RESUMO
Two juvenile alpacas, 1 male and 1 female, were presented for evaluation of grade V/VI bilateral basilar systolic heart murmurs. Both animals were ultimately diagnosed with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis and a small ventricular septal defect. Transvenous balloon valvuloplasty was performed in each animal using methods described in the dog. A double balloon technique was employed in the first case, with a balloon-annulus ratio of ~1.55. For the second case, a high-pressure dilatation balloon catheter with a balloon-annulus ratio of ~1.33 was selected. Experience with both procedures indicates that balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is technically feasible in alpacas using techniques extrapolated from those used in dogs. Furthermore, accepted criteria for procedural success were fulfilled for both alpacas, with more than a 50% reduction in the echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient after intervention.
Assuntos
Valvuloplastia com Balão , Camelídeos Americanos , Doenças do Cão , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar , Animais , Valvuloplastia com Balão/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/terapia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/veterináriaRESUMO
Eight adult tigers ( Panthera tigris) underwent a complete echocardiographic examination following sedation with medetomidine, midazolam, and induction of general anesthesia using ketamine and isoflurane (phase 1). Atipamezole was used to antagonize medetomidine (phase 2) and a second echocardiographic examination was performed. Physiologic tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitations were common findings in the sample population and one tiger was excluded from final analyses due to the finding of a ventricular septal defect. Measurements and mean arterial pressure were assessed for statistically significant differences between the two examination phases as well as gender and weight. There was a statistically significant difference between interventricular septum thickness at end systole, ejection fraction, and mean arterial pressure between anesthetic phases while fractional shortening and left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole approached, but did not reach, statistical significance between phases. Weight was found to be a statistically significant predictor of stroke volume and left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole. The echocardiographic measurements obtained during this study can be used as guidelines for future examinations in adult tigers. The effects of medetomidine on these measurements and systolic function should be taken into account when performing echocardiograms and monitoring anesthetic events.
Assuntos
Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Medetomidina/antagonistas & inibidores , Tigres/fisiologia , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Animais , Feminino , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Medetomidina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Two tiger cubs (Panthera tigris) from the same litter were evaluated for suspected cardiac disease. Two cubs with a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype were diagnosed with endocardial fibroelastosis based on necropsy and histopathologic examinations. Echocardiography revealed salient anatomic and functional aspects of this cardiac disorder. This is the first report of endocardial fibroelastosis in this species.
Assuntos
Fibroelastose Endocárdica/veterinária , Tigres , Animais , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Fibroelastose Endocárdica/congênito , Fibroelastose Endocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibroelastose Endocárdica/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine if microdose contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) allows characterization of cardiac chambers in lightly sedated normal cats. ANIMALS: Seven healthy domestic cats. METHODS: Lightly sedated normal cats were imaged pre-contrast and with microdose (0.22 ml/kg of non-ionic iodinated contrast medium, 300 mg I/ml) triple-phase MDCTA in a motion restriction device. RESULTS: On pre-contrast images, the aorta (median: 52.43 Hounsfield units [HU], range 27.35-76.74 HU) was outlined by significantly (p = 0.015) lower attenuating periaortic fat (-66.16 HU, -42.62 to -92.77 HU). On post-contrast images, median peak contrast enhancement in the right ventricle (111.77 HU, 36.09-141.60 HU) was achieved in 3.1 s (range 2.9-7.3 s), in the aorta (149.30 HU, 99.43-319.60 HU) and left atrium (180.83 HU, 88.53-266.84 HU) in 6.4 s (range 5.6-7.7 s) and in the left ventricle (147.89 HU, 57.23-245.77 HU) in 7.10 s (range 6.2-11.2 s). Significantly higher attenuation was measured between all chambers and walls, the right ventricular lumen and interventricular septum (median ratio 53.78 HU, range 0.21-83.20 HU), left ventricular lumen and left ventricular free wall (89.32 HU, 38.81-185.95 HU) and aorta and periaortic fat (190.43 HU, 143.22-425.44 HU) on post-contrast images. CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient biological contrast is available on survey CT to discriminate between the aorta and the left atrium, and microdose MDCTA provides sufficient contrast enhancement for adequate visualization of the heart chambers in normal cats.