Factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program / Factores asociados a la duración de la lactancia en madres de bebés atendidos en un programa de familia canguro / Fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno em mães de bebês atendidos em programa família canguru

Goal. To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program. Methods. Quantitative, observational study with a secondary source of a retrospective cohort of 707 babies with monitoring at admission, at 40 weeks, at three and at six months of corrected age in the kangaroo family program of a public hospital in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) from 2016 to 2019. Results. 49.6% of babies were born with low weight for gestational age and 51.5% were female. 58.3% of the mothers were unemployed and 86.2% of them lived with their partner. When entering the kangaroo family program, 94.2% of the babies received breastfeeding and at six months they were 44.7%. The variables that were associated with the duration of breastfeeding up to six months according to the explanatory model were: the mother's cohabitation with her partner (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 1.34) and receiving breastfeeding when entering the kangaroo family program (APR: 2.30). Conclusion. The factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in the kangaroo family program were that the mother lived with her partner and that the mother was breastfeeding when she entered the program, therefore they received education and support from the interdisciplinary team, which could favor confidence and willingness towards breastfeeding.

Objetivo.Determinar los factores asociados a la duración de la lactancia en madres de bebés atendidos en un programa de familia canguro. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, observacional con fuente secundaria de una cohorte retrospectiva de 707 bebés con seguimiento al ingreso, a las 40 semanas, a los tres y a los seis meses de edad corregida en el programa familia canguro de un hospital público del municipio de Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) entre 2016 y 2019. Resultados. El 49.6 % de los bebés nacieron con bajo peso para la edad gestacional y 51.5% eran de sexo femenino. El 58.3% de las madres eran desempleadas y un 86.2 % de ellas convivía con su pareja. Al ingresar al programa familia canguro, el 94.2 % de los bebés recibían lactancia materna y a los seis meses correspondió al 44.7%. Las variables que se asociaron con la duración de la lactancia materna hasta los seis meses según el modelo explicativo fueron: la convivencia de la madre con la pareja (razón de prevalencia ajustada - RPa: 1.34) y recibir lactancia al ingresar al programa familia canguro (RPa: 2.30). Conclusión. Los factores que se relacionaron con la duración de la lactancia en madres de bebés atendidos en el programa de familia canguro fueron, por un lado, que la madre conviviera con su pareja y, por otro, que la madre estuviera lactando al ingreso al programa, por lo que recibieron educación y acompañamiento por parte del equipo interdisciplinario, lo cual pudo favorecer la confianza y disposición hacia la lactancia.

Objetivo.Determinar os fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno em mães de bebês atendidos em um programa família canguru. Métodos.Estudo quantitativo, observacional com fonte secundária de uma coorte retrospectiva de 707 bebês com acompanhamento na admissão, às 40 semanas, aos três e seis meses de idade corrigida no programa família canguru de um hospital público do município de Rionegro (Antioquia, Colômbia) entre 2016 e 2019. Resultados.49.6% dos bebês nasceram com baixo peso para a idade gestacional e 51.5% eram do sexo feminino. 58.3% das mães estavam desempregadas e 86.2% delas moravam com o companheiro. Ao ingressar no programa família canguru, 94.2% dos bebês receberam aleitamento materno e aos seis meses correspondeu a 44.7%. As variáveis que se associaram à duração do aleitamento materno até seis meses segundo o modelo explicativo foram: a coabitação da mãe com o companheiro (razão de prevalência ajustada - TAEG: 1.34) e receber aleitamento materno ao ingressar no programa família canguru (RPa: 2.30). Conclusão. Os fatores que se relacionaram com a duração do aleitamento materno em mães de bebês atendidos no programa família canguru foram que a mãe morava com o companheiro e que a mãe estava amamentando quando ingressou no programa, para o qual receberam educação e apoio da da equipe interdisciplinar, o que poderia favorecer a confiança e disposição para a amamentação.

Reply to Paterson, R.R.M. Comment on "Castillo et al. Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 230".

Reader Q: There was no morphological information provided for the isolated specimens, and so it is not known if they are even Ganoderma [...].

Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia.

Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma spp., is one of the most important emerging oil palm diseases in Colombia, and is restricted to two oil palm production areas in the country. To identify the causal agent of the disease, basidiocarp of oil palms affected by BSR were used to prepare isolates, and their pathogenicity was then assessed in pre-nursery plants. Four-month-old oil palm seedlings were inoculated with rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) blocks colonized with dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma. The incidence, severity, and symptoms of the pathogen were assessed. A multiregional analysis (ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α) was carried out to identify the isolates; all isolates were determined to be Ganoderma zonatum. Phylogenetic analyses with the three regions yielded concordant phylogenetic information and supported the distinction of the isolates with high bootstrap support. Seven isolates (CPBsZN-01-29, CPBsZN-02-30, CPBsZN-03-31, CPBsZN-04-34, CPBsZN-05-35, CPBsZN-06-36, and CPBsZN-07-38) were pathogenic in oil palm, with incidences greater than 90% and a maximum severity of 34%, and the highest severity index was found in isolates CPBsZN-03-31, CPBsZN-04-34, and CPBsZN-06-36. The pathogen was recovered from inoculated oil palms in all cases. This study reveals the pathogenic association of Ganoderma zonatum with BSR in Colombia.

Factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program. METHODS: Quantitative, observational study with a secondary source of a retrospective cohort of 707 babies with monitoring at admission, at 40 weeks, at three and at six months of corrected age in the kangaroo family program of a public hospital in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) from 2016 to 2019. RESULTS: 49.6% of babies were born with low weight for gestational age and 51.5% were female. 58.3% of the mothers were unemployed and 86.2% of them lived with their partner. When entering the kangaroo family program, 94.2% of the babies received breastfeeding and at six months they were 44.7%. The variables that were associated with the duration of breastfeeding up to six months according to the explanatory model were: the mother's cohabitation with her partner (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 1.34) and receiving breastfeeding when entering the kangaroo family program (APR: 2.30). CONCLUSIONS: The factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in the kangaroo family program were that the mother lived with her partner and that the mother was breastfeeding when she entered the program, therefore they received education and support from the interdisciplinary team, which could favor confidence and willingness towards breastfeeding.

Diagnostic yield of capillary compared to venous glucose in the diagnosis of hypoglycorrhachia in children: A prospective, observational study.

INTRODUCTION: The ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and blood glucose is of major relevance, conducting to the diagnosis of hypoglycorrhachia, which is a sign of neuroinfection, as well as a number of neurological diseases of genetic or neoplastic etiology. Glucose in capillary sample (glucometry) is a low cost, readily available technique, as compared to venous glucose. This study aims to compare glucometry to venous glucose in the diagnosis of hypoglycorrhachia in pediatric population. METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study based on data obtained from lumbar punctures in the period from February 2017 to January 2019 in a specialized pediatric institution in Colombia. RESULTS: 97 patients were analyzed, aged 1 month to 17 years old, mean 7.67 years, 52 (53.61%) were female. 26 (26.8%) were diagnosed with hypoglycorrhachia. Pearson correlation coefficient for absolute venous and capillary glucose was 0.54, and 0.55 for the ratios of CSF glucose/venous glucose and CSF glucose/glucometry, which support a linear correlation between the variables in both, absolute values and ratios. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for both, the venous glucose and glucometry ratios, which was 0.52, revealing a moderate agreement among the tests. Sensitivity and specificity of CSF glucose/glucometry, as compared to gold standard are 73.1% and 60.6% respectively; whereas predictive positive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), were 40.4% and 86.0%. CONCLUSION: Glucometry cannot replace the glucose in venous sample in the diagnosis of hypoglycorrhachia in children.

El cambio social como resultado de innovación social mediante metodologías participativas: una revisión bibliométrica / Social change because of social innovation through participatory methodologies: A bibliometric revision

Resumen El motor para el cambio social es la innovación social y en medio de estos dos términos está la participación ciudadana, sin la cual no sería posible resolver de manera eficiente los problemas actuales de la socie dad, el artículo hace un análisis bibliométrico para generar resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos, a partir de un análisis de la producción existente enfocada en la relación de "innovación social y cambio social" e "innovación social y metodologías participativas. Uno de los resultados más concluyentes es que el interés en los temas seleccionados ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años.

Abstract The engine for social change is social innovation and in the midst of these two terms is citizen participation, without which it would not be possible to solve efficiently the societal current problems. This article makes a bibliometric analysis in order to generate quantitative and qualitative results, based on an analysis of existing production focused on the relationship of "social innovation and social change" and "social innovation and participatory methodologies. One of the most conclusive results is that the interest in selected topics has increased exponentially in recent years.

An asbestos contaminated town in the vicinity of an asbestos-cement facility: The case study of Sibaté, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: The asbestos industry began operations in Colombia in 1942, with an asbestos-cement facility located in the municipality of Sibaté. In recent years residents from Sibaté have been complaining about what they consider is an unusually large number of people diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases in the town. A study to analyze the situation of Sibaté started in 2015, to verify if the number of asbestos related diseases being diagnosed were higher than expected, and to identify potential asbestos exposure sources in the town. METHODS: A health and socioeconomic survey was implemented door-to-door to identify potential asbestos-related diseases. Several self-reported mesothelioma cases were identified, and for confirmation purposes, copies of the medical record with the histopathology report were obtained. A panel of six physicians analyzed the medical records. Information of validated cases was used to estimate the male and female age-adjusted incidence rate for Sibaté. Based on reports of the existence of potential asbestos-contaminated landfills, topographic maps, a digital elevation model, and current satellite images were crossed using a geographic information system to identify potential landfilled areas, and soils samples were collected in some of these areas. RESULTS: A total of 355 surveys were completed, and 29 self-reported mesothelioma cases were identified. Twenty-five of these cases have been persons who had lived at some moment of their lives in Sibaté. It was possible to obtain copies of the medical diagnosis for 17 cases. Of these, the panel of physicians classified 15 cases as certain pleural mesothelioma, one as probable, and one as not mesothelioma. Based on this information, the estimated age-adjusted incidence rate of mesothelioma in Sibaté was 3.1 × 105 persons-year for males and 1.6 × 105 persons-year for females. These rates are high in comparison to those reported in other cities, regions, and countries of the world. Using geographic information systems, landfilled zones in the urban area of Sibaté were identified, on top of which a school and different sports facilities were built. The analysis of four soil samples collected in landfilled zones, confirmed the existence of an underground layer of friable and non-friable asbestos. CONCLUSION: The collected evidence suggests the presence of a malignant pleural mesothelioma cluster in Sibaté.

Determining Whether Geographic Origin and Potato Genotypes Shape the Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Central Region of Colombia.

Pathogen variation plays an important role in the dynamics of infectious diseases. In this study, the genetic variation of 279 Phytophthora infestans isolates was assessed using a combination of 12 microsatellite simple-sequence repeat markers. Isolates were collected from 11 different potato cultivars in 11 different geographic localities of the central region of Colombia. The objective of this study was to determine whether populations were differentiated by host genotype or geographic origin. Within a single clonal lineage, EC-1, 76 genotypes were detected. An analysis of molecular variance attributed most of the variation to differences within host genotypes rather than among the host genotypes, suggesting that host cultivars do not structure the populations of the pathogen. Furthermore, the lack of a genetic population structure according to the host cultivar was confirmed by all of the analyses, including the Bayesian clustering analysis and the minimum spanning network that used the Bruvo genetic distance, which suggested that there are no significant barriers to gene flow for P. infestans among potato cultivars. According to the geographic origin, the populations of P. infestans were also not structured, and most of the variation among the isolates was attributed to differences within localities. Only some but not all localities in the north and west of the central region of Colombia showed some genetic differentiation from the other regions. The absence of sexual reproduction of this pathogen in Colombia was also demonstrated. Important insights are discussed regarding the genetic population dynamics of the P. infestans populations of the central region of Colombia that were provided by the results. In Colombia, there is a high genetic variation within the EC-1 clonal lineage with closely related genotypes, none dominant, that coexist in a wide geographic area and on several potato cultivars.

Suplementos nutricionales como modificadores de morbimortalidad en pacientes con cáncer / Nutritional supplements as modifiers of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients

La caquexia, un síndrome multifactorial caracterizado por la pérdida de masa muscular con o sin pérdida de tejido adiposo que no puede ser revertido con soporte nutricional convencional, es frecuente en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas como cáncer, en quienes empeora notablemente su estado de salud. El objetivo de esta revisión fue estudiar el impacto que tienen los suplementos nutricionales en la morbimortalidad de los pacientes con caquexia secundaria a cáncer. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos Embase y Medline (Pubmed), sobre los suplementos y desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con caquexia secundaria a cáncer. Se excluyeron revisiones de literatura no sistemáticas, y aquellos que se centraran en otros desenlaces. Se seleccionaron 42 artículos, y se revisó su versión en texto completo. Se encontró que los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados aumentan el peso corporal; los antioxidantes podrían reducir la progresión del cáncer; selenio, zinc, hierro y cobre mejorarían el sistema inmunológico; y las proteínas y suplementos calóricos podrían reducir la lipólisis y proteólisis. Dentro de las limitaciones del estudio se encuentra la referencia a múltiples tipos de cáncer, con diferencias significativas en el tratamiento y el pronóstico de los pacientes. Se concluye que el soporte con suplementos nutricionales que contengan ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (EPA y DHA), micronutrientes (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, vitamina E y C) y aminoácidos (l-arginina, l-glutamina, y b hidrometilbutirato), puede mejorar la morbimortalidad y por lo tanto la calidad de vida en pacientes con caquexia secundaria a cáncer(AU)

Cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutrition support, is frequently present in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer, in whom the health status deteriorates markedly. The objective of this review was to study the impact of nutritional supplements on morbidity and mortality of patients with cachexia secondary to cancer. A literature search was conducted (Embase and Medline-Pubmed) looking for references that described associations between supplements and morbidity or mortality in patients with cachexia secondary to cancer. Non-systematic literature reviews, or studies with other non-clinical outcomes were excluded. A total of 42 articles were selected, and their full text version reviewed. We found that polyunsaturated fatty acids increase body weight; antioxidants reduce cancer progression; selenium, zinc, iron and copper improve the immune system and proteins and caloric supplements prevent lipolysis and proteolysis. Within the limitations of the study is the reference to multiple types of cancer, which in themselves present significant differences in treatment and prognosis of patients. As a conclusion, nutritional support with nutritional supplements containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA-DHA), micronutrients (Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, vitamins C and E) and amino acids (l-arginine, l-glutamine and b hidroxymethylbutyrate), can improve morbimortality and therefore quality of life in patients with cachexia secondary to cancer(AU)

Optimizing a culture medium for biomass and phenolic compounds production using Ganoderma lucidum.

The present work was aimed at optimizing a culture medium for biomass production and phenolic compounds by using Ganoderma lucidum. The culture was optimized in two stages; a Plackett-Burman design was used in the first one for identifying key components in the medium and a central composite design was used in the second one for optimizing their concentration. Both responses (biomass and phenolic compounds) were simultaneously optimized by the latter methodology regarding desirability, and the optimal concentrations obtained were 50.00 g/L sucrose, 13.29 g/L yeast extract and 2.99 g/L olive oil. Maximum biomass production identified in these optimal conditions was 9.5 g/L and that for phenolic compounds was 0.0452 g/L, this being 100% better than that obtained in the media usually used in the laboratory. Similar patterns regarding chemical characterization and biological activity towards Aspergillus sp., from both fruiting body and mycelium-derived secondary metabolites and extracts obtained in the proposed medium were observed. It was shown that such statistical methodologies are useful for optimizing fermentation and, in the specific case of G. lucidum, optimizing processes for its production and its metabolites in submerged culture as an alternative to traditional culture.

Optimizing a culture medium for biomass and phenolic compounds production using Ganoderma lucidum

The present work was aimed at optimizing a culture medium for biomass production and phenolic compounds by using Ganoderma lucidum. The culture was optimized in two stages; a Plackett-Burman design was used in the first one for identifying key components in the medium and a central composite design was used in the second one for optimizing their concentration. Both responses (biomass and phenolic compounds) were simultaneously optimized by the latter methodology regarding desirability, and the optimal concentrations obtained were 50.00 g/L sucrose, 13.29 g/L yeast extract and 2.99 g/L olive oil. Maximum biomass production identified in these optimal conditions was 9.5 g/L and that for phenolic compounds was 0.0452 g/L, this being 100% better than that obtained in the media usually used in the laboratory. Similar patterns regarding chemical characterization and biological activity towards Aspergillus sp., from both fruiting body and mycelium-derived secondary metabolites and extracts obtained in the proposed medium were observed. It was shown that such statistical methodologies are useful for optimizing fermentation and, in the specific case of G. lucidum, optimizing processes for its production and its metabolites in submerged culture as an alternative to traditional culture.