries, thus providing a broader approach for its conservation and optimal utilization in the near future.

Cromoblastomicosis verrugosa-cicatricial multifocal: una entidad desatendida en Colombia / Multifocal verrucous-cicatricial chromoblastomycosis: a neglected disease in Colombia

La cromoblastomicosis es una micosis subcutánea crónica de presentación clínica heterogénea que afecta principalmente a poblaciones de escasos recursos, lo que sumado al acceso limitado a los servicios de salud condiciona el retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, ocasionando secuelas físicas graves. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 50 años con lesiones cutáneas verrugosas y cicatriciales de 30 años de evolución en la extremidad inferior y mano izquierda, además en cara en los últimos cinco años. Se realizó el diagnóstico de cromoblastomicosis de presentación multifocal y clínica mixta, con examen directo e histopatología compatibles, y cultivo para hongos positivo para Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Se indicó tratamiento oral con itraconazol y seguimiento clínico. Reconocer esta entidad es crucial para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, con el fin de evitar secuelas físicas y estigmatización secundaria. Se debe fortalecer en la atención primaria el reconocimiento de patologías desatendidas y de incidencia subestimada en Colombia, con una presentación multifocal mixta atípica y de un tiempo de evolución prolongado. El examen directo KOH es un herramienta accesible y económica en los primeros niveles de atención que puede contribuir al enfoque diagnóstico.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis with heterogeneous clinical presentation. It mainly affects low-income populations, which added to limited access to health services delays diagnosis and treatment, causing serious physical sequelae. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man with warty and cicatricial skin lesions of 30 years of evolution, at the level of left lower limb and left hand, with face involvement in the last five years. A diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with multifocal and mixed clinical presentation was made, based on compatible direct examination and histopathology, and positive fungal culture for Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Oral treatment with itraconazole and clinical followup were stablished. Recognizing this entity is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, to avoid physical sequelae and secondary stigmatization. Primary health care should be strengthened for the recognition of neglected diseases whose incidence is underestimated in Colombia, with an atypical mixed multifocal presentation and a long evolution time. The KOH direct examination is an accessible and economical tool in the first levels of care that can contribute to the diagnostic approach.

Significance of Post-Traumatic Growth and Mental Health for Coping in Multiple Sclerosis Caregivers.

We investigated the influence of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and mental health (MH) on multiple sclerosis (MS) caregivers' uses of coping strategies and identified biopsychosocial predictors of proactive or reactive coping. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PGI-21), Brief COPE Questionnaire (COPE-28), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to evaluate 209 caregivers. Higher PTG was related to greater use of emotional support, positive reframing, religion, active coping, instrumental support, planning, denial, self-distraction, self-blaming, and venting. Better MH was associated with greater use of acceptance, while behavioral disengagement and self-distraction were associated with poorer MH. The PTG dimensions relating to others and new possibilities, SF-12 dimensions of physical and emotional roles as well as partnership, not living with the patient, and significant others' social support were predictors of proactive coping. Reactive coping was positively predicted by the PTG dimension relating to others, depression, vitality, other than partner relation, and physical role, and negatively predicted by mental health level and emotional role. In summary, higher MH was associated with proactive coping strategies, whereas post-traumatic growth was related to the use of a wide range of proactive coping as well as reactive coping strategies.

Immunomodulatory Activity of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dasatinib to Elicit NK Cytotoxicity against Cancer, HIV Infection and Aging.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively used as a treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Dasatinib is a broad-spectrum TKI with off-target effects that give it an immunomodulatory capacity resulting in increased innate immune responses against cancerous cells and viral infected cells. Several studies reported that dasatinib expanded memory-like natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells that have been related with increased control of CML after treatment withdrawal. In the HIV infection setting, these innate cells are associated with virus control and protection, suggesting that dasatinib could have a potential role in improving both the CML and HIV outcomes. Moreover, dasatinib could also directly induce apoptosis of senescence cells, being a new potential senolytic drug. Here, we review in depth the current knowledge of virological and immunogenetic factors associated with the development of powerful cytotoxic responses associated with this drug. Besides, we will discuss the potential therapeutic role against CML, HIV infection and aging.

Síndrome metabólico en el adulto mayor vinculado a los programas de actividad física comunitaria / Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly Adult Involved in the Community Physical Activity Programs

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico es una situación clínica compleja que se asocia a un incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Los elementos que lo componen aumentan el riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II y enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del síndrome metabólico en el adulto mayor vinculado a los programas de actividad física comunitaria del proyecto Lindo Amanecer del municipio Arroyo Naranjo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron 120 adultos mayores, de los que se entrevistaron a 106, en el período de abril a octubre de 2018. Se siguieron los criterios del Adult Treatment Panel III para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. Las variables descriptivas se expresaron en porcientos y para la comparación de variables en estudio se utilizó el método estadístico de ji al cuadrado. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un 41,51 por ciento de personas con síndrome metabólico, predominaron las personas de 70 y más años de edad (54,54 por ciento y el sexo femenino (93,18 por ciento). El 100 por ciento tuvieron cifras de presión arterial ≥ 130/85 mmHg. El 100 por ciento de los pacientes desconocían su enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se encontró predominio en los pacientes con síndrome metabólico del sexo femenino y del grupo de edad de 70 y más años. El diagnóstico a nivel de la Atención Primaria de Salud es deficiente. Se asocia a la hipertensión arterial, obesidad abdominal y al riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular(AU)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a complex clinical situation associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. The elements that mark it up increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the behavior of metabolic syndrome in elderly adults involved in the community physical activity programs of the Lindo Amanecer project in the municipality of Arroyo Naranjo. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. The study universe was made up of 120 elderly adults, 106 of which were interviewed in the period from April to October 2018. The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were followed. The descriptive variables were expressed in percentages and, for the comparison of variables under study, the chi-square statistical method was used. Results: The obtained results showed 41.51percent of people with metabolic syndrome, with a predominance of people aged 70 years and older (54.54percent) and the female sex (93.18percent). One hundred percent had blood pressure values over or equal to 130/85 mmHg. One hundred percent of the patients did not have any knowledge of their disease. Conclusions: In patients with metabolic syndrome, the predominance corresponded to the female sex, as well as the age group of 70 years and older. Diagnosis at the primary healthcare level is deficient. It is associated with arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease(AU)

Survival of patients with severe mental disorders: Influence of social functioning.

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe mental disorders have a high risk of premature death due to the interaction of various factors. Social functioning is a strategic functional factor in understanding the course of psychotic disorders. AIM: Analyze the relationship between social functioning and its various dimensions and survival during a 10-year follow-up. METHOD: The Social Functioning Scale (SFS) was administered to 163 close relatives of patients under treatment at a Community Mental Health Unit. Survival was described by Kaplan-Meier analysis and any differences in survival by level of social functioning were found by long-rank analysis. Finally, Cox regression was used to predict premature mortality. RESULTS: Significant differences in mortality were identified in the interpersonal behavior dimension of social functioning, while there were no significant gender or diagnostic differences in the rest of the dimensions. The interpersonal behavior dimension and age were found to be factors predicting premature death. CONCLUSION: These findings show the protective effect of social functioning retained by patients with psychotic disorders on their survival, and the need to apply evidence-based psychotherapy focused on recovery of social functioning in the early stages of the disorder.

Coping with multiple sclerosis: reconciling significant aspects of health-related quality of life.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and unpredictability can damage patient well-being. This study is aimed to investigate the relation between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the use of coping strategies as well as social support on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We evaluated 314 MS outpatients of Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Sevilla/Spain (mean age 45 years, 67.8% women) twice over an 18-months period by Brief COPE Questionnaire (COPE-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Female gender was significantly related to religion (r= 0.175, p< 0.001), self-distraction (r= 0.160, p< 0.001) and self-blame (r= 0.131, p< 0.05). Age correlated positively with religion (r= 0.240, p< 0.001), and self-blame (r= 0.123, p< 0.05). Progressive MS as well as functional impairment (EDSS) showed a positive relation with denial (r= 0.125, p< 0.05; r= 0.150, p< 0.001). Longer duration since diagnosis was related to lower perceived support from family (r= -0.123, p< 0.05). EDSS (ß= -0.452, p< 0.001) was the strongest negative predictor of physical HRQOL followed by age (ß= -0.123, p< 0.001), whereas family support was a protective factor (ß= 0.096, p< 0.001). Denial (ß= -0.132, p< 0.05), self-blame (ß= -0.156, p< 0.05), female gender (ß= -0.115, p< 0.05) and EDSS (ß= -0.108, p< 0.05) negatively impacted on mental HRQOL 18 months later, whereas positive reframing (ß= 0.142, p< 0.05) was a protective factor. Our study could identify sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with dysfunctional coping strategies, such as self-blame and denial, which specifically predict worse mental HRQOL as opposed to positive reframing. Diminishing dysfunctional coping and supporting cognitive reframing may contribute to improve HRQOL in MS.

La microalbuminuria y factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes diabéticos de un consultorio médico

Fundamento: el concepto de microalbuminuria se introdujo como un marcador temprano de nefropatía diabética y mortalidad. La microalbuminuria se ha convertido en un marcador pronóstico de riesgo cardiovascular tanto en diabéticos como en no diabéticos. Objetivo determinar el comportamiento de la microalbuminuria y los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes diabéticos pertenecientes al consultorio médico número 25 del Policlínico Docente Comunitario Presidente Salvador Allende. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, de un universo de 1125 personas, se obtuvo una muestra de 62 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. La investigación se realizó de enero a diciembre del 2018. El diagnóstico de microalbuminuria se realizó después de dos determinaciones confirmadas de las tres realizadas en un período de 6 meses, por lo que quedaron dos grupos de pacientes según la presencia o ausencia de microalbuminuria, la cual se relacionó con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Las variables descriptivas se expresaron en porcentajes y para la comparación de dos variables en estudio se utilizó el método estadístico de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: el 11,3 % de los pacientes diabéticos presentaron microalbuminuria. El 100 % de los pacientes diabéticos con microalbuminuria positiva, padecen de hipertensión arterial. El 71,43 % de los pacientes diabéticos, con microalbuminuria positiva presentaron dislipidemia. El 71,43 % de los pacientes diabéticos con microalbuminuria positiva son obesos. Conclusiones: en los pacientes diabéticos con microalbuminuria positiva los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares que se relacionaron fueron: la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia y la obesidad.

Background: the concept of microalbuminuria was introduced as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy and mortality. Microalbuminuria has become a prognostic marker of cardiovascular risk in both diabetics and non-diabetics. Objective: to determine the behavior of microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients belonging to medical office number 25 of the Presidente Salvador Allende Community Teaching Polyclinic. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, from a universe of 1125 people, a sample of 62 patients with diabetes mellitus was obtained. The investigation was carried out from January to December 2018. The diagnosis of microalbuminuria was made after two confirmed determinations of the three carried out in a period of 6 months, so there were two groups of patients according to the presence or absence of microalbuminuria, the which was related to cardiovascular risk factors. The descriptive variables were expressed in percentages and the Chi-square statistical method was used to compare the two variables under study. Results: 11.3 % of diabetic patients presented microalbuminuria. 100 % of diabetic patients with positive microalbuminuria suffer from arterial hypertension. 71.43 % of diabetic patients with positive microalbuminuria presented dyslipidemia. 71.43 % of diabetic patients with positive microalbuminuria are obese. Conclusions: in diabetic patients with positive microalbuminuria, the cardiovascular risk factors that were related were: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity.

Vieussens' ring fistula to pulmonary artery: embolization with grandmother-mother-child technique / Fístula del anillo de Vieussens a arteria pulmonar: embolización con técnica abuela-madre-hijo

Abstract A 53-year-old man with an asymptomatic fistula from the Vieussens ring to the pulmonary artery presented with progressive respiratory distress. Coil embolization of this type of fistula has been described by femoral access. The advanced transradial "grandmother-mother-son" technique for high active support safely allows successful embolization of this type of coronary fistulae.

Resumen Un hombre de 53 años con una fístula asintomática del anillo de Vieussens a la arteria pulmonar comenzó con dificultad respiratoria progresiva. La embolización con coils de este tipo de fístulas ha sido descrita por acceso femoral. La técnica transradial avanzada "abuela-madre-hijo" para un alto soporte activo permite de manera segura la embolización exitosa de este tipo fístulas coronarias.

Vieussens' ring fistula to pulmonary artery: embolization with grandmother-mother-child technique.

A 53-year-old man with an asymptomatic fistula from the Vieussens ring to the pulmonary artery presented with progressive respiratory distress. Coil embolization of this type of fistula has been described by femoral access. The advanced transradial "grandmother-mother-son" technique for high active support safely allows successful embolization of this type of coronary fistulae.

Un hombre de 53 años con una fístula asintomática del anillo de Vieussens a la arteria pulmonar comenzó con dificultad respiratoria progresiva. La embolización con coils de este tipo de fístulas ha sido descrita por acceso femoral. La técnica transradial avanzada "abuela-madre-hijo" para un alto soporte activo permite de manera segura la embolización exitosa de este tipo fístulas coronarias.

Coping Strategies Furthering Post-Traumatic Growth in Multiple Sclerosis: A Longitudinal Study.

(1) Background: Patients' behavioral attempts in dealing with Multiple sclerosis (MS) play an important role in post-traumatic growth (PTG). In a longitudinal study, we aimed to identify coping strategies predicting PTG. (2) Methods: 260 MS patients answered the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory and the Brief COPE Questionnaire at three time points during a 36-month follow-up period. (3) Results: an interaction effect between PTG level and assessment time was found for emotional support, positive reframing, active coping, and planning coping strategies. Positive reframing, emotional support, instrumental support, religion, planning, and self-distraction positively predicted PTG. (4) Conclusions: to encourage PTG development, early interventions in MS patients are recommended to promote adaptive coping, particularly positive reframing, social support, active coping, planning, religion, and self-distraction.

Vitality, mental health and role-physical mediate the influence of coping on depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether the association between active coping and depressive symptoms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was mediated by vitality, and whether diabetes and obesity could impact on this relationship. We also wanted to find out whether mental health and role-physical modulated the relationship between passive/avoidance coping and self-efficacy, and the role of liver fibrosis. METHODS: Depressive symptoms (BDI-II), self-efficacy (GSE), coping (COPE-28) and quality of life (SF-12) were evaluated in 509 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients in this cross-sectional study. Mediation and moderated mediation models were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS v3.5 macro. RESULTS: Vitality mediated the relationship between active coping and depressive symptoms (-2.254, CI = -2.792 to -1.765), with diabetes (-0.043, p = 0.017) and body mass index (BMI) (-0.005, p = 0.009) moderating the association. In addition, mental health (-6.435, CI = -8.399 to -4.542) and role-physical (-1.137, CI = -2.141 to -0.315) mediated the relationship between passive/avoidance coping and self-efficacy, with fibrosis stage (0.367, p < 0.001) moderating this association. Specifically, the presence of diabetes and significant fibrosis, and a higher BMI, were associated with greater negative impact on participant depressive symptoms or self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: A maladaptive coping style was associated with poorer vitality, mental health and role-physical in NAFLD patients, which along with the presence of metabolic comorbidity (diabetes and obesity) and significant fibrosis predicted more depressive symptoms or poorer self-efficacy in these patients. These results suggested incorporating emotional and cognitive evaluation and treatment in patients with NAFLD.

Beyond the Boundaries of Disease-Significant Post-traumatic Growth in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Caregivers.

Despite the negative repercussions of a chronic disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) might also lead to positive consequences. This longitudinal study explored post-traumatic growth in MS patients and attempted to identify possible determinants. Post-traumatic growth of 260 patients and their caregivers was compared. A subset of 209 patients and caregivers were evaluated at baseline. Patients filled in the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and General Health Questionnaire at three different times over a 36-month follow-up period. Patient post-traumatic growth significantly increased over the follow-up period (p < 0.001) with large effect sizes on almost every subscale. Higher score on the Expanded Disability Status Scale, higher pain severity, female gender, and higher anxiety were positive predictors of post-traumatic growth, while more interference of pain, higher level of education, and more social dysfunction were negative predictors. Post-traumatic growth did not differ significantly between patients and caregivers. Our results showed significant positive intrapsychic changes of MS patients over a 36-month follow-up period up to 12 years from diagnosis. The potential influence of clinical, demographic, and mental health variables underlines the need for a personalized approach to be able to understand and sustain these processes. Comparable post-traumatic growth levels in patient-caregiver dyads at baseline suggest interdependently driven cognitive processes stabilizing well-being. Future research is recommended for further insight into the underlying cognitive processes.

Riesgo cardiovascular global y obesidad en pacientes del primer nivel de atención / Global cardiovascular risk and obesity in first level care patients

Introducción: La mejor herramienta para priorizar la prevención primaria de enfermedades cardiovasculares es estimar el riesgo cardiovascular global. El riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares se incrementa con el aumento de peso corporal. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo cardiovascular global y relacionarlo con la obesidad en pacientes del primer nivel de atención. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo de estudio consistió en 803 personas; se extrajo una muestra de 585 personas de los tres grupos de estudio entre enero de 2016 y octubre de 2018. El cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular global se realizó según los criterios de las tablas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se relacionó con la circunferencia de la cintura y el índice de masa corporal. Resultados: El 51,28 por ciento de las personas estudiadas presentó un nivel de riesgo cardiovascular global bajo, seguido del nivel de riesgo moderado con 29,92 por ciento y en los niveles de riesgo alto, muy alto y extremadamente alto 18,80 por ciento. El 10,94 por ciento son personas obesas, de las cuales 42,19 por ciento se distribuyó entre los niveles de riesgo alto, muy alto y extremadamente alto. El 21,20 por ciento de las personas estudiadas presentó un riesgo muy elevado, según la clasificación de la circunferencia de la cintura. Conclusiones: Predominó el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular global bajo. A medida que avanza la edad se incrementa el riesgo cardiovascular global, con predominio del sexo masculino. La obesidad tuvo relación con el riesgo cardiovascular global(AU)

Introduction: Estimating global cardiovascular risk is the best tool for prioritizing the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases with increasing body weight. Objective: To determine the global cardiovascular risk and to relate it to obesity in first level care patients. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The study universe consisted of 803 people; a sample of 585 people was drawn from the three study groups between January 2016 and October 2018. The calculation of global cardiovascular risk was performed according to the criteria specified in the World Health Organization tables. It was related to waist circumference and body mass index. Results: The results show that 51,28 percent of the people studied presented a low global cardiovascular risk level; followed by a moderate risk level (29,92 percent) and high, very high, and extremely high risk levels (18,80 percent). Similarly, 10,94 percent are obese people, of whom 42,19 percent were distributed between high, very high and extremely high risk levels. Also, 21,20 percent of the people studied presented a very high risk according to the waist circumference classification. Conclusions: A low global cardiovascular risk level predominated in the study. As age advances, the global cardiovascular risk increases, with a predominance of males. Obesity was related to global cardiovascular risk(AU)

Ten-year follow-up of social functioning and behaviour problems in people with schizophrenia and related disorders.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, several variables in the course of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders have been studied. However, an instrumental analysis of the evolution of social functioning and behaviour problems has scarcely been explored. AIM: To analyse the evolution of social functioning and behaviour problems and find any diagnosis or gender differences. METHOD: The Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and the Behaviour Problems Inventory (BPI) were administered in Stages I (2003-2007) and II (2014-2017) to 100 close relatives of patients under treatment at a Community Mental Health Unit. A related samples t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to study the evolution and differences in social functioning and behaviour problems. Then a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was done to predict the evolution of social functioning. RESULTS: No deterioration in the evolution of social functioning or behaviour problems was observed, and schizophrenia patient scores were lower. Women scored higher in withdrawal/social engagement, interpersonal behaviour, independence-performance, independence-competence and total social functioning, with no significant differences in behaviour problems. Previous social functioning, underactivity/social withdrawal and education are predictive factors in the evolution of social functioning. Conclusion: The results show the need for implementing psychosocial intervention programs that promote functional recovery and keep problems from becoming chronic.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Lymphangioma: A Case Series.

Fetal lymphangioma is an uncommon congenital malformation that is mainly comprised of the subcutaneous tissue of the neck. This malformation can develop in other areas like the thoracic and axillary regions, though rarely. We report 6 consecutive cases of lymphatic malformation in a fetal center in Dominican Republic. In our case series fetal chest lymphangiomas were present in 2 fetuses. In addition, 2 cases of axillary lymphangiomas also involved the thoracic region. Adequate management by a multidiciplinary team is necessary to provide a better approach to delivery.

Bioprosthetic valve failure. Comparative trial of two balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve systems in intermediate-risk patients: a propensity score analysis.

BACKGROUND: The comparative mid and long-term durability, including the rates of bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) of the Sapien XT® and Sapien 3® transcatheter heart valve (THV) in patients with intermediate surgical risk has not been reported. METHODS: Consecutive intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis from the Mexican registry of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Sapien® THVs were included. The primary endpoint was to compare the BVF rate between THVs at 2 years of follow-up. Secondary endpoints were comparisons of the composite of global mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and neurological events at 30 d and 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: During 2014-2019, 115 (60 Sapien XT® and 55 Sapien 3®) patients met the inclusion criteria in five medical centres. The mean age was 77.3 ± 8.4 years. The average Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) was 5.6 ± 2.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in BVF rate. At 30 d, overall, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality was 4.3%, 2.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. Neurological events rate was 1.73%. The mean long-term follow-up was 25.3 ± 14.2 months with an overall mortality of 9.56% but lower for the Sapien 3® group (15% vs. 3.6%, p=.037). The only independent predictor of composite mortality and neurological events that occurred in the long term was using a Sapien XT® [OR 1.6, CI 95%, 1.0-24.9; p=.049]. CONCLUSIONS: The BVF rate at 25 months of follow-up was similar with the XT and S3 systems. During this follow-up period, the major composite events of death from any cause and neurological events were significantly lower with the S3 system.