Selective intermittent preventive treatment of vivax malaria: reduction of malaria incidence in an open cohort study in brazilian Amazon.

In children, the Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTc), currently called Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), was considered effective on malaria control due to the reduction of its incidence in Papua New Guinea and in some areas with seasonal malaria in Africa. However, the IPT has not been indicated because of its association with drug resistance and for hindering natural immunity development. Thus, we evaluated the alternative IPT impact on malaria incidence in three riverside communities on Madeira River, in the municipality of Porto Velho, RO. We denominate this scheme Selective Intermittent Preventive Treatment (SIPT). The SIPT consists in a weekly dose of two 150 mg chloroquine tablets for 12 weeks, for adults, and an equivalent dose for children, after complete supervised treatment for P. vivax infection. This scheme is recommend by Brazilian Health Ministry to avoid frequent relapses. The clinic parasitological and epidemiological surveillance showed a significant reduction on vivax malaria incidence. The results showed a reduction on relapses and recurrence of malaria after SIPT implementation. The SIPT can be effective on vivax malaria control in localities with high transmission risk in the Brazilian Amazon.

[Spatial analysis and determination of malaria control areas in the State of Rondônia]. / Análise espacial e determinação de áreas para o controle da malária no Estado de Rondônia.

This paper discusses the use of spatial analysis for mapping the risk of malaria in the State of Rondônia between 1994 and 2005. Morans overall and local indices were used for spatial pattern analysis. Based on the Annual Parasitic Index, it can be stated that the municipalities forming the area at greater risk are those in which the urbanization process is more recent. They are characterized by higher population growth, greater number of settled families and high percentages of deforested area. The Moran map showed that the aggregated areas of municipalities at high risk of malaria have undergone a process of spreading into the northwestern and northeastern regions of the State. Among the municipalities considered to be at low risk, this process has taken place towards the southeast. The techniques used in this study deserve to be compared with the current methodology used by the Health Surveillance Department for determining areas at risk and financial transfers for malaria control..

Análise espacial e determinação de áreas para o controle da malária no Estado de Rondônia / Spatial analysis and determination of malaria control areas in the State of Rondônia

Este trabalho discute o uso de análise espacial para confecção de mapas de risco para malária no Estado de Rondônia, entre 1994 e 2005. Para análise do padrão espacial, foram utilizados os índices de Moran global e local. Com base nos valores do Índice Parasitário Anual, pode-se afirmar que os municípios que constituem a área de maior risco são os de urbanização mais recente, caracterizados por: maior crescimento populacional, maior número de famílias assentadas e elevado percentual de área desmatada. O Moran Map mostrou que os agregados de municípios com maior risco para malária sofreram processo de espalhamento para a região noroeste e nordeste do estado. Já nos municípios considerados como de menor risco, o processo se deu em direção ao sudeste. As técnicas utilizadas em nosso estudo merecem ser comparadas com a atual metodologia utilizada pela Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária na determinação de áreas de risco e repasse financeiro para controle da malária.

This paper discusses the use of spatial analysis for mapping the risk of malaria in the State of Rondônia between 1994 and 2005. Moran’s overall and local indices were used for spatial pattern analysis. Based on the Annual Parasitic Index, it can be stated that the municipalities forming the area at greater risk are those in which the urbanization process is more recent. They are characterized by higher population growth, greater number of settled families and high percentages of deforested area. The Moran map showed that the aggregated areas of municipalities at high risk of malaria have undergone a process of spreading into the northwestern and northeastern regions of the State. Among the municipalities considered to be at low risk, this process has taken place towards the southeast. The techniques used in this study deserve to be compared with the current methodology used by the Health Surveillance Department for determining areas at risk and financial transfers for malaria control.