On the genus Diphya: notes on the Brazilian D. bicolor and a new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)

In this paper a new species of Diphya Nicolet, 1849, D. napo sp. nov. is described based on males and females from Ecuador. The female of Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926 is described and illustrated for the first time and new records are presented. Oarces ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 and Azilia eximia (Mello-Leitão, 1940) are synonymized with D. bicolor, being A. eximia removed from the synonym of Azilia Keyserling, 1881 and being Cardimia Mello-Leitão, 1940 considered synonym of Diphya.

Neste artigo uma nova espécie de Diphya Nicolet, 1849, D. napo sp. nov. é descrita com base em machos e fêmeas do Equador. A fêmea de Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926 é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez e registros novos são apresentados. Oarces ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 e Azilia eximia (Mello-Leitão, 1940) são sinonimizadas com D. bicolor, sendo A. eximia retirada da sinonímia de Azilia Keyserling, 1881 e Cardimia Mello-Leitão, 1940 é considerado sinônimo de Diphya.

Ground-dwelling Spider Communities Respond to Changes in Riparian Vegetation Widths.

Spiders play a key role in the ecological dynamics in riparian habitats. However, most studies on the effects of changes in riparian habitats on spider communities have focused on the conversion of riparian forest to other land uses rather than on a gradient of forest widths. We assessed the community structure of ground-dwelling spiders in riparian vegetation fragments with varying widths in Southern Brazil. We selected four fragments with different riparian vegetation widths (> 40 m; < 30 m; < 15 m; < 5 m). In each fragment, spiders were seasonally collected using pitfall traps. We tested the effects of riparian vegetation widths and environmental variables (litter height, litter cover and canopy openness) on the taxonomic and guild composition of spider communities. The taxonomic and guild composition of ground-dwelling spiders varied among the widest (> 40 and < 30 m) and narrower riparian widths (< 15 m and < 5 m). While hunting spiders were associated with the narrower widths, web-building spiders were associated with the wider widths. Spider composition was influenced by the leaf litter height in the widest widths (> 40 and < 30 m) and by canopy openness in the narrowest width (< 15 m). Reductions in riparian vegetation were associated with significant changes in the community structure of ground-dwelling spiders, likely through top-down mechanisms associated with the higher litter input in wider fragments. In summary, the fragmentation of the riparian forests of Sothern Brazil are negatively associated with web-building spiders.

An update on the phylogeny of Spintharinae with analysis based on morphological characters and taxonomy of Janula (Araneae, Theridiidae)

The present study evaluates the monophyly of Spintharinae with the inclusion of all ten genera listed under subfamily (Brunepisinus; Chrosiothes; Episinus; Janula; Moneta; Neoepisinus; Pycnoepisinus; Spintharus; Stemmops; and Thwaitesia) and establishes the internal relationship among the spintharines genera. We evaluated 107 morphological characters and included 59 species as terminal taxa, 13 of which are outgroups. The phylogenetic analysis under implied weight resulted in three most parsimonious trees with the same topology with six optimal K values (3.349, 4.025, 4.910, 6.117, 7.859, 10.598). The monophyly of the Spintharinae is supported by four synapomorphies, two of these are exclusive. Stemmops was found to be a sister group to the rest of Spintharinae. The genera Spintharus, Thwaitesia, and Chrosiothes constitute a group. A larger group is represented by Brunepisinus, Episinus, Moneta, Neopisinus, and Pycnoepisinus. The other large group includes species of Janula and some species of Episinus. The genus Episinus appears polyphyletic. We described seven new species of the Spintharinae genus Janula from Brazil. Sixteen species are transferred from Episinus to Janula. Males of Janula malachina and J. teresopolis are described for the first time. Episinus rio is synonymized with Janula bicorniger. We present new illustrations of the male and female of Janula nebulosa and J. salobrensis. The species Janula bicruciata and J. nebulosa are recorded for the first time from Bolivia and other new records are provided for the known species. Episinus albostriatus is transferred to Chrosiothes.

Description of four new species of the spider genus Euryopis Menge, 1868, with new records from Brazil (Araneae, Theridiidae, Hadrotarsinae).

The spider genus Euryopis Menge, 1868 (Theridiidae) currently comprises 76 described species worldwide and only two described species from Brazil and none for Bolivia. In this paper four new species of Euryopis from Brazil and Bolivia are described and illustrated: Euryopis candiota n. sp.; Euryopis nasuta n. sp.; Euryopis catarinensis n. sp. all from Brazil and Euryopis boliviensis n. sp. from Bolivia. New records from Brazil are provided for E. camis Levi, 1963 and E. spinifera O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895.

On the Neotropical spider genus Tullgrenella Mello-Leitão, 1941: two new species, complementary descriptions and new records (Araneae: Salticidae).

The genus Tullgrenella Mello-Leitão, 1941 presently consists of 13 exclusively Neotropical species. In this paper both sexes of two new species are described from Bolivia: Tullgrenella nadjae sp. nov. and Tullgrenella brescoviti sp. nov. The female of T. guayapae Galiano, 1970 is described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, new records from southern Brazil are provided for T. guayapae, T. serrana Galiano, 1970, T. quadripunctata (Mello-Leitão, 1944) and T. yungae Galiano, 1970.

On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae).

In this paper a new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 based on males and females is described from Brazilian caves: Cryptachaea pilar Santanna Rodrigues, new species from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The females of Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are described and illustrated for the first time. Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) is synonymized with C. migrans (Keyserling, 1884). The species Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884), C. benivia Rodrigues Poeta, 2015, C. parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are recorded for the first from Brazil; and C. migrans for the first time from Bolivia. Additionally, new records from Brazilian caves are provided for Cryptachaea parana, from the states of Tocantins, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo; C. schneirlai and C. alacris from the state of Pará; C. dea (Buckup Marques, 2006) and C. rioensis (Levi, 1963) from Pará and Minas Gerais, C. jequirituba (Levi, 1963) from Minas Gerais and C. benivia from São Paulo.

Frugivorous butterflies from the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) / Borboletas frugívoras da Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract: This study aimed to present a list of the species of frugivorous butterflies occurring in Atlantic Forests, in the Conservation Units: National Forest of Chapecó (FLONA), Ecological Station of Mata Preta (ESEC) and State Park of Araucárias (PAEAR) and adjacent forest fragments, located in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. Three samplings were conducted between December 2017 and March 2018, totaling 24 days of collection in each sampling area. Van Someren-Rydon traps were used to capture frugivorous butterflies. There were 4,231 frugivorous butterflies belonging to four subfamilies, 12 tribes and 49 species. In all, 37 species of frugivorous butterflies were sampled in FLONA and 29 in adjacent forest fragments. In ESEC, 29 species and 33 in adjacent forest fragments. In PAEAR, 33 species and 28 in adjacent forest fragments. Of the total species registered, 15 species are new records for the state of Santa Catarina and 11 are new records for the western region of the state. The most abundant species for FLONA were: Manataria hercyna (Hübner, 1821) and Hermeuptychia sp. In ESEC, were Hermeuptychia sp. and Yphthimoides ordinaria (Freitas, Kaminski & Mielke, 2012). In PAEAR, greater abundance of Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824) and Eryphanes reevesii (Doubleday, 1849) were verified. For the adjacent forest fragments to Conservation Units, there was a greater abundance of Hermeuptychia sp., Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Morpho epistrophus (Fabricius, 1796) e Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824). Satyrinae presented higher richness (S = 34) and abundance (90.58%) in all areas sampled. The rarefaction and extrapolation curves for the Conservation Units and adjacent forest fragments showed a greater rise in the FLONA and PAEAR sampling units and their adjacent forest fragments. The estimated sampling coverage for Conservation Unit and forest fragments was above 97%. The richness calculated through the Jackknife 1 estimator, for the FLONA and PAEAR samplings, presented a value of 50.75 and 37.09, respectively. The fauna of frugivorous butterflies from this region, first investigated in areas of Conservation Units, showed to be expressive and well represented in the Atlantic Forest Biome, indicating its potential as a refuge for biodiversity.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma lista das espécies de borboletas frugívoras ocorrentes em florestas da Mata Atlântica, nas Unidades de Conservação: Floresta Nacional de Chapecó (FLONA), Estação Ecológica da Mata Preta (ESEC) e Parque Estadual das Araucárias (PAEAR) e fragmentos florestais adjacentes, localizados na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas três campanhas de coletas entre dezembro de 2017 e março de 2018, totalizando 24 dias de coletas em cada área amostral. Para a captura das borboletas frugívoras, foram utilizadas armadilhas Van Someren-Rydon. Foram registradas 4231 borboletas frugívoras pertencentes a quatro subfamílias, 12 tribos e 49 espécies. Foram amostradas 37 espécies de borboletas frugívoras na FLONA e 29 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. Na ESEC 29 espécies e 33 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. No PAEAR 33 espécies e 28 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. Do total de espécies registradas, 15 espécies de borboletas frugívoras são novos registros para o estado de Santa Catarina e 11 são novos registros para a região oeste do estado. As espécies mais abundantes para a FLONA foram: Manataria hercyna (Hübner, 1821) e Hermeuptychia sp. Na ESEC, foram Hermeuptychia sp. e Yphthimoides ordinaria (Freitas, Kaminski & Mielke, 2012). No PAEAR verificou-se maior abundância das espécies Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824) e Eryphanes reevesii (Doubleday, 1849). Para os fragmentos florestais adjacentes das Unidades de Conservação houve maior abundância das espécies: Hermeuptychia sp., Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Morpho epistrophus (Fabricius, 1796) e Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824). Satyrinae apresentou maior riqueza (S=34) e abundância (90,58%) de borboletas frugívoras em todas as áreas amostradas. As curvas de rarefação e extrapolação, para as Unidades de Conservação e fragmentos florestais adjacentes mostraram uma maior ascendência nas unidades amostrais da FLONA e PAEAR e seus fragmentos florestais adjacentes. A cobertura estimada de amostragem para as borboletas frugívoras, para as Unidades de Conservação e fragmentos florestais, ficou acima de 97%. A riqueza calculada através do estimador Jackknife 1, mostrou-se superior à riqueza observada, sendo que para as amostragens na FLONA e PAEAR, o estimador apresentou um valor de 50,75 e 37,09, respectivamente. A fauna de borboletas frugívoras da região, investigada pela primeira vez em áreas de Unidades de Conservação, mostrou-se bastante expressiva e bem representada no Bioma Mata Atlântica, indicando seu potencial como refúgio da biodiversidade.

On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae)

In this paper a new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 based on males and females is described from Brazilian caves: Cryptachaea pilar Santanna & Rodrigues, new species from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The females of Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are described and illustrated for the first time. Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) is synonymized with C. migrans (Keyserling, 1884). The species Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884), C. benivia Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015, C. parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are recorded for the first from Brazil; and C. migrans for the first time from Bolivia. Additionally, new records from Brazilian caves are provided for Cryptachaea parana, from the states of Tocantins, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo; C. schneirlai and C. alacris from the state of Pará; C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006) and C. rioensis (Levi, 1963) from Pará and Minas Gerais, C. jequirituba (Levi, 1963) from Minas Gerais and C. benivia from São Paulo.

On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae)

In this paper a new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 based on males and females is described from Brazilian caves: Cryptachaea pilar Santanna & Rodrigues, new species from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The females of Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are described and illustrated for the first time. Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) is synonymized with C. migrans (Keyserling, 1884). The species Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884), C. benivia Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015, C. parana (Levi, 1963) and C. schneirlai (Levi, 1959) are recorded for the first from Brazil; and C. migrans for the first time from Bolivia. Additionally, new records from Brazilian caves are provided for Cryptachaea parana, from the states of Tocantins, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo; C. schneirlai and C. alacris from the state of Pará; C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006) and C. rioensis (Levi, 1963) from Pará and Minas Gerais, C. jequirituba (Levi, 1963) from Minas Gerais and C. benivia from São Paulo.

Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil.

The spider genus Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894, currently comprises 22 described species. Spiders of this genus are mainly known from the Neotropical Region, but are poorly studied in Brazil. In this paper five new species of Brazilian Stemmops are described: Stemmops murici new species; Stemmops carauari new species; Stemmops carajas new species; Stemmops pains new species, and Stemmops guapiacu new species. Additionally, new records from Brazil are provided for Stemmops carius Marques Buckup, 1996 from state of São Paulo; Stemmops belavista Marques Buckup, 1996 from Mato Grosso do Sul; and Stemmops vicosa Levi, 1964 from Alagoas. The species Stemmops servus Levi, 1964 (known from Panama) is recorded for the first time in Brazil from states of Amazonas, Paraíba, Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

Six new species and new records of the spider genus Chrosiothes from Brazil with the description of the female of Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae).

The spider genus Chrosiothes Simon, 1894 currently comprises 21 described species. Spiders of this genus are mainly known from the Neotropical Region, but are poorly studied in Brazil. In this paper six new species of Chrosiothes are described from Brazil: Chrosiothes diabolicus new species; Chrosiothes carajaensis new species; Chrosiothes cicuta new species; Chrosiothes murici new species; Chrosiothes decorus new species and Chrosiothes una new species. The female of Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 is described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, new records from Brazil are provided for C. perfidus Marques & Buckup, 1997 and C. niteroi Levi, 1964.

Two new species of orb-weaving spiders of the genus Larinia (Araneae, Araneidae) in meridional Brazil.

The araneid genus Larinia Simon currently includes 56 species, eleven of them with New World distribution (World Spider Catalog, 2016). North American species of the genus were revised first time by Levi (1975) and South American species by Harrod et al. (1991). According to these authors there are four species known from subtropical South America (Larinia bivittata Keyserling 1885; L. montecarlo (Levi, 1988); L. t-notata (Tullgren, 1905); L. tucuman Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991) and also four species known from tropical South America (L. ambo Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991; L. directa (Hentz, 1847); L. lampa Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991; L. neblina Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991). According to Buckup et al. (2010) a total of 209 species of Araneidae are recorded for state of Rio Grande do Sul, including the three species L. bivittata, L. montecarlo and L. t-notata.

A new species and a new record of the spider genus Nesticus (Araneae, Nesticidae) from southern Brazil.

The spider family Nesticidae includes 233 species in 13 genera and is distributed almost worldwide (World Spider Catalog, 2016). However, the family is still poorly known in the Neotropical Region. The genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 comprises 132 species and seven subspecies and was described based on N. cellulanus (Clerck, 1757), from Europe (World Spider Catalog, 2016). Meridional South American species of Nesticus were revised by Ott & Lise (2002). More recently, Faleiro & Santos (2011) described a new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and Torres et al. (2016) a new species from the province of Salta, Argentina. Nowadays, Nesticus is represented by six species in Brazil: Nesticus brasiliensis Brignoli, 1979; Nesticus brignolii Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus calilegua Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus ivone Faleiro & Santos, 2011; Nesticus potreiro Ott & Lise, 2002 and Nesticus taim Ott & Lise, 2002 (World Spider Catalog 2016).

New species and records of cunaxid mites (Acari: Cunaxidae) from soil in Southern Brazil.

Neocunaxoides promatae sp. nov., Bonzia flechtmanni sp. nov. and Dactyloscirus multiscutus sp. nov. are described from soil and leaf litter in Atlantic rainforest and Atlantic Araucaria forest in natural environments in São Francisco de Paula municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In addition, the species Pulaeus quadrisolenidius Castro & Den Heyer 2009 and Lupaeus lectus Castro & Den Heyer (2009) are registered for the first time in this State.

On the spider genus Thymoites in the Neotropical Region (Araneae, Theridiidae): nine new species, complementary descriptions and new records.

The theridiid genus Thymoites Keyserling, 1884 is distributed worldwide. Spiders of this genus are mainly known from the Neotropical Region, but are poorly studied in Brazil. In this paper nine new species of Thymoites are described from Brazil, one from the state of Alagoas: Thymoites murici n. sp.; two from São Paulo: T. bocaina n. sp., T. ilhabela n. sp. and T. taiobeiras n. sp. from states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo; one from the state of Santa Catarina: Thymoites tabuleiro n. sp.; and, three from state of Rio Grande do Sul: Thymoites cristal n. sp., T. camaqua n. sp. and T. piratini n. sp., all based on males and females; and one from the state of Rio de Janeiro: T. pinheiral n. sp. based on male. The male of Thymoites puer (Mello-Leitão, 1941) and the female of T. melloleitaoni (Bristowe, 1938) are here described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, new records from Brazil are provided for Thymoites ilvan Levi, 1964 for state of Santa Catarina; T. iritus Levi, 1964 for state of Goiás; T. piarco (Levi, 1959) for state of Amazonas; and, T. struthio (Simon, 1895) for Bolivia.

A new species and new records of linyphiid spiders (Araneae Linyphiidae) from Amazonas, Brazil

Linyphiidae is currently the second richest family of spiders in the order Araneae but is poorly known and studied in Brazil, particularly in the northern states. In this contribution we describe a new species of Exechopsis Millidge, 1991 from the State of Amazonas, based on both males and females. The male of Meionetaadami Millidge, 1991 is described for the first time. Mermessus conjunctus (Millidge, 1991), Novafrontina uncata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902), Sphecozone fastibilis (Keyserling, 1886), Sphecozone ignigena (Keyserling, 1886) and Vesicapalpus simplex Millidge, 1991 are recorded for the first time from Amazonas. Sphecozone crassa (Millidge, 1991) are presented additional record from Amazonas.

Six new species, complementary descriptions and new records from the Neotropical Region of the spider genus Dipoena (Araneae: Theridiidae).

The theridiid genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869 is distributed worldwide. Dipoena are recognized by male with carapace often high, cylindrical, with grooves or depression on dorsum; carapace of female rarely modified, sometimes high. In this paper six new species of Dipoena are described from Brazil, one from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Dipoena bonitensis new species, three from São Paulo: Dipoena cidae new species, Dipoena ericae new species and Dipoena santaritadopassaquatrensis new species and two from Paraná: Dipoena guaraquecaba new species and Dipoena fozdoiguacuensis new species, all based on males and females. The males of Dipoena pusilla (Keyserling, 1886); D. peruensis Levi, 1963; D. olivenca Levi, 1963 and D. esra Levi, 1963 and the female of Dipoena niteroi Levi, 1963 are here described and illustrated for the first time. New records from Brazil include Dipoena augara Levi, 1963; D. bryantae Chickering, 1943; D. duodecimpunctata Chickering, 1943; D. isthmia Chickering, 1943; D. kuyuwini Levi, 1963; D. mendoza Levi, 1967; D. puertoricensis Levi, 1963; D. tiro Levi, 1963 and D. trinidensis Levi, 1963; and new records from Bolivia include Dipoena atlantica Chickering, 1943, D. cornuta Chickering, 1943 and D. kuyuwini. New distribution records within Brazil are presented for Dipoena cordiformis Keyserling, 1886; D. hortoni Chickering, 1943; D. ira Levi, 1963; D. militaris Chickering, 1943; D. obscura Keyserling, 1891; D. pumicata (Keyserling, 1886); D. santacatarinae Levi, 1963; D. tingo Levi, 1963 and D. variabilis (Keyserling, 1886).

Espécies novas de Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae), descrições complementares e nota taxonômica / New species of Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae), complementary descriptions and taxonomic note

Alpaida arvoredo sp. nov. é descrita com base em machos e fêmeas da Ilha do Arvoredo, litoral de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O macho foi descrito associado à Alpaida hoffmanni Levi, 1988. O macho correto de A. hoffmanni é descrito pela primeira vez. Alpaida caramba sp. nov., com base em ambos os sexos, é descrita do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os machos de Alpaida kochalkai Levi, 1988 e A. lomba Levi, 1988, são descritos pela primeira vez.

Alpaida arvoredo sp. nov. is described based on males and females from Arvoredo Island, Santa Catarina coast, Brazil. The male was described associated to A. hoffmanni Levi, 1988. The correct male of A. hoffmanni is described for the first time. Alpaida caramba sp. nov., based on both sexes, is described from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The males of Alpaida kochalkai Levi, 1988 and A. lomba Levi, 1988, are described for the first time.

Novo gênero neotropical de Spintharinae (Araneae, Theridiidae) / New neotropical genus of Spintharinae (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Neopisinus gen. nov. é proposto com designação da espécie-tipo Neopisisnus fiapo sp. nov., com base em ambos os sexos, do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Neopisinus distingue-se de todos os gêneros de Spintharinae pelo palpo do macho com enorme condutor trífido, com duas projeções afiladas e uma com ápice bifurcado; pela forma característica da apófise tegular de theridioideos com um lobo terminal e outro dorsal. Nas fêmeas, epígino com aberturas inconspícuas junto à fenda transversal no terço anterior e, internamente, por um espessamento mediano-longitudinal tubular, por onde correm os ductos de copulação em seu percurso inicial. Neopisinus urucu sp. nov. é descrita do norte do Brasil, com base em ambos os sexos. Sete espécies são transferidas de Episinus para Neopisinus: N. bigibbosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896), N. bruneoviridis (Mello-Leitão, 1948), N. cognatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893), N. gratiosus (Bryant, 1940), N. longipes (Keyserling, 1884), N. putus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) e N. recifensis (Levi, 1964). São descritos pela primeira vez o macho de N. longipes e a fêmea de N. recifensis. Novas ocorrências e ilustrações são apresentadas para N. bruneoviridis.

Neopisinus gen. nov. is proposed on the type species Neopisinus fiapo sp. nov., based on male and female specimens from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neopisinus differs from all Spintharinae by having the male palp with an enormous trifid conductor with two pointed structures and the third one apically bifurcated and by the characteristic shape of the theridioid tegular apophyses with a terminal and a dorsal lobes. The female genitalia has the inconspicuous opening anteriorly on a transversal sclerotized slit and internally a tubular longitudinal median thickening, where the copulatory ducts run in their initial trajectory. From northern Brazil, Neopisinus urucu sp. nov. is described based on both sexes. Seven species are transferred from Episinus to Neopisinus: N. bigibbosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896), N. bruneoviridis (Mello-Leitão, 1948), N. cognatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893), N. gratiosus (Bryant, 1940), N. longipes (Keyserling, 1884), N. putus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) and N. recifensis (Levi, 1964). The male of N. longipes and the female of N. recifensis are described for the first time. New records and illustrations of N. bruneoviridis are provided.

Thrips species (Thysanoptera, Terebrantia) inhabiting irrigated rice and surrounding habitats in Cachoeirinha, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Espécies de tripes (Thysanoptera, Terebrantia) habitantes do arroz irrigado e habitats adjacentes em Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

In Brazil, almost nothing is known about the thrips fauna associated with rice crops. This is especially true for Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), the major rice producer in Brazil, where no systematic surveys have been conducted. Thus, this work records preliminarily the species of suborder Terebrantia inhabitanting irrigated rice (RC) and three nearby habitats: the area selected for rice, before cultivation (BR), grassland (GR) and forest border (FB) in Cachoeirinha, RS (50º58'21"W; 29º55'30"S). Eight field trips were carried out between October/2004 and February/2005 to Estação Experimental do Arroz in Cachoeirinha. Thrips specimens were collected with sweeping net and transported to laboratory for identification. A total of 623 adults terebrantians were recorded, belonging to two families and 18 species. Frankliniella rodeos (55.5 percent), Neohydatothrips cf. paraensis (30.3 percent) and Frankliniella schultzei (5.6 percent), were the most abundant, comprising more than 90 percent of the individuals. FB showed the highest species richness (S=15), followed by GR (S=10), RC (S=9) and BR (S=6). FB presented a low number of individuals (14.0 percent), contrasting with GR (44.8 percent) and BR (36.7 percent). In general, thrips abundance in RC was low at EEA (4.5 percent), and few species seems to effectively use rice as a host-plant. Two species previously considered of economic importance were found, F. rodeos and F. schultzei, the latter a new record for rice in Brazil. Five species are new records to RS.

No Brasil, pouco se sabe a respeito da fauna de tripes associada à cultura do arroz. Isto é especialmente válido para o Rio Grande do Sul (RS), o maior produtor de arroz do país, onde nenhum levantamento sistemático tem sido realizado. Visando suprir tal lacuna, este estudo registra preliminarmente as espécies da subordem Terebrantia habitantes do arroz irrigado (RC) e de três habitats vizinhos: área antes do plantio do arroz (BR), campo (GR) e borda de mata (FB) em Cachoeirinha, RS (50º58'21"W; 29º55'30"S). Foram realizadas oito saídas de campo entre outubro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2005 para a Estação Experimental do Arroz em Cachoeirinha. Os tripes foram coletados através de varredura e levados até o laboratório para identificação. Foram amostrados 623 Terebrantia adultos, pertencendo a duas famílias e 18 espécies. Frankliniella rodeos (55,5 por cento), Neohydatothrips cf. paraensis (30,3 por cento) e Frankliniella schultzei (5,6 por cento), foram as espécies mais abundantes, perfazendo mais de 90 por cento da amostra. FB apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies (S=15), seguida por GR (S=10), RC (S=9) e BR (S=6). FB apresentou um baixo número de indivíduos (14,0 por cento), contrastando com GR (44,8 por cento) e BR (36,7 por cento). No geral, a abundância de tripes em RC na área de estudo foi baixa (4,5 por cento), e provavelmente poucas espécies usam efetivamente o arroz como hospedeira. Foram coletadas duas espécies de importância econômica, F. rodeos and F. schultzei, sendo esta última um novo registro para o arroz no Brasil. Cinco espécies são novos registros para o RS.