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INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. OBJECTIVE: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12⯱â¯9.61). RESULTS: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEAâ¯=â¯0.079; Pâ¯=â¯.05; TLIâ¯=â¯0.967; IFCâ¯=â¯0.980; GFIâ¯=â¯0.971, and AGFIâ¯=â¯0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (αâ¯=â¯0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.
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COVID-19 , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2 , Pessoal de SaúdeRESUMO
Introducción: La pandemia mundial producida por el SARS-CoV-2 ha generado preocupación por el contagio, sobre todo en el personal de salud que está en primera línea. Objetivo: Diseñar y analizar las evidencias de validez de contenido, estructura interna y confiabilidad de una medida de preocupación por el contagio de COVID-19 en personal de salud peruano. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo y diseño instrumental. La escala se aplicó a 321 profesionales de ciencias de la salud (78 varones y 243 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 22 y los 64 (38,12 ± 9,61) an os. Resultados: Los valores del coeficiente V de Aiken fueron estadísticamente significativos. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, que indicó la existencia de un solo factor. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) confirmó un modelo satisfactorio de 6 ítems en 1 solo factor. La solución del AFC obtuvo índices de ajuste adecuados (RMSEA = 0,079; p = 0,05; TLI = 0,967; CFI = 0,980; GFI = 0,971 y AGFI = 0,931); además; mostró una buena consistencia interna según el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (a = 0,865; IC95%, 0,83-0,89). Conclusiones: La escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 es una medida breve válida y confiable que se puede utilizar para fines de investigación y función profesional.
A B S T R A C T Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. Objective: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. Material and methods: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12±9.61). Results: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; p = 0.05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). Conclusions: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.
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Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. Objective: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. Material and methods: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ± 9.61). Results: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; p = 0.05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). Conclusions: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.
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Introduction: The pandemic has caused fear, especially due to the daily disseminated news; however, there is not an instrument to measure this fear in multiple realities. Objective: To validate a scale for Latin American perception of fear and concern transmitted by the media during the pandemic. Methodology: This is an instrumental study. The survey was based on an instrument which was pre-validated in Peru and submitted to 15 experts in almost 10 countries. Subsequently, thousands of people were surveyed in 13 Latin American countries, whose answers were used for descriptive statistics for validation. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) generated two re-specifications, where four items were eliminated from the original scale. With these changes, the global goodness of fit (absolute and incremental) were satisfactory (CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.964; GFI = 0.976; AGFI = 0.949; RMSEA = 0.075 and RMR = 0.029). The first factor measures the media exaggeration (three questions); the second, the fear transmitted by the media (three questions); and the third, the fear transmitted by others different from the media (two questions). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was higher than 0.70 for the scale and its factors. Conclusion: The MED-LAT-COVID-19 scale reported a good adjustment. It has eight items in three factors, which could be measured in an isolated way, or along with other tests that assess mental health in the current pandemic context.
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INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. OBJECTIVE: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12±9.61). RESULTS: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA=0.079; p=0.05; TLI=0.967; IFC=0.980; GFI=0.971, and AGFI=0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.
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Introducción: Es importante medir en la población la percepción del impacto que han tenido las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos ante la rápida expansión del coronavirus. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de las medidas implementadas por el gobierno de Perú en materia de salud pública para frenar el avance de la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico y multicéntrico, para el cual se hizo una encuesta virtual en la que participaron más de 4000 personas de todo el país. Resultados: La gran mayoría estaban a favor que esta es una epidemia/pandemia grave (47 por ciento de acuerdo y 42 por ciento muy de acuerdo), sin embargo, solo el 22 por ciento, 21 por ciento, 17 por ciento y 46 por ciento que el país, el sector salud, los hospitales y los médicos, respectivamente, están preparados para enfrentarla. Las medidas más apoyadas en cuanto a migración fueron la aprobación del cierre de fronteras (68 por ciento muy de acuerdo) y no dejar entrar a quienes estuvieron en China u otros países con elevadas cifras de casos de coronavirus (60 por ciento muy de acuerdo). Asimismo, estuvieron de acuerdo que no deben celebrarse eventos masivos por un tiempo (69 por ciento muy de acuerdo), seguidos por quienes proponían declarar la salud pública en emergencia (61 por ciento muy de acuerdo) y el cierren de colegios y universidades por un tiempo (50 por ciento muy de acuerdo). Se encontraron muchas asociaciones estadísticas de estas percepciones, según sexo, edad o grado académico (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La población estuvo de acuerdo con la mayoría de las medidas, algunas fueron más apoyadas y estuvieron asociadas a las características socioeducativas(AU)
ABSTRACT measures taken by governments in response to the fast spread of the coronavirus. Objective: Determine the perception of the public health measures implemented by the Peruvian government to stop the spread of COVID-19. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional analytical study was conducted based on a virtual survey applied to more than 4 000 people across the country. Results: The vast majority of respondents agreed that COVID-19 is a serious epidemic / pandemic (47% in agreement and 42% very much in agreement). However, only 22%, 21%, 17% and 46% thought that the country, the health sector, the hospitals and the doctors, respectively, were prepared to face it. The most widely supported migration measures were border closure (68% very much in agreement) and denying entrance to travelers returning from China or other countries with high rates of coronavirus infection (60% very much in agreement). Respondents agreed that mass gatherings should not be held for a while (69% very much in agreement), a figure followed by those proposing to declare a public health emergency (61% very much in agreement) and the closure of colleges and universities for some time (50% very much in agreement). Many statistical associations of these perceptions were found, according to sex, age or educational level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The population supports most of the measures, those related to socioeducational characteristics receiving greater support(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , População , Epidemias , Migração Humana , COVID-19 , Governo , Percepção , Peru , Inquéritos e Questionários , EmergênciasRESUMO
Introducción: La pandemia del coronavirus ha generado que muchos estudiantes teman perder el ciclo. Objetivo: Validar una escala que mida la percepción de posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios en el Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un proceso de validación de un test que mide la percepción acerca de las posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios. La validación se realizó mediante búsqueda de literatura científica, construcción del primer bosquejo, validación del test por expertos (59 expertos: epidemiólogos, investigadores, médicos), análisis factorial exploratorio y estadístico. Resultados: Respecto a la relevancia se observa que el ítem 7 es más esencial o importante que los demás (V = 1,00; IC 95 por ciento: 0,73-0,96). El ítem 8 (M = 3,80; /= 1,152) presenta la mayor media y, la más baja, el ítem 6 (M = 3,03; DE = 1,342). La pertinencia del AFE se justifica con el índice KMO (0,85) y la prueba de Bartlett (12577,0; gl = 28; p = / 0,001) siendo aceptables y significativos. Se obtuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,899 con un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento de 0,882-0,898; indicando que la consistencia del instrumento es buena. Conclusiones: Se validó una escala de factor único que mide la percepción que tienen los estudiantes universitarios acerca de las posibles repercusiones de la pandemia del coronavirus en sus estudios. Es necesario evaluar cada realidad y el instrumento puede servir como una escala base para ello(AU)
Introduction: As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, many students are worried that they may lose their academic term. Objective: Validate a scale to measure the perception of possible academic impacts among Peruvian university students. Method: A validation process was conducted of a test measuring the perception of university students about possible academic impacts. The validation was based on a scientific bibliography search, development of a preliminary overview, validation of the test by 59 experts: epidemiologists, researchers and physicians, exploratory factor analysis, and statistical analysis. Results: In terms of relevance, item 7 was found to be more essential or important than the others (V = 1.00; CI 95 percent: 0.73-0.96). Item 8 (M = 3.80; /= 1.152) exhibits the highest mean, and item 6 the lowest (M = 3.03; SD = 1.342). AFE relevance is justified by the KMO index (0.85) and Bartlett's test (12577.0; gl = 28; p = / 0.001), both of which were found to be acceptable and significant. A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.899 was obtained, with a confidence interval of 95 percent, SD 0.882-0.898, indicating a good consistency level. Conclusions: A single factor scale was validated which measures the perception of university students about the possible impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on their studies. It is necessary to evaluate each reality, and the tool may serve as a base scale for that purpose(AU)
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Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes , Intervalos de Confiança , Infecções por CoronavirusRESUMO
La pandemia originó muchos cambios debido al distanciamiento social, uno de ellos es en cuanto a las clases virtuales universitarias. Por esto, el objetivo fue validar un instrumento que mida la percepción de los efectos del COVID-19 sobre la educación a distancia en estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias de la salud y otras carreras en el Perú. Se realizó un estudio instrumental y transversal. Participaron miles de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud y de otras carreras que estudiaban a distancia durante la primera ola del Coronavirus. Se diseñó y validó la encuesta sobre la percepción de que tiene de las repercusiones que causó la emergencia sanitaria sobre en la educación presencial y a distancia; además, se validó de forma exploratoria otra escala para medir la percepción de la propagación del coronavirus. El análisis arrojó alta confiabilidad y buena consistencia interna, con adecuados valores del alfa de Cronbach, para el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) se empleó la prueba de Bartlett y el coeficiente Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. Todos los ítems recibieron una evaluación favorable por parte de los expertos (V de Aiken > 0,70); esto con respecto de la relevancia, representatividad y claridad. Se identificó tres factores medios virtuales, su uso y la presencialidad, todos índices de saturación fueron superiores a 0,50. La encuesta demostró ser confiable y representativa, esto sobre todo por haber sido evaluada en estudiantes de los distintos departamentos peruanos; la cual puede servir para evaluar esto en diversas poblaciones semejantes(AU)
The pandemic caused many changes due to social distancing, one of them is in terms of virtual university classes. Therefore, the objective was to validate an instrument that measures the perception of the effects of COVID-19 on distance education in university students of health sciences and other careers in Peru. An instrumental and cross-sectional study was carried out. Thousands of distance learning students from health sciences and other careers participated during the first wave of the Coronavirus. The survey on the perception that it has of the repercussions caused by the health emergency on face-to-face and distance education was designed and validated; in addition, another scale was exploratory to measure the perception of the spread of the coronavirus. The analysis showed high reliability and good internal consistency, with adequate Cronbach's alpha values. For the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Bartlett test and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient were used. All the items received a favorable evaluation by the experts (Aiken's V> 0.70); this with respect to relevance, representativeness and clarity. Three virtual average factors were identified, their use and presence, all saturation indices were greater than 0.50. The survey proved to be reliable and representative, this above all because it was evaluated in students from the different Peruvian departments; which can be used to evaluate this in diverse similar populations(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Universidades , Educação a Distância , COVID-19 , Ensino , Pandemias , Distanciamento FísicoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Para combatir al Coronavirus se requiere saber cómo afrontarlo, saber sus características más importantes y reconocer que lo más sustancial es generar medidas higiénicas básicas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al paciente empoderado en el tema de coronavirus. Métodos: Estudio transversal-analítico, con encuesta autoaplicada de carácter multicéntrico realizado en Perú entre marzo y mayo de 2020. El "paciente empoderado" se definió mediante encuesta de diez preguntas (alpha de Cronbach: 0,83); cuatro: conocimiento básico, de la gravedad y del contagio; dos: en quienes genera más daño y cuatro: medidas de protección. Se hizo la sumatoria del total de los puntajes y se cruzó versus cuatro variables socio-educativas. Resultados: De los 4167 encuestados; la mayoría sabía las medidas para evitar el contagio: el lavado de manos y estornudar adecuadamente (ambas con 65 % de personas muy de acuerdo). En el análisis multivariado, los del nivel técnico tenían un menor empoderamiento con respecto a la enfermedad (coeficiente: 0,39; IC95%: 0,15-0,98; p=0,046); además, en comparación con los encuestados que no tenían riesgo de complicaciones, los que eran del personal de salud sin riesgo (coeficiente: 1,77; IC95%: 1,01-3,09; p= 0,045) y los del personal de salud que tenían algún riesgo (coeficiente: 4,73; IC95%: 1,46-15,31; p= 0,010), fueron los más empoderados con respecto a la enfermedad; todas estas comparaciones se ajustaron por el sexo, la edad y el lugar de encuestado. Conclusiones: El personal de salud, debido a su actividad laboral, son lo más empoderados con respecto a COVID-19 y tienen mejor conocimiento en los temas de transmisión y prevención.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The fight against coronavirus infection requires knowledge about how to cope with this disease, as well as awareness of its main characteristics and the leading role played by basic hygiene actions. Objective: Determine the factors associated to patient empowerment in the context of coronavirus infection. Methods: A multicenter analytical cross-sectional study based on a self-applied survey was conducted in Peru from March to May 2020. The "empowered patient" was defined by a 10-question survey (Cronbach's alpha: 0.83); four: basic knowledge about severity and contagion; two: who are the most harshly affected, and four: protection measures. Total scores were added together and compared with four socioeducational variables. Results: Most of the 4 167 respondents were aware of the measures required to prevent contagion: hand and respiratory hygiene (both with 65% respondents very much in agreement). Multivariate analysis revealed that people with a technical educational level were less empowered about the disease (coefficient: 0.39; CI95%: 0.15-0.98; p=0.046). Comparison between respondents under no risk for complications, the health personnel (coefficient: 1.77; CI 95%: 1.01-3.09; p=0.045) and the health personnel under some sort of risk (coefficient: 4.73; CI 95%: 1.46-15.31; p=0.010) showed that the latter were the most empowered about the disease. These comparisons were adjusted for respondent sex, age and location. Conclusions: The health personnel were found to be the most highly empowered about COVID-19, due to the job they do, and showed to have the broadest knowledge about transmission and prevention topics.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Inseguridad Laboral en su versión original de cuatro ítems en trabajadores peruanos. Material y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal e instrumental que tomó la escala de Inseguridad Laboral, para poder validarla en el contexto del COVID-19. Con una muestra de 332 trabajadores de entidades públicas y privadas se validó los elementos de forma y fondo de la escala. RESULTADOS: Se encontró V de Aiken con valores > 0,70 para los cuatros ítems. Los valores de asimetría y curtosis fueron de 24,3. Además, el AFE se justifica con un KMO (0,780) y un Bartlett (654,235; gl = 6; p < 0,001). Como resultado todos los ítems se condensaron en un solo factor. Finalmente, los valores (lambda) para el modelo unidimensional fueron significativas (ítem 1 = 0,85; ítem 2 = 0,90; ítem 3 = 0,84; ítem 4 = - 0,40). CONCLUSIONES: La escala de Inseguridad Laboral Percibida (LABOR-PE-COVID-19) es una escala valida, clara y representativa
OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychometric properties of the original four-item Occupational Insecurity Scale in Peruvian workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transversal and instrumental study that took the Work Insecurity Scale to be able to validate it in the context of the COVID-19. With a sample of 332 workers from public and private entities, the form and content of the scale was validated. RESULTS: Aiken's V was found with values > 0.70 for the four items. The values of asymmetry and kurtosis were 24.3. In addition, AFE is justified with a KMO (0.780) and a Bartlett (654,235; gl = 6; p < 0.001). As a result, all items were condensed into a single factor. Finally, the values (Lambda) for the one-dimensional model were significant (item 1 = 0.85; item 2 = 0.90; item 3 = 0.84; item 4 = - 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: The Perceived Insecurity at Work Scale (LABOR-PE-COVID-19) is a valid, clear and representative scale
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Pandemias , Emprego/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria , PeruRESUMO
Introducción: El organismo se adapta al lugar donde reside, pero este tema no ha sido estudiado en la población laboral peruana. Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones fisiológicas y antropométricas en trabajadores según su residencia en tres altitudes geográficas del Perú. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación transversal analítica, con los datos fisiológicos (6 parámetros de laboratorio) y antropométricos (peso y talla) de 7500 trabajadores en 3 altitudes diferentes: Lima (nivel del mar), Arequipa (2500 m sobre el nivel del mar) y Cerro de Pasco (4300 m sobre el nivel del mar). Estas mediciones fueron estándares, realizadas por clínicas ocupacionales con certificaciones de calidad. Se obtuvo los coeficientes y valores p para las diferencias según cada altitud y ajustados por el sexo y la edad de cada participante. Resultados: Todos los parámetros fisio-antropométricos variaron según la altitud de residencia (todos los valores p fueron menores a 0,005). Los que se incrementaron a mayor altitud fueron la hemoglobina, el colesterol total y el colesterol HDL; en cambio, disminuyeron a mayor altitud el peso y la glucosa en ayunas. En los hombres aumentaron todas las variables menos en el colesterol HDL (que disminuyó significativamente) y el colesterol LDL (que no tuvo variación estadística), en comparación con las mujeres. Conclusiones: Son evidentes las variaciones en las mediciones de los trabajadores según el lugar donde residían, lo que muestra que no se debe tomar parámetros fijos para su valoración laboral. Esto debe servir a los médicos del trabajo y las autoridades, para tener en cuenta al momento de la valoración de la aptitud médica y luego para la vigilancia ocupacional(AU)
Introduction: The human body adapts to its place of residence, but this topic has not been studied in the Peruvian working population. Objective: Determine physiological and anthropometric variations in workers due to their residence in three geographic altitudes in Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of physiological data (6 laboratory parameters) and anthropometric data (weight and height) of 7 500 workers from three different altitudes: Lima (sea level), Arequipa (2 500 m above sea level) and Cerro de Pasco (4 300 m above sea level). The measures were standard and taken by occupational clinics with quality certifications. Coefficients and p values for differences between the altitudes were obtained and adjusted according to the sex and age of participants. Results: All the physio-anthropometric parameters varied with the altitude of the place of residence (all p values were under 0.005). The parameters which increased at a higher altitude were hemoglobin, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, whereas the ones which decreased at a higher altitude were weight and fasting glucose. Among men all variables increased except for HDL cholesterol (which decreased significantly) and LDL cholesterol (which did not show any statistical variation), in comparison with women. Conclusions: Variations in measurements taken from workers from different places of residence are obvious, which shows that fixed parameters should not be used for their labor assessment. This should be taken into account by occupational doctors and authorities for medical attitude assessment and occupational surveillance(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/efeitos adversos , Altitude , Doença da Altitude/epidemiologia , Laboratórios/normas , Categorias de Trabalhadores , Peru , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Introducción: La salud mental es un tema que ha tomado gran importancia en los últimos años yse ha vuelto parte sustancial en muchos programas de formación alrededor del mundo. Objetivo:Determinar la percepción del médico residente de la asignatura de salud mental durante el último añodel residentado médico. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con una muestrade 130 estudiantes del curso de Salud mental de la residencia médica impartida por la UniversidadNacional Federico Villarreal que fueron encuestados con un formulario de 10 preguntas que buscabaconocer las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre este curso. El muestreo fue no probabilístico.Resultados: De los 130 encuestados, 57,69% eran mujeres y 13,85% eran pediatras, 57,69% realizabanuna especialidad clínica y 58,46% hacia la residencia por modalidad libre. Se hizo un análisis exploratorio:sobre la importancia del curso se encontraron diferencias con el rango de edad (p = 0,038) y modalidadde la residencia (p = 0,05). Además, con respecto a la aceptación del curso se encontraron diferenciascon el rango de edad (p = 0,021) y tipo de residencia (p = 0,053). Conclusión: Los participantes delcurso de salud mental del residentado médico tienen buena aceptación de la asignatura y se consideraimportante.
Introduction: Mental health is a topic that has taken on great importance in recent years and hasbecome a substantial part of many training programs around the world. Objective: Determine theperception of the resident doctor of the mental health subject during the last year of the medicalresidency. Methods: Observational, descriptive and transversal study with a sample of 130 students ofthe Mental Health course of the medical residency given by the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarrealwho were surveyed with a 10-question form that sought to know the students' perceptions about thiscourse. The sample was non-probabilistic. Results: Of the 130 students surveyed, 57.69% were womenand 13.85% were pediatricians, 57.69% were in a clinical specialty and 58.46% were in a residencyprogram. An exploratory analysis was made: concerning the importance of the course, differenceswith age range (p = 0.038) and residency modality (p = 0.005) were found. Besides, with respect to theacceptance of the course, differences with age range (p = 0.021) and type of residence (p = 0.053) werefound. Conclusion: The participants of the mental health course of the medical resident have goodacceptance of the subject and consider it important.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores crónicos socio-patológicos en trabajadores rurales de once poblados del Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico realizado en once poblados rurales del Perú, se tomó los datos mediante encuestas realizadas por médicos durante la consulta de atención primaria. Se consultó acerca de consumo de tabaco, alcohol, padecer enfermedad crónica, depresión o ideación suicida. RESULTADOS: Se usó encuestas de 2551 trabajadores, ajustado por el sexo y la edad se encontró que el personal de salud tenía mayores frecuencias de consumo de tabaco (RPa: 2,53; IC95%: 1,63-3,92); los obreros tenían mayor frecuencia de depresión (RPa: 1,74; IC95%: 1,22-2,47) y de los que trabajaban en minas tenían mayores frecuencias de consumo de alcohol (RPa: 2,98; IC95%: 1,94-4,58). CONCLUSIONES: Dentro de las profesiones/ocupaciones más frecuentes en zonas rurales se encontró que algunas tienen mayor relación con algunos factores de riesgo para la salud física y mental, esto debe ser evaluado y considerado como parte del programa de vigilancia ocupacional
OBJECTIVE: To determine chronic socio-pathological factors in rural workers in eleven villages in Perú. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study conducted in eleven rural towns in Perú. Data was collected through surveys conducted by physicians during the primary care consultation. Consultations were made regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption, chronic illness, depression, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Surveys of 2551 workers, adjusted for sex and age were used. Health workers were found to have higher frequencies of tobacco use (RPa: 2.53; CI95%: 1.63-3.92); workers had higher frequencies of depression (RPa: 1.74; CI95%: 1.22-2.47) and those working in mines had higher frequencies of alcohol use (RPa: 2.98; CI95%: 1.94-4.58). CONCLUSIONS: Within the most frequent professions/occupations in rural areas it was found that some have a greater relationship with some risk factors for physical and mental health, this should be evaluated and considered as part of the occupational surveillance program
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão , Alcoolismo , Tabagismo , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , PeruRESUMO
El coronavirus ha generado una suerte de "histeria colectiva" en diversas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue validar un test que mida el fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus. Se realizó un proceso de validación en cinco fases: Búsqueda de la literatura y construcción del primer borrador, juicio de fondo con 28 expertos, evaluación de forma con 280 personas, piloto para análisis factorial exploratorio en 389 personas (en ambas se contó con 17 ciudades de Perú) y confirmación de la validez del constructo final con 10 expertos. Los estadísticos de KMO (0,779) y Bartlett (572,6; gl = 21; p < 0,001) presentaron resultados aceptables y significativos. La varianza total explicada por los 7 ítems distribuidos en 2 factores es de 58,9%, lo cual es adecuado. Los análisis robustos muestran que la estructura factorial es satisfactoria (X2 = 21,161; p = 0,007; CFI = 0,984; GFI = 0,996; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,067 y RMSR = 0,033). Se generó una escala de 7 ítems para medir las medidas fatalistas que las personas podrían tener o tomar si es que llegasen a enfermarse del coronavirus
Coronavirus has generated a kind of "mass hysteria" in various populations. A validation process was generated for a test that measures fatalism in the face of the possibility of infection by the coronavirus. A validation process was carried out in five phases: literature search and construction of the first draft, substantive judgement with 28 experts, formal evaluation with 280 people, pilot for exploratory factor analysis in 389 people (in both cases there were 17 cities in Peru) and confirmation of the validity of the final construct with 10 experts. The statisticians of KMO (0.779) and Bartlett (572.6; gl = 21; p < 0.001) presented acceptable and significant results. The total variance explained by the 7 items distributed in 2 factors is 58.9%, which is adequate. Robust analyses show that the factor structure is satisfactory (X2 = 21.161; p = 0.007; IFC = 0.984; GFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.067 and RMSR = 0.033). A 7-item scale was generated to measure the fatalistic measures people might have or take if they became ill with the coronavirus
RESUMO
Introducción: En crisis sanitarias mundiales los medios de comunicación son importantes para informar sobre los temas relevantes a la población. Objetivo: Caracterizar y encontrar asociaciones de la percepción de miedo o exageración que transmiten los medios de comunicación en la pandemia del COVID-19 en ciudades del Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico y multicéntrico. Se realizó una encuesta virtual a 4009 personas, en 17 ciudades del Perú, del 15-20 de marzo del 2020. El instrumento, previamente validado, evaluó tres factores: la exageración de los medios; el miedo generado y la comunicación que provenía del personal de salud, familiares y amigos. Los coeficientes de relación y los valores p fueron calculados a través del uso de modelos lineales generalizados, con familia Gaussian y función de enlace identity. Se consideraron a los valores de p <0,05 como estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: Los participantes percibieron que las redes sociales (64 por ciento) y la televisión (57 por ciento) exageraban la información; también, los participantes manifestaron que la televisión (43 por ciento) y las redes sociales (41 por ciento) aumentaron la percepción del miedo. En cuanto a su familia/amigos, percibían que exageraban la situación (39 por ciento) y generaban miedo (25 por ciento). Al análisis multivariado, las mujeres (p<0,001), las que tuvieron secundaria completa (p=0,023), las universitarias (p=0,037) y con postgrado (p=0,002) tuvieron un menor puntaje total de miedo y percepción de exageración. Conclusiones: La percepción de exageración y generación de miedo en la población fueron en mayor medida ocasionados por la televisión y las redes sociales(AU)
Introduction: In global health crises the media is important for reporting on important issues to the population. Objective: To characterize and find associations of perceived fear or exaggeration conveyed by the media in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analytical and multicenter cross-sectional study. A virtual survey was conducted among 4009 people, in 17 cities of Peru, from March 15-20, 2020. The instrument, previously validated, evaluated three factors: the exaggeration of the media; the fear generated and the communication coming from health personnel, family members and friends. Relationship coefficients and p-values were calculated through the use of generalized linear models, with Gaussian family and identity linkage function. Values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Social networks (64 percent) and television (57 percent) were perceived by all participants as exaggerating information; also, television (43 percent) and social networks (41 percent) increased the perception of fear. As for their family/friends, they perceived that they exaggerated the situation (39 percent) and generated fear (25 percent). In the multivariate analysis, women (p<0.001), those who had completed high school (p=0.023), were university students (p=0.037) and those with a postgraduate degree (p=0.002) had a lower total score of fear and perception of exaggeration. Conclusions: The perception of exaggeration and fear generation in the population were mostly caused by television and social networks(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Medo/ética , Peru , Percepção Social , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Meios de Comunicação/éticaRESUMO
El coronavirus ha generado la última pandemia, por lo que, el conocer a esta enfermedad es importante en todas las poblaciones. Para eso se validó una escala breve para la medición de los conocimientos básicos acerca del Coronavirus (KNOW-P-COVID-19). Primero realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, luego se sistematizó y obtuvo los aspectos más importantes, luego una validación del constructo con expertos, posteriormente el análisis factorial exploratorio y se aplicó la encuesta a un gran grupo poblacional peruano. Todos los ítems recibieron una evaluación favorable de los expertos (V de Aiken > 0,70); todos los valores del límite inferior (Li) del IC 95% son apropiados (Li > 0,59) y todos los valores del coeficiente V fueron estadísticamente significativos. En el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), el Coeficiente de KMO = 0,690 y el valor p del chi cuadrado <0,001; el índice GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0,992; el CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0,916 y el indicador RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0,034. La escala final se quedó con 9 indicadores, con dos factores: "indicaciones o acciones post infección" y "los síntomas y conocimiento previos". Se validó una escala del conocimiento básico en la enfermedad causada por COVID-19
The coronavirus has generated the last pandemic, therefore, knowing this disease is important in all populations. For this, a short scale was validated to measure basic knowledge about Coronavirus (KNOW-P-COVID-19). First, it carried out a bibliographic search, then it was systematized and obtained the most important aspects, then a validation of the construct with experts, then exploratory factor analysis and the survey was applied to a large Peruvian population group. All items received a favorable evaluation from the experts (Aiken's V> 0.70); all the lower limit values (Li) of the 95% CI are appropriate (Li> 0.59) and all the values of the V coefficient were statistically significant. In the Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), the KMO Coefficient = 0.690 and the p value of the chi square <0.001; the GFI index (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.992; the CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.916 and the RMSEA indicator (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.034. The final scale was left with 9 indicators, with two factors: "indications or actions post infection" and "the previous symptoms and knowledge". A basic knowledge scale in the disease caused by COVID-19 was validated
RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado reacciones diversas, pero estas aún no han sido medidas en la población latinoamericana. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la percepción de fatalismo ante la infección del COVID-19 en pobladores de 20 departamentos del Perú. Material y Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, de tipo multicéntrico que con una muestra de 2466 personas en 20 departamentos del Perú midió el fatalismo ante la pandemia del COVID - 19 a través de una encuesta validada (Alpha Crombach: 0,78) que consistía en 7 ítems. El análisis estadístico fue realizado en función de cada ciudad y se consideró significativos p < 0,05. Resultados: de los 2466 encuestados, el 36 % se deprimirían, el 26 % piensa que podrían fallecer, el 17 % dice que esto es evidencia del fin del mundo y el 9 % podrían tomar una decisión fatal. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor frecuencia de 3 de las conductas fatalistas (contagiarse p=0,020; contagiar a otros p=0,004 y deprimirse p=0,020). A mayor edad hubo 5 percepciones (contagiar a otros p=0,007; complicarse p<0,001; deprimirse p<0,001, pensar que morirían p<0,001 o suicidarse p=0,014). Los que tenían un riesgo para complicación por COVID-19 tuvieron 4 percepciones (contagiar a otros p=0,024; complicarse p=0,002; pensar que morirían p<0,001 y que esto es señal del fin del mundo p=0,039). El ser agnóstico tuvo menor frecuencia de 5 percepciones, el ser ateo en 2. Conclusión: Se halló muchas ideas fatalistas entre la población ante la pandemia de coronavirus.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated diverse reactions, but these have not yet been measured in the Latin American population. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the perception of fatalism in the face of COVID-19 infection in inhabitants of 20 cities in Peru. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter study with a sample size of 2 466 people from 20 cities of Peru that measured fatalism during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted through a validated survey (Cronbach´s alpha: 0,78) consisting of 7 items. Statistical analysis was conducted in terms of each city, and p < 0,05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 2 466 respondents, 36 % were depressed, 26 % thought that they might die, 17 % say that this was evidence of the end of the world, and 9 % could make a fatal decision. Women were more likely to engage in three of the fatalistic behaviors (becoming infected, p = 0,020; infecting others, p = 0,004, and becoming depressed, p = 0,020). At an older age there were 5 perceptions (infecting others, p = 0,007; becoming complicated, p < 0,001; becoming depressed, p < 0,001, thinking they would die, p < 0,001; or committing suicide, p = 0,014). Those at risk of complications of COVID-19 had 4 perceptions (infecting others, p = 0,024; becoming complicated, p = 0,002; thinking they would die, p < 0,001; and thinking that this is a sign of the end of the world, p = 0,039). Respondents who were agnostic exhibited a lower frequency in 5 perceptions, while atheist respondents showed a lower frequency in 2 perceptions. Conclusion: Many fatalistic ideas are found among the population in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.