Glycemic status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in populations at risk of diabetes in two Latin American cities.

PURPOSE: To estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to glycemic status, and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling. Data were collected from 1135 participants over 30 years of age, at risk of developing T2D from the PREDICOL project. Participants' glycemic status was defined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were divided into normoglycemic subjects (NGT), prediabetes and diabetics do not know they have diabetes (UT2D). HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire of the EuroQol group. Logistic regression and Tobit models were used to examine factors associated with EQ-5D scores for each glycemic group. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 55.6 ± 12.1 years, 76.4% were female, and one in four participants had prediabetes or unknown diabetes. Participants reported problems most frequently on the dimensions of Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression in the different glycemic groups. The mean EQ-5D score in NGT was 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81), in prediabetes, 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), and in participants with UT2D of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82), respectively. Female sex, older age, city of residence, lower education, receiving treatment for hypertension, and marital status were significantly associated with lower levels of HRQOL in the Tobit regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL of NGT, prediabetes, and UT2D participants was statistically similar. However, factors such as gender, age. and place of residence were found to be significant predictors of HRQOL for each glycemic group.

Risk of violence from a current or former partner: Associated factors and classification in a nationwide study in Colombia.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes assaults that risk a woman's bodily integrity. Intimate partners commit IPV, people with whom the victim shares (or shared) a close personal or sexual relationship. This phenomenon has a great global and national impact. Thus, it is necessary to establish trends of the risk of physical violence to women by their current or former partner in each department of Colombia and its relationship with sociodemographic and health characteristics. This study uses an ecological approach at the departmental level, with victims of intimate partner violence treated at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLyCF). Potential factors were identified through Bayesian factor analysis and were included in the model to estimate risk. The findings show that the Casanare department had the highest risk of producing victims (SMR: 2.545). In departments where the educational level of women is at or below primary school, there is a high-risk ß = 0.343 (0.285, 0.397) of them being assaulted. For the departments in which the employment of women is in sales and services or office workers, the associated factor presents a higher risk ß = 0.361 (0.201, 0.485), as in the risk related to affiliation with the social security system ß = 0.338 (0.246, 0.498), as well as sexual and reproductive life ß = 0.143 (0.003, 0.322). The following categories were associated with physical gender violence: no education and low participation in making purchases at home ß = 0.106 (0.049, 0.199), low participation in decisions about their health, and visits to family and friends ß = 0.240 (0.170, 0.299). Therefore, public health programs should strengthen women's empowerment in household decisions and increase their educational level to reduce this incidence.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a population at risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in two Latin American cities.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) characteristics in a population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Barranquilla and Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 1135 participants older than 30 years-of-age recruited in Bogotá D.C., and Barranquilla by cluster sampling in 2018 to 2019. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was used to detect participants at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals CI). RESULTS: Moderate or extreme problems appeared more frequently in the dimensions of Pain/Discomfort (60.8%) and Anxiety/Depression (30.8%). The mean score of the EQ-VAS was 74.3 (± 17.3), significantly larger in the state of complete health (11111) compared with those with problems in more than one of the quality-of-life dimensions. Being female and living in Bogota D.C., were associated with greater odds of reporting problems in the Pain (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.2) and Discomfort dimensions (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.0) respectively and Anxiety/Depression (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.7), (OR 9.1; 95% CI 6.6-12.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As living place and sex were associated with dimensions of Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression in the HRQoL in people at risk of T2D, greater attention should be paid to these determinants of HRQoL to design and reorient strategies with a territorial and gender perspective to achieve better health outcomes. Diabetes is one of the four non-communicable diseases with increasing prevalence in the world, which has made it a serious public health problem. In Colombia, in 2019 diabetes affected 8.4% of the Colombian adult population and more than one million Colombian adults of this age group have hidden or undetected diabetes. This disease is not only characterized by increased premature mortality, loss of productivity, and economic impact, but it also involves a deterioration in the quality of life of people with diabetes with their respective families. However, very Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a population at risk or with prediabetes. This study has evaluated the quality of life in patients at risk of diabetes and their behavior with some variables as sociodemographic, lifestyle, history, and established their difference in two territories of the Colombian Caribbean. The results of this study indicate that the HRQoL of people at risk of type 2 diabetes is affected by factors such as gender, city, dysglycemia, medication for hypertension and education level. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to these determinants of HRQL to design and implement strategies that reduce this risk of developing type 2 diabetes, prevent prediabetes and improve the quality of life in prediabetic or diabetic patients.

Repeated Suicide Attempts Among Service Users of An Emergency Service in Northern Colombia: Characteristics, Associated Factors, And Management / Intento de Suicidio Repetido en Usuarios de un Servicio de Emergencias En Colombia Del Norte: Características, Factores Asociados y Manejo

Abstract Suicide has increased close to 60% in the last four decades worldwide. In Colombia, during the year 2019, 10,9% of violent deaths were due to suicide. This study aimed to identify risk factors predicting repeated suicide attempts. It also aimed to describe the management of suicidal behaviour within an emergency department of Northern Colombia. Dataset comprised 336 medical records of individuals seeking medical assistance for intentional self-harm between 2008-2019; 136 medical records were associated with previously reported suicide attempts. Results from a multivariate logistic regression showed that suicide ideation and having a history of psychiatric disorders significantly predicted repeated suicide attempts. Furthermore, repeated attempts were more likely in underaged individuals and young adults. Management of patients engaging in suicidal behaviour involved hospitalization and outpatient mental health services. However, a few patients were sent home with recommendations or were non-compliant. Findings from this study highlight the importance to develop evidence-based screening and monitoring protocols that prevent repeated suicide attempts.

Resumen El suicidio ha aumentado en cerca de un 60% en los últimos cuarenta años. En Colombia, para el año 2019, el 10.9% de las muertes violentas se presentaron por suicidio. Este estudio busca identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con los intentos repetidos de suicidio y además realiza un análisis descriptivo del manejo dado a estos pacientes. Esta investigación utiliza la base de datos de la unidad de emergencias en un hospital del norte de Colombia, y se centra en los pacientes que acudieron al hospital por intento de suicidio entre enero de 2008 y junio de 2019. La base de datos presenta 336 casos de los cuales el 81% corresponden a intentos suicidas y 19% a gestos. Resultados de un análisis de regresión logística multivariada mostraron que la ideación suicida y la historia de desorden psiquiátrico predecían significativamente los intentos suicidas repetidos y que los intentos repetidos eran más probables en el grupo de individuos menores de edad y en adultez temprana. El tratamiento administrado a los pacientes fue hospitalización y servicios ambulatorios; un porcentaje fue enviado a casa con recomendaciones. Los hallazgos de este estudio destacan la importancia del desarrollo de protocolos estandarizados basados en evidencia para prevenir los intentos repetidos.

Salud y Medio Ambiente: estrategias metodológicas para valorar el impacto de los daños ambientales sobre la salud / Health and Environment: Methodological Strategies to Assess the Impact of Environmental Damage on Health

Este artículo presenta distintas metodologías utilizadas para valorar los impactos que la contaminación ambiental tiene sobre la salud de la población y algunos resultados de los estudios más destacados en el tema. Estos impactos, denominados desde la economía como externalidades, cobran importancia, dado que cuando se toman las decisiones de inversión −como el tipo de tecnología utilizada en un proceso de producción o la ubicación de una planta eléctrica- es evidente que a la sociedad le interesará saber los impactos que se generarán sobre el ambiente y la salud, por tanto, al final se deberán incluir esos efectos externos en el proceso de toma de decisiones. No obstante, la estimación de los efectos de la contaminación sobre la salud trae consigo un alto grado de incertidumbre. Una parte importante de esa incertidumbre no es de carácter científico sino de los resultados de elecciones éticas y por el desconocimiento del futuro. Todo esto implica un análisis de sistemas multidisciplinarios, con aportes de los ingenieros, salubristas, epidemiólogos, ecólogos y economistas.

This paper aims to present different methodologies used to assess the impact of environmental pollution on the health of the population, and some results that have been addressed by the most important studies on the subject. These impacts, known as externalities in economics, become important because when investment decisions are taken, such as the type of technology used in a production process or the location of an electrically plant, it is clear that the society will be interested to know the impacts generated on the environment and health, thus eventually these external effects must be included on the decision-making process. However, the estimation of the effects of pollution on health has a high degree of uncertainty. An important part of that uncertainty is not scientific, but derives from the results of ethical choices and lack of awareness of the future. All this implies a multidisciplinary systems analysis, with input from engineers, public health professionals, epidemiologists, ecologists and economists.

¿Son alcanzables los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio? / Can we achieve the Millenium Objetives?

Colombia, along with 188 countries, committed itself to achieve the so-called Millennium Development Goals. This depends on the performance of the Colombian “departamentos” (provinces) with respect to the basic indicators. Though the central government and local administrations have agreed to pursue these objectives, it is not clear that they will be successful. This paper focuses on the case of the Departamento of Atlántico. The analysis of the basic indicators for this section of the country shows that it is likely that five of the eight objectives pursued will not be reached. There is no information system with which to develop indicators to gauge the effectiveness of government action. Finally, it was found that there is no clear overall policy for the attainment of the declared goals.

Al igual que otros 188 países, Colombia se comprometió con los denominados Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. El logro del compromiso nacional dependerá del desempeño que los departamentos tengan en los indicadores básicos. Aunque se han firmado acuerdos entre el orden central y los gobiernos locales, no se observa un camino claro para alcanzar estos objetivos. Este trabajo se enfoca en el caso del departamento del Atlántico. El análisis de la información disponible muestra que existe un alto riesgo de no lograr por lo menos cinco de los ocho objetivos planteados. Además, no se cuenta con un sistema de información clara para la construcción a futuro de los indicadores necesarios. Finalmente, no existe una política global clara para redireccionar el camino.

Dilatación quística de la vía biliar en adultos: experiencia del Hospital de La Samaritana 1985-2000 / Cystic dilatation of the bibliary tree in adults: experience of the Hospital de La Samaritana 1985-2000

En el servicio de Cirugia General del Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana se revisaron 16 años de casuistica quirúrgica (1985-2000), analizando de forma descriptiva la presentación y tratamiento de la dilatación quística de la vía biliar; se encontraron un total de 21 casos; el 47.6/100 de la población fue menor de 25 años, con límites entre 16 y 46 años. La variedad anatómica mas frecuente fue la dilatación tipo IV A de la clasificación Todani en ocho pacientes. Los síntomas predominantes fueron dolor abdominal asociado a ictericia; en ninguno se observó la triada de dolor abdominal, masa e ictericia. La ecografía hepatobiliar fue el método diagnóstico mas utilizado y en todos los casos se realizó el tratamiento quirúrgico.