Effects of a Single Oral Megadose of Vitamin D3 on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in overweight and obese women with deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. METHODS: Twenty-nine overweight or obese women who had a deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D were placed into two groups according to VD3 intervention. Patients in the supplemented group received a single oral megadose of VD3 (VD3, n=14). Patients in placebo group received a single oral identical capsule without vitamin D (placebo, n = 15). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed at baseline and after 4-weeks intervention. RESULTS: Anthropometric variables (waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and body mass index) were similar between groups (p > 0.05). VD3 supplementation increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p=0.000), malondialdehyde (p=0.021) and C-reactive protein (p=0.043) in overweight and obese women. Additionally, VD3 supplementation reduced the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p=0.035), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p<0.0001) in overweight and obese women. Despite this, the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), fasting glucose (FG), and alpha-1- acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: In summary, a single oral megadose of VD3 increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels but did not improve oxidative stress and inflammation markers.

α-Tocopherol influences glycaemic control and miR-9-3 DNA methylation in overweight and obese women under an energy-restricted diet: a randomized, double-blind, exploratory, controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Excess weight is a strong risk factor for the development of dysglycaemia. It has been suggested that changes in the metabolism microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, could precede late glycaemic changes. Vitamin E in turn may exert important functions in methylation and gene expression processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of α-tocopherol on glycaemic variables and miR-9-1 and miR-9-3 promoter DNA methylation in overweight women. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, exploratory, placebo-controlled study was conducted in overweight and obese adult women (n = 44) who ingested synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopherol), natural source vitamin E (RRR-rac-α-tocopherol) or placebo capsules and were followed up for a period of 8 weeks. Supplemented groups also received dietary guidance for an energy-restricted diet. An additional group that received no supplementation and did not follow an energy-restricted diet was also followed up. The intervention effect was evaluated by DNA methylation levels (quantitative real-time PCR assay) and anthropometric and biochemical variables (fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1C, insulin, and vitamin E). RESULTS: Increased methylation levels of the miR-9-3 promoter region (P < 0.001) and reduced haemoglobin A1C (P < 0.05) were observed in the natural source vitamin E group after intervention. Increased fasting plasma glucose was observed in the synthetic vitamin E group, despite the significant reduction of anthropometric variables compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: α-Tocopherol from natural sources increased methylation levels of the miR-9-3 promoter region and reduced haemoglobin A1C in overweight women following an energy-restricted diet. These results provide novel information about the influence of vitamin E on DNA methylation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02922491. Registered 4 October, 2016.

Relationship between cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D status and BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in non-institutionalized elderly subjects: Cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D status and BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in non-institutionalized elderly subjects.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D status and BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in non-institutionalized elderly subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a random and representative sample of 142 elderly subjects selected by cluster and recruited from a municipal assistance program. Clinical, nutritional, biochemical and inflammatory profiles, oxidative stress and genotyping for the BsmI polymorphism were evaluated. Participants had mean age of 69.9 (7.0) years, BMI of 28.3 (4.4) kg/m(2) and 80.3% were women. The prevalence of a 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status <75nmol/L was 40.8%. A vitamin D level<75nmol/L was found to be associated with gender and fish consumption. The INSUF/DEF group [25(OH)D<75nmol/L] showed higher fasting blood glucose MDA values when compared to the SUF group [25(OH)D≥75nmol/L]; this relationship was maintained only for women in the analysis by sex. The BsmI polymorphism showed allelic frequencies in the SUF group of B 49% and b 51% and in the INSUF/DEF group B 38% and b 62%. The frequency of bb homozygosity was significantly associated with lower serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to Bb, both in the general population and in the SUF group. Among individuals with bb, the INSUF/DEF group showed higher levels of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol. Blood glucose levels and oxidative stress were increased in elderly subjects with 25(OH)D<75nmol/L. The presence of the bb genotype with adequate vitamin D status resulted in lower total and LDL cholesterol, but the benefit was lost when vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was present.

[The relationship between income and children's habitual consumption of ß-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in food]. / Relação entre renda e consumo alimentar habitual de ß-caroteno, vitamina C e vitamina E de crianças.

OBJECTIVE: Examining the relationship between family income and daily b-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E consumption amongst children in the city of João Pessoa / PB, Brazil. METHOD: One hundred and eighty-three children aged 2 to <10 years were evaluated, in a sample stratified by income level which was representative of the population of Joao Pessoa. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires addressing socio-economic, demographic, epidemiological, anthropometric and food consumption variables. The results were analysedby using R software, using descriptive (mean, median, standard-deviation, simple and relative frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression). RESULTS: Participants were predominantly male (55 %) from income classes E (up to US$ 428.64) and C (> US$ 622.31-US$ 2,682.93) and mothers who had studied for nine years or more. Regarding vitamin intake, there was low vitamin C inadequacy (8 %) and high vitamin E inadequacy (59 %), the latter being more frequent in the 4-8 year-old age group (33 % of children). There was an inverse correlation between income and energy intake (r=-0.1525, p<0.05) and between income and vitamin E consumption (r=-0.3, p<0.05). The relationship between income and maternal education (p<0.05), between income and b-carotene consumption and between income and vitamin C consumption was significantly positive (r=0.33 and r=0.28, respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that consuming vitamins having antioxidant properties was positively related to family income regarding vitamin C and b-carotene and negatively related regarding vitamin E and calories.

Relação entre renda e consumo alimentar habitual de β-caroteno, vitamina C e vitamina E de crianças / The relationship between income and children's habitual consumption of β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in food / Relación entre el ingreso y el consumo habitual de β-caroteno, vitamina C y vitamina en niños

Objetivo Analisar a relação entre renda e consumo alimentar de b-caroteno, vitamina C e vitamina E em crianças na cidade de João Pessoa, Brasil. Método Foram avaliadas 183 crianças com idade entre 2 e < 10 anos, em uma amostra representativa estratificada por níveis de renda da população de João Pessoa. O instrumento de pesquisa consistiu de questionários que abordaram aspectos sócio-econômicos, demográficos, antropométricos e de consumo alimentar. Analisou-se os resultados com o software R, por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial (correlação e regressão). Resultados Observou-se predomínio do gênero masculino (55 por cento), das classes de renda E (até U.S. $ 428,64) e C (> U.S. $ 622,31-U.S. $ 2,682.93) e de mães que estudaram nove anos ou mais. Quanto à ingestão de vitaminas, houve baixa inadequação de vitamina C (8 por cento) e inadequação elevada de vitamina E (59 por cento), sendo esta última mais freqüente na faixa etária de 4-8 anos (33 por cento das crianças). Houve uma correlação inversa entre renda familiar e consumo energético (r=-0,1525, p <0,05) e entre renda e consumo de vitamina E (r =-0,3, p <0,05). As relações entre renda e escolaridade materna (p <0,05), renda e consumo de b-caroteno e renda e consumo de vitamina C (r=0,33 e r=0,28, respectivamente, p <0,05) foram significativamente positivas. Conclusão Concluiu-se que o consumo das vitaminas antioxidantes é positivamente relacionado com a renda familiar, em relação à vitamina C e b-caroteno e negativamente em relação à vitamina E e calorias.

Objective Examining the relationship between family income and daily b-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E consumption amongst children in the city of João Pessoa / PB, Brazil. Method One hundred and eighty-three children aged 2 to <10 years were evaluated, in a sample stratified by income level which was representative of the population of Joao Pessoa. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires addressing socio-economic, demographic, epidemiological, anthropometric and food consumption variables. The results were analysedby using R software, using descriptive (mean, median, standard-deviation, simple and relative frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression). Results Participants were predominantly male (55 percent) from income classes E (up to US$ 428.64) and C (> US$ 622.31-US$ 2,682.93) and mothers who had studied for nine years or more. Regarding vitamin intake, there was low vitamin C inadequacy (8 percent) and high vitamin E inadequacy (59 percent), the latter being more frequent in the 4-8 year-old age group (33 percent of children). There was an inverse correlation between income and energy intake (r=-0.1525, p<0.05) and between income and vitamin E consumption (r=-0.3, p<0.05). The relationship between income and maternal education (p<0.05), between income and b-carotene consumption and between income and vitamin C consumption was significantly positive (r=0.33 and r=0.28, respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that consuming vitamins having antioxidant properties was positively related to family income regarding vitamin C and b-carotene and negatively related regarding vitamin E and calories.

Objetivo Analizar la relación entre el ingreso y el consumo de b-caroteno, vitamina C y vitamina E en los niños en la ciudad de Joao Pessoa, Brasil. Métodos Se evaluaron 183 niños de edades comprendidas entre 2 y <10 años en una muestra representativa estratificada por nivel de ingresos de la población de Joao Pessoa. El instrumento de la encuesta consistió en cuestionarios que abordaban el consumo socio-económico, demográfico, antropométrico y dietético. Se analizaron los resultados con el software R, a través de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial (correlación y regresión). Resultados Se observó un predominio del sexo masculino (55 por ciento) de la E espectro de ingresos (hasta 428,64 dólares EE.UU.) y C (> EE.UU. $ 622.31 y US $ 2,682.93) y las madres que tenía nueve años o más. En cuanto a la ingesta de vitaminas mostraron insuficiencia bajos de vitamina C (8 por ciento) y alto contenido de vitamina E inadecuada (59 por ciento), siendo el segundo más frecuente en el grupo de edad de 4-8 años (33 por ciento de los niños). Hubo una correlación inversa entre ingreso familiar y el consumo de energía (r=-0,1525, p <0,05) y entre los ingresos y el consumo de vitamina E (r =-0.3, p <0,05). La relación entre el ingreso y la educación materna (p <0,05), los ingresos y el consumo de b-caroteno y el ingreso y el consumo de vitamina C (r=0,33 y r=0,28, respectivamente, p<0.05) significativamente positivo. Conclusiones Se concluye que el consumo de vitaminas antioxidantes se relaciona positivamente con los ingresos familiares, en relación a la vitamina C y b-caroteno y negativamente relacionado con la vitamina E y calorías.

The importance of habitual vitamin A dietary intake on the serum retinol concentration in the elderly: a population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: The aging population is one of the main results of population demographic trends during the twentieth century and will be the hallmark of populations during this century. OBJECTIVE: To assess the habitual dietary vitamin A intake and serum retinol concentration in the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a population-based epidemiological study conducted in João Pessoa, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil, from July 2008 to January 2010, with 212 individuals from 60 to 90 years of age, from both genders. Habitual food intake, retinolemia and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as socioeconomic and anthropometric data were collected. RESULTS: The median of vitamin A intake was 1643.40 microg EAR/day (p25 = 1112.20-p75 = 2430.80). The average serum retinol concentration was 1.91 +/- 0.68 mmol/L. There was no correlation of CRP concentration with serum retinol (r = 0.061/p = 0.424), nor with the habitual dietary retinol intake (r = 0.000/p = 0.932). However, there was a direct relationship between food intake and serum retinol concentration (r = 0.173/p = 0.025). Only 3.98% (IC95% 6.88-1.08) of subjects had inadequate serum retinol concentrations 1.05 micromol/L), and 12.4% (IC95% 17.36-7.44) had inadequate vitamin A intake (< 625 microg for males and < 500 microg for females). Most individuals assessed in this study showed adequate retinolemia state and habitual dietary vitamin A intake, probably protecting them from this specific nutritional vulnerability, and no correlation between CRP concentration and serum and dietary retinol was found, possibly because these individuals had no acute inflammation and absence of chronic decompensated diseases.

Prevalência de doenças crônicas e estado nutricional em um grupo de idosos brasileiros / The prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly Brazilian people and their nutritional status / Prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y estado nutricional en un grupo de personas de edad avanzada, de Brasil

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de doenças crônicas e o estado nutricional de um grupo de idosos do município de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Método Foram avaliados 117 idosos com idades entre 60 e 89 anos atendidos nos Centros de Referência e Cidadania. O instrumento de pesquisa compreendeu um questionário e incluía variáveis sócio-demográficas, sócio-econômicas, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e antropométricas. Os resultados foram organizados com o Software SPSS, sendo apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva (média e desvio-padrão, freqüências absoluta e percentual). Resultados Em relação ao uso do tabaco e do álcool, 4,3 por cento e 9,4 por cento, respectivamente, afirmaram fazer uso destas substâncias e 56,4 por cento reportaram não praticar atividade física. Da amostra, 78,6 por cento utilizam medicamentos e 82,1 por cento afirmaram possuir alguma doença crônica não-transmissível, sendo mais freqüentes a hipertensão arterial (56,4 por cento), as dislipidemias (33,3 por cento) e o diabetes mellitus (20,5 por cento). Segundo a classificação do IMC, 46,2 por cento apresentavam sobrepeso e 40,2 por cento obesidade grau, enquanto em relação ao RCQ, 97,4 por cento foram classificados como obesos abdominais. Conclusão A prevalência de doenças crônicas foi elevada, principalmente a hipertensão arterial, com a maioria dos idosos sendo classificados como obesos abdominais, com risco muito alto para desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.

Objective Evaluating the prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly people living in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil and their nutritional status. Method 117 subjects aged 60 to 89 attending local Reference and Citizenship Centres were evaluated. The research instrument used was a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric variables and health-related behaviour. The data so collected was organised using SPSS statistical software and presented via descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, and absolute and percentage frequencies). Results 4.3 percent and 9.4 percent of the subjects admitted using tobacco and alcohol, respectively. 56.4 percent did not engage in any physical activity. As many as 78.6 percent used medications and 82.1 percent admitted to suffering from some non-transmissible chronic disease, the most frequent being hypertension (56.4 percent), dyslipidaemia (33.3 percent) and diabetes mellitus (20.5 percent). According to body mass index (BMI) classification, 46.2 percent were overweight and 40.2 percent presented degree I obesity. Regarding the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 97.4 percent of the elderly in the study. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic disease, especially hypertension, was high in the studied population. Most institutionalised elderly were classified as suffering from abdominal obesity, representing an extremely high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y el estado nutricional de grupo de personas de edad avanzad, del muncipio João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Método Se evaluaron 117 personas con edades entre 60 y 89 años, atendidos en los Centros de Referencia y Ciudadanía. Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluía variables socio-demográficas, socio-económicas, comportamientos relacionados con las salud y antropométricas. Los resultados fueron organizados con el software SPSS y se presentaron por medio de estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencias absolutas y proporcionales, medias y desviaciones). Resultados En relación con el consumo de tabaco y del alcohol, 4,3 y 9,4 por ciento respectivamente afirmaron utilizar estas sustancias y 56,4 por ciento reportaron no hacer actividad física. Del total, 78,6 por ciento utilizan medicamentos y 82,1 por ciento afirmaron tener alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible, más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial (56,4 por ciento), las dislipidemias (33,3 por ciento) y la Diabetes mellitus (20,5 por ciento). Con la clasificación del IMC, 46,2 por ciento presentaron sobrepeso y 40,2 por ciento obesidad, mientras que en relación con RCQ, 97,4 por ciento fueron clasificados como obesos abdominales. Conclusiones La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas fue elevada, principalmente la hipertensión arterial, con la mayoría de quienes la presentaron clasificados como obesos abdominales, con alto riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.

[The prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly Brazilian people and their nutritional status]. / Prevalência de doenças crônicas e estado nutricional em um grupo de idosos brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly people living in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil and their nutritional status. METHOD: 117 subjects aged 60 to 89 attending local Reference and Citizenship Centres were evaluated. The research instrument used was a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric variables and health-related behaviour. The data so collected was organised using SPSS statistical software and presented via descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, and absolute and percentage frequencies). RESULTS: 4.3% and 9.4% of the subjects admitted using tobacco and alcohol, respectively. 56.4% did not engage in any physical activity. As many as 78.6% used medications and 82.1% admitted to suffering from some non-transmissible chronic disease, the most frequent being hypertension (56.4%), dyslipidaemia (33.3%) and diabetes mellitus (20.5%). According to body mass index (BMI) classification, 46.2% were overweight and 40.2% presented degree I obesity. Regarding the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 97.4% of the elderly in the study. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic disease, especially hypertension, was high in the studied population. Most institutionalised elderly were classified as suffering from abdominal obesity, representing an extremely high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.