RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV genotype 4 is found widely in the Middle East, Egypt and Africa, and has also spread into Europe. There are limited data available regarding the use of direct-acting antiviral agents in HCV genotype 4-infected patients with cirrhosis. AIM: To evaluate in the phase III, open-label, single-arm PLUTO study the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of simeprevir (HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor) plus sofosbuvir (HCV nucleotide-analogue NS5B polymerase inhibitor) in treatment-naïve and (peg)interferon ± ribavirin-experienced HCV genotype 4-infected patients, with or without compensated cirrhosis. METHODS: Adult patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection received simeprevir 150 mg once-daily and sofosbuvir 400 mg once-daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Safety was also assessed. RESULTS: Forty patients received treatment; the majority were male (73%) and treatment-experienced (68%). Overall, 7/40 (18%) patients had compensated cirrhosis. All patients achieved SVR12 [100% (Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval: 91-100%)]. Adverse events, all Grade 1 or 2, were reported in 20/40 (50%) patients. No serious adverse events were reported and no patients discontinued study treatment. Grade 3 treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were noted in 2/40 (5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks resulted in SVR12 rates of 100% in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients with HCV genotype 4 infection with or without compensated cirrhosis, and was well tolerated. [NCT02250807].
Assuntos
Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Simeprevir/administração & dosagem , Sofosbuvir/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Simeprevir/efeitos adversos , Sofosbuvir/efeitos adversos , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Escobar syndrome (ES) or multiple pterygia syndrome (MIM#265000) is an infrequent condition characterized by facial dysmorphism, multiple webbing (pterygia), congenital contractures (arthrogryposis) and other internal anomalies. We describe an 8-days-old male newborn from consanguineous parents with ES who also presented heterotaxia syndrome and esophageal atresia, anomalies that not have been previously reported as associated to ES.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Atresia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Atresia Esofágica/genética , Síndrome de Heterotaxia/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Heterotaxia/genética , Hipertermia Maligna/diagnóstico , Hipertermia Maligna/genética , Anormalidades da Pele/diagnóstico , Anormalidades da Pele/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Consanguinidade , Atresia Esofágica/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Feto/patologia , Genótipo , Síndrome de Heterotaxia/patologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Hipertermia Maligna/patologia , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Anormalidades da Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Antidepressants and physical exercise have been shown to increase the transcription of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Much evidence regarding the initial actions of antidepressant medications as well as exercise leads to the hypothesis that noradrenergic (NE) and/or serotonergic (5-HT) activation is a key element in the BDNF transcriptional elevation common to both interventions. Currently, we used short-term beta-adrenergic, 5-HT(1A), or 5-HT(2A/C) receptor blockade to characterize the influence of NE and 5-HT systems on BDNF transcription during physical exercise and antidepressant treatment. In situ hybridization revealed that beta-adrenergic blockade significantly blunted the BDNF mRNA elevations due to exercise, and also inhibited the modest elevations in the CA3 and dentate gyrus following short-term treatment with tranylcypromine. In contrast, 5-HT(2A/C) blockade only minimally altered exercise-induced BDNF mRNA levels, but inhibited up-regulation of BDNF transcription via tranylcypromine. Finally, 5-HT(1A) blockade did not inhibit exercise-induced BDNF mRNA elevations, but significantly enhanced levels above those achieved with exercise alone in the CA4. These results suggest that NE activation via beta-adrenergic receptors may be essential for both exercise and antidepressant-induced BDNF regulation. 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A/C) activation, on the other hand, appear to be most important for antidepressant-induced BDNF regulation, but may also participate significantly in exercise-induced regulation in the CA4.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/biossíntese , Norepinefrina/antagonistas & inibidores , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Biotransformação/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hibridização In Situ , Ketanserina/farmacologia , Masculino , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Propranolol/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Corrida/fisiologia , Corrida/psicologia , Tranilcipromina/farmacologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A 32-month study was undertaken to determine the caries inhibitory effect of a weekly rinse for one minute with a solution of 0.2% NaF on the first permanent molars. Subjects who participated in the study were 295 school children aged from 5 to 13 years who were divided by random selection in two groups, test and control who rinsed with either 0.2% NaF solution or a placebo under double-blind conditions. Reductions in caries increments on first permanent molars (20.7% DMFT and 31.9% DMFS) were seen in the test group as compared with the control group. A preventive effect was also seen in all first permanent molars surfaces, being the major protective effect in approximal surfaces (52% reduction) followed by occlusal (36%) and bucolingual surfaces (16%).