Association between early onset of skin-to-skin contact and mother-infant interaction at hospital discharge and six months of corrected age among preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mother-infant interaction between hospital discharge and at six months of corrected age of infants born ≤32 weeks and investigate the association between the onset of skin-to-skin contact and the difference in mother-infant interaction between discharge and six months of corrected age (CA) among preterm infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study, in which 72 mother-infant dyads were evaluated. Preterm newborns (born with gestational age ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age) from two public maternity hospitals were assessed by means of video macro analysis of the mother-infant interaction according to the parameters adopted by the Mother-Baby Observation Protocol 0-6 (POIMB), at hospital discharge and at six months of corrected gestational age. Such variables as socioeconomic conditions, depression and maternal anxiety were controlled. Multivariate model was built. RESULTS: Onset skin-to-skin contact within three days of life increased by 1.30 points for the best interactive infant behavior at discharge for the six months of CA. In addition, in relation to the tuning of the mother-infant dyad, the initiation of skin-to-skin contact at 20 days of life reduced 1.0 point significantly. Multiparous mothers or those exposed to cigarette smoke performed worse in the development of the dyad. CONCLUSION: The preterm newborn should initiate skin-to-skin contact early and, whenever possible, by the third day of life to favor mother-infant interaction.

Neuropsychomotor development in children born preterm at 6 and 12 months of corrected gestational age.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of neuropsychomotor developmental delay at 6 and 12 months of corrected gestational age in children born at 32 gestational weeks or less. METHODS: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out at two public maternity hospitals. Between April 2017 and January 2019, we assessed 133 children without any known risk factors for neuropsychomotor developmental delay. The Bayley III scale was used to evaluate cognitive and motor development. The p value of the numerical variables was calculated using the Mann-Whitney test, whereas proportions of categorical variables were compared using the Z-test. RESULTS: The mean maternal age was 26±6.9 years,78.8% were from middle and lower economic classes, and 57.1% of the analyzed children were female. Children presented with a higher incidence of delay at 12 months than at 6 months (10.3 and 2.3% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the cognitive score; 22.7 and 12% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the composite motor score; and 24.7 and 8.4% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the fine motor score). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive and motor developmental delays were significant, with the highest incidence at 12 months. The results of this study encourage further research on this topic, since the exclusion criteria were comprehensive and the delays in neuropsychomotor development were significant.

Factors associated with the socioemotional development of preterm infants.

Preterm birth is a risk factor for problems in interactions with others. We compared the difference in socioemotional development between hospital discharge and at six months of corrected age of infants born ≤32 weeks and assessed the impact of maternal and infantile factors on socioemotional development rate within a 6 month's period. Mother-child dyads (n = 144) were assessed by the Mother-Baby Observation Protocol 0-6 months through a video microanalysis. Multivariate model was built. Neonatal, maternal and child factors were associated with interactive gaze, initiate contact, responsiveness, infantile vocalization, and thus contributed to the socioemocional development of preterm infants with their mothers.

Reproducibility assessment of an instrument for measuring the axial force of the tongue. / Avaliação da reprodutibilidade de um instrumento para medição da força axial da língua.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the reproducibility of Forling, a portable instrument for measuring axial tongue force. METHODS: Axial force of the tongue was measured in 49 individuals (30 women and 19 men) aged 18-25 years using the Forling portable instrument. Measurements were performed in three days at intervals of 7±2 days. On each day, three 7-second measurements were performed with one-minute intervals between them. The coefficient of variation, Wilcoxon paired test, and intraclass correlation coefficient were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Maximum and mean tongue force values were analyzed, and comparison between them was performed using three approaches: the mean of the three values; the mean of the two highest values; the highest value of each measurement. RESULTS: In the analysis of mean tongue force, the coefficient of variation was considered desirable and the intraclass correlation coefficient was acceptable. Significant differences were observed regarding the maximum value between the second and third days, mean of the two highest values and mean of the three values between the first and second days and the second and third days. In the analysis of maximum tongue force, the coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient were acceptable. Significant difference was found only in the comparison between the second and third days. CONCLUSION: Good reproducibility of the data obtained with the use of the Forling portable instrument was observed.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do Forling, instrumento portátil para medição da força axial da língua. MÉTODO: Foi realizada a medição da força axial da língua de 49 participantes, 30 mulheres e 19 homens, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos por meio do Forling portátil. As medições foram realizadas em três dias com intervalos de 7±2 dias. Em cada dia, foram realizadas três coletas com duração de 7 segundos e intervalos de 1 minuto. Na análise, empregou-se coeficiente de variação, teste pareado de Wilcoxon e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Foram analisados os valores de força máxima e média da língua, sendo a comparação dos valores realizada em três abordagens: utilizando-se a média dos três valores; a média dos dois maiores valores; e o maior valor de cada medição. RESULTADOS: Na análise da força média, o coeficiente de variação foi considerado desejável e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse aceitável. Houve diferenças significativas entre o máximo valor comparando o segundo e terceiro dias, entre a média dos dois maiores valores e entre a média dos três valores comparando o primeiro e segundo dias, bem como o segundo e terceiro dias. Na análise da força máxima, o coeficiente de variação e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram aceitáveis. Somente comparando o segundo e terceiro dias, foi encontrada diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se boa reprodutibilidade dos dados obtidos com o uso do Forling portátil.

Avaliação da reprodutibilidade de um instrumento para medição da força axial da língua / Reproducibility assessment of an instrument for measuring the axial force of the tongue

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do Forling, instrumento portátil para medição da força axial da língua. Método Foi realizada a medição da força axial da língua de 49 participantes, 30 mulheres e 19 homens, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos por meio do Forling portátil. As medições foram realizadas em três dias com intervalos de 7±2 dias. Em cada dia, foram realizadas três coletas com duração de 7 segundos e intervalos de 1 minuto. Na análise, empregou-se coeficiente de variação, teste pareado de Wilcoxon e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Foram analisados os valores de força máxima e média da língua, sendo a comparação dos valores realizada em três abordagens: utilizando-se a média dos três valores; a média dos dois maiores valores; e o maior valor de cada medição. Resultados Na análise da força média, o coeficiente de variação foi considerado desejável e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse aceitável. Houve diferenças significativas entre o máximo valor comparando o segundo e terceiro dias, entre a média dos dois maiores valores e entre a média dos três valores comparando o primeiro e segundo dias, bem como o segundo e terceiro dias. Na análise da força máxima, o coeficiente de variação e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram aceitáveis. Somente comparando o segundo e terceiro dias, foi encontrada diferença significativa. Conclusão Observou-se boa reprodutibilidade dos dados obtidos com o uso do Forling portátil.

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate the reproducibility of Forling, a portable instrument for measuring axial tongue force. Methods Axial force of the tongue was measured in 49 individuals (30 women and 19 men) aged 18-25 years using the Forling portable instrument. Measurements were performed in three days at intervals of 7±2 days. On each day, three 7-second measurements were performed with one-minute intervals between them. The coefficient of variation, Wilcoxon paired test, and intraclass correlation coefficient were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Maximum and mean tongue force values were analyzed, and comparison between them was performed using three approaches: the mean of the three values; the mean of the two highest values; the highest value of each measurement. Results In the analysis of mean tongue force, the coefficient of variation was considered desirable and the intraclass correlation coefficient was acceptable. Significant differences were observed regarding the maximum value between the second and third days, mean of the two highest values and mean of the three values between the first and second days and the second and third days. In the analysis of maximum tongue force, the coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient were acceptable. Significant difference was found only in the comparison between the second and third days. Conclusion Good reproducibility of the data obtained with the use of the Forling portable instrument was observed.