Risk factors for cognitive impairment in school-age children born preterm: application of a hierarchical model.

The purpose was to analyze factors associated with cognitive impairment in very low birth weight (VLBW) children born preterm. A prospective cohort of 65 VLBW children was assessed at the age of eight years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. A model for the relationship of variables with the cognitive impairment outcome attributed hierarchical levels: distal (socioeconomic variables), intermediate I and II (perinatal and neonatal variables, post-neonatal variables) and proximal (child health and psychosocial stimulation). A multivariate logistic regression was performed. In the multivariate hierarchical logistic regression, the maternal education (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.63-0.94) and number of prenatal visits (OR=0.73, 95%CI 0.54-0.99) showed a protective association, but the male (OR=7.3, 95%CI 1.54-35.3) was associated with worse results. The VLBW children cognitive performance in the age of eight years benefits from more educated mothers, better prenatal care, and the baby gender as female.

Risk factors for cognitive impairment in school-age children born preterm: application of a hierarchical model / Fatores de risco para alteração cognitiva em escolares nascidos pré-termo: aplicação de modelo hierarquizado

The purpose was to analyze factors associated with cognitive impairment in very low birth weight (VLBW) children born preterm. A prospective cohort of 65 VLBW children was assessed at the age of eight years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. A model for the relationship of variables with the cognitive impairment outcome attributed hierarchical levels: distal (socioeconomic variables), intermediate I and II (perinatal and neonatal variables, post-neonatal variables) and proximal (child health and psychosocial stimulation). A multivariate logistic regression was performed. In the multivariate hierarchical logistic regression, the maternal education (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.63-0.94) and number of prenatal visits (OR=0.73, 95%CI 0.54-0.99) showed a protective association, but the male (OR=7.3, 95%CI 1.54-35.3) was associated with worse results. The VLBW children cognitive performance in the age of eight years benefits from more educated mothers, better prenatal care, and the baby gender as female.

O objetivo foi analisar fatores associados à alteração cognitiva na idade escolar de crianças nascidas prematuras de muito baixo peso (PMBP). Uma coorte prospectiva de 65 crianças PMBP foi avaliada aos oito anos através da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças. Um modelo para relação das variáveis com o desfecho alteração cognitiva reconheceu níveis hierárquicos: distal (variáveis socioeconômicas), intermediário I e II (variáveis perinatais e neonatais; variáveis pós-neonatais) e proximal (saúde da criança e estímulo psicossocial). Foi realizada análise de regressão logística multivariada. Na regressão logística hierarquizada multivariada, a escolaridade materna (OR=0,77; IC95% 0,63-0,94) e o número de consultas no pré-natal (OR=0,73; IC95% 0,54-0,99) mostraram uma associação protetora; porém o sexo masculino (OR=7,3; IC95% 1,54-35,3) foi associado a piores resultados. O desempenho cognitivo dos PMBP na idade de oito anos é beneficiado pela maior escolaridade das mães, melhor assistência pré-natal e pelo bebê ser do sexo feminino.

[Cognitive development of premature children at school age: a proposal for a hierarchical model to investigate risk factors]. / Desenvolvimento cognitivo de prematuros à idade escolar: proposta de modelo hierarquizado para investigação dos fatores de risco.

Cognitive impairment is a neurodevelopmental sequela that is more prevalent in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature children. There are few Brazilian studies on this group's cognitive development at school age. The current study proposes a theoretical discussion on the determinants of cognitive development at school age in VLBW preterm children, using a hierarchical analytical model. According to this model, biological and environmental factors interrelate on several levels (distal, intermediate, and proximal), resulting in changes in cognitive development. The aim is to investigate the possible mediation of variables and their interrelationships and the resulting events that could lead to cognitive impairment as the outcome. Selection of risk factors was based on a literature review of factors associated with adverse cognitive outcomes. Better understanding of the interrelationships between these factors could lead to more appropriate prevention and intervention in this group, thereby increasing their chances of educational and social inclusion.

Desenvolvimento cognitivo de prematuros à idade escolar: proposta de modelo hierarquizado para investigação dos fatores de risco / Cognitive development of premature children at school age: a proposal for a hierarchical model to investigate risk factors

O déficit cognitivo é a sequela do neurodesenvolvimento mais prevalente na população de prematuros de muito baixo peso. Poucos são os trabalhos nacionais sobre o desenvolvimento desta população na idade escolar. Este estudo propõe uma discussão teórica sobre os fatores determinantes do desenvolvimento cognitivo na idade escolar de prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer, utilizando o modelo hierarquizado de análise. Neste modelo, fatores biológicos e ambientais se relacionariam em diversos níveis: distal, intermediário e proximal, resultando em alterações no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Pretende-se, desta forma, aprofundar a questão das mediações possíveis das variáveis e suas inter-relações e consequentes eventos que podem levar ao desfecho. Para a seleção dos fatores de risco foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre fatores associados a resultados cognitivos desfavoráveis. Pressupõe-se que o melhor conhecimento das inter-relações destes fatores auxiliaria na prevenção e intervenção mais adequada nesta população, aumentando suas chances de inclusão escolar e social.

Cognitive impairment is a neurodevelopmental sequela that is more prevalent in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature children. There are few Brazilian studies on this group's cognitive development at school age. The current study proposes a theoretical discussion on the determinants of cognitive development at school age in VLBW preterm children, using a hierarchical analytical model. According to this model, biological and environmental factors interrelate on several levels (distal, intermediate, and proximal), resulting in changes in cognitive development. The aim is to investigate the possible mediation of variables and their interrelationships and the resulting events that could lead to cognitive impairment as the outcome. Selection of risk factors was based on a literature review of factors associated with adverse cognitive outcomes. Better understanding of the interrelationships between these factors could lead to more appropriate prevention and intervention in this group, thereby increasing their chances of educational and social inclusion.

Predictive factors for neuromotor abnormalities at the corrected age of 12 months in very low birth weight premature infants.

BACKGROUND: The increase in survival of premature newborns has sparked growing interest in the prediction of their long-term neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of neuromotor abnormalities at the corrected age of 12 months and to identify the predictive factors associated with altered neuromotor development in very low birth weight premature infants. METHOD: Cohort study. The sample included 100 premature infants. The outcome was neuromotor development at 12 months classified by Bayley Scale (PDI) and neurological assessment (tonus, reflexes, posture). A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed. Neonatal variables and neuromotor abnormalities up to 6 months of corrected age were selected by bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 1126g (SD: 240). Abnormal neuromotor development was presented in 60 children at 12 months corrected age. CONCLUSION: According to the model, patients with a diagnosis including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypertonia of lower extremities, truncal hypotonia showed a 94.0% probability of neuromotor involvement at 12 months.

Predictive factors for neuromotor abnormalities at the corrected age of 12 months in very low birth weight premature infants / Fatores preditivos para anormalidades neuromotoras aos 12 meses de idade corrigida em prematuros de muito baixo peso

BACKGROUND: The increase in survival of premature newborns has sparked growing interest in the prediction of their long-term neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of neuromotor abnormalities at the corrected age of 12 months and to identify the predictive factors associated with altered neuromotor development in very low birth weight premature infants. METHOD: Cohort study. The sample included 100 premature infants. The outcome was neuromotor development at 12 months classified by Bayley Scale (PDI) and neurological assessment (tonus, reflexes, posture). A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed. Neonatal variables and neuromotor abnormalities up to 6 months of corrected age were selected by bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 1126g (SD: 240). Abnormal neuromotor development was presented in 60 children at 12 months corrected age. CONCLUSION: According to the model, patients with a diagnosis including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypertonia of lower extremities, truncal hypotonia showed a 94.0 percent probability of neuromotor involvement at 12 months.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento na sobrevida de recém-nascidos prematuros tem suscitado interesse crescente na predição do seu neurodesenvolvimento a longo prazo. OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência de anormalidades neuromotoras aos 12 meses de idade corrigida e identificar os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuromotor alterado em prematuros de muito baixo peso. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte. A amostra incluiu 100 crianças prematuras.O desfecho foi o desenvolvimento neuromotor aos 12 meses. Modelo de regressão logística multivariado foi construído. Variáveis neonatais e anormalidades neuromotoras até os 6 meses de idade corrigida foram selecionadas por análise bivariada. RESULTADOS: O peso de nascimento médio foi 1126g (DP:240). Aos 12 meses 60 por cento das crianças apresentaram desenvolvimento neuromotor alterado. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com o modelo, pacientes com diagnóstico incluindo displasia broncopulmonar, hipertonia de membros inferiores e hipotonia de tronco tinham 94 por cento de probabilidade de comprometimento neuromotor aos 12 meses.