Usefulness and description of the intestinal bypass technique in children with short bowel syndrome: report of a Mexican cohort.

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal failure, needing parenteral nutrition to maintain an energy-protein and water-electrolyte balance. At the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), the formation of two stomas is a technique used for intestinal rehabilitation, where the use of residue through the bypass technique (BT) helps to maintain gastrointestinal functionality, water-electrolyte, and nutritional stability. This study aimed to describe the technique of using intestinal residue through BT as a treatment strategy in intestinal rehabilitation and its effect on the biochemical and nutritional status of pediatric patients with SBS. METHODS: An analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized at HIMFG with SBS who underwent BT during their hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 and then followed up for 8 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 24 months; 50% were female. BT was able to reduce the inflammatory process in the liver caused by the continuous use of parenteral nutrition; enteral caloric intake increased from 25.32 kcal/kg/day to 72.94 kcal/kg/day, but it was insufficient to improve their nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: BT is a safe and effective alternative in intestinal rehabilitation in patients with SBS to stimulate trophism and intestinal functionality, allowing a progression of enteral feeding and a decrease in the hepatic inflammatory process that occurs in these patients with prolonged parenteral nutrition.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia intestinal que requiere del uso de nutrición parenteral para mantener un balance energético-proteico e hidroelectrolítico. En el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) la formación de dos estomas es una técnica empleada para la rehabilitación intestinal, donde con el aprovechamiento de residuo mediante la técnica de puenteo (TP) se ayuda a mantener la funcionalidad gastrointestinal, equilibrio hidro-electrolítico y estabilidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la técnica del aprovechamiento de residuo intestinal mediante TP como estrategia de tratamiento en la rehabilitación intestinal y su efecto en el estado bioquímico y nutricional de pacientes pediátricos con SIC. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados en el HIMFG con SIC en quienes se realizó la TP durante su estancia intrahospitalaria entre 2019 y 2020. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes en este estudio, con una edad promedio de 24 meses, y el 50% de sexo femenino. La TP logró disminuir el proceso inflamatorio hepático ocasionado por el uso continuo de nutrición parenteral; la ingesta calórica por vía enteral incrementó de 25.32 kcal/kg/día a 72.94 kcal/kg/día, pero fue insuficiente para mejorar el estado nutricional. CONCLUSIONES: La TP es una alternativa segura y efectiva en la rehabilitación intestinal en pacientes con SIC para estimular el trofismo y funcionalidad intestinal, permitiendo una progresión de la alimentación enteral y disminución del proceso inflamatorio hepático que se presentan en estos pacientes con nutrición parenteral prolongada.

Combined treatments with AZD5363, AZD8542, curcumin or resveratrol induce death of human glioblastoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT and SHH signaling pathways.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive tumor that presents vascularization, necrosis and is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Current treatments are not effective eradicating GBM, thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies against GBM. AZD5363, AZD8542, curcumin and resveratrol, are widely studied for the treatment of cancer and in the present study we explored the effects of the administration of combined treatments with AZD5363, AZD8542, curcumin or resveratrol on human GBM cells. We found that the combined treatments with AZD5363+AZD8542+Curcumin and AZD8542+Curcumin+Resveratrol inhibit the PI3K/AKT and SHH survival pathways by decreasing the activity of AKT, the reduction of the expression of SMO, pP70S6k, pS6k, GLI1, p21 and p27, and the activation of caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis. These results provide evidence that the combined treatments AZD5363+AZD8542+Curcumin and AZD8542+Curcumin+Resveratrol have the potential to be an interesting option against GBM.

The systemic administration of neural stem cells expressing an inducible and soluble form of growth arrest specific 1 inhibits mammary gland tumor growth and the formation of metastases.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Metastasis to different organs is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. The poor clinical prognosis and lack of successful treatments for metastatic breast cancer patients demand the development of new tumor-selective therapies. Thus, it is necessary to develop treatments capable of releasing therapeutic agents to both primary tumors and metastases that avoid toxic side effects in normal tissue, and neural stem cells are an attractive vehicle for tracking tumor cells and delivering anti-cancer agents. The authorspreviously demonstrated that a soluble form of growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast tumors and glioblastoma. METHODS: In this study, the authors engineered ReNcell CX (EMD Millipore, Temecula, CA, USA) neural progenitor cells to express truncated GAS1 (tGAS1) under a tetracycline/on inducible system using lentiviral vectors. RESULTS: Here the authors show that treatment with ReNcell-tGAS1 in combination with tetracycline decreased primary tumor growth and inhibited the formation of metastases in tumor-bearing mice by diminishing the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in orthotopic mammary gland tumors. Moreover, the authors observed that ReNcell-tGAS1 prolonged the survival of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the delivery of tGAS1 by ReNcell cells could be an effective adjuvant for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

Levels of Participants Satisfaction with Initial Contact and Examination Visit: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

OBJECTIVE: This study examined perceived satisfaction among Hispanic/Latino individuals who participated in a baseline examination for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a large cohort study of 16,415 adults living in four selected communities. METHOD: An estimated 22% (n= 3,584) of participants completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with staff attention, the overall experience during the study examination, and the influence of the informed consent digital video disc (DVD). RESULTS: The majority of participants who completed the questionnaire expressed overall satisfaction with the study. Most participants reported that staff were friendly, courteous and respectful and study test procedures were clearly explained. Participants who preferred to complete the interview in Spanish felt that the informed consent DVD positively influenced their ability to make an informed decision to enroll in the study. Participants who preferred to complete the interview in English tended to report that the baseline examination was longer than expected compared with participants who completed the interview in Spanish. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that culturally and linguistically trained staff and the use of the study's informed consent DVD were effective in explaining study procedures and positively influenced decisions to participate in the HCHS/SOL study. These results can inform recruitment and enrollment strategies for future participation of minority groups into longitudinal cohort studies.

Análisis de los artículos pediátricos disponibles en español en revistas de enfermería / Analysis of Spanish pediatrics papers available in the nursing journals

Resumen

Introducción: el uso del conocimiento obtenido de la investigación en la práctica de la enfermería ha mostrado un mejor cuidado de los niños. Para ello, es necesario disponer de información actual.

Objetivo: analizar cuantos artículos de enfermería pediátrica en español pueden ser consultados libremente en bibliotecas o páginas electrónicas y determinar cuáles son los temas y áreas estudiados en ellos.

Metodología: se realizó en tres etapas: 1) búsqueda exhaustiva en páginas de internet y bibliotecas digitales de las revistas de enfermería existentes. 2) Listado de revistas publicadas en lengua española accesibles con temas pediátricos. 3) Análisis de artículos seleccionados por pares de enfermeras para determinar el tema, sitio clínico de aplicación, población estudiada, área temática y valoración sobre su aplicabilidad.

Resultados: se encontraron 785 revistas de enfermería, 23 editadas en español. De las revistas en español, nueve permitían la accesibilidad a cuando menos un artículo de enero de 2005 a julio de 2009. De los 1022 artículos accesibles, 45 eran pediátricos. El tópico más frecuente fue sobre “los cuidados al paciente” 26/45, seguido de estudios sobre “procedimientos” 16/45. Los artículos muestran los conocimientos aplicados en las unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica 38/45 o neonatal 24/45. De los artículos 77 % fueron útiles a la enfermera pediatra.

Conclusiones: existen pocas revistas de enfermería pediátrica en español con artículos accesibles para la actualización. La mayoría de los artículos de enfermería pediátrica informan sobre cuidados a pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Summary

Introduction: the use of knowledge gained from research in nursing practice has shown better care of children. To do this, it is necessary to have updated information.

Objective: to analyze all articles of pediatric nursing that can be in Spanish can be freely consulted in libraries or websites. Determine which are the topics and areas studied in them.

Methodology: it was conducted in three stages: 1) Exhaustive search of web and digital libraries of nursing journals. 2) List of accessible Spanish-language published magazines with papers to of pediatric issues. 3) Analysis of the items selected by pairs of nurses to determine: the issue, implementing clinical site, studied population, topic, and assessment of their applicability.

Results: there were 785 nursing journals, of which 23 (2.9 %) were published in Spanish. Of the magazines in Spanish, nine (40 %) allowed access to at least one article form January 2005 to July 2009. Out of the 1022 papers available, 45 (4.4 %) were related to pediatric care. The most frequent topic in these articles was on “patient care” (26/45), followed by studies on “procedures” (16/45). Most of the knowledge was apllied to pediatric intensive care units (38/45) or neonatal (24/45). Among these articles 77 % (35/45) were judged very useful information for a pediatric nurse.

Conclusions: there are very few pediatric nursing journals available in Spanish with accessible, items for updating. Most pediatric nursing articles report on care to patients in intensive care units.

Oxytocin, but not vassopressin, modulates nociceptive responses in dorsal horn neurons.

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are synthesized and secreted by the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and both peptides have been implicated in the pain modulatory system. In the spinal cord, activation of OT-containing axons modulates nociceptive neuronal responses in dorsal horn neurons; however, it is not known whether the direct VPergic descending projection participates. Here, we show that both PVN electrical stimulation and topical application of OT in the vicinity of identified and recorded dorsal horn WDR selectively inhibit Adelta and C-fiber responses. In contrast, the topical administration of VP on the same neurons did not affect the nociceptive responses. In addition, the reduction in nociceptive responses caused by PVN stimulation or OT administration was blocked with a selective OT antagonist. The results suggest that the VP descending projection does not modulate the antinociceptive effects mediated by the PVN on dorsal horn neurons; instead, it is the hypothalamic-spinal OT projection that regulates nociceptive information.

La enseñanza de la informática en enfermería / The teaching of the informatic in nursing

Este estudio fue realizado en la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirao Preto, de la Universidad de Sâo Paulo y relata una experiencia sobre la enseñanza de la informática a alumnos de enfermería. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 108 alumnos matriculados en el curso "Introducción a la informática aplicada a la salud" en los años 1989-1991. Los resultados encontrados fueron favorables al contenido del curso, los alumnos de 1989 refirieron que la informática debía ser enseñada en carácter de optativo sin embargo en 1991 los alumnos revelaron una fuerte predominancia en cuanto a su obligatoriedad