RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy causes impairment in growth after birth. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Six medical university centres of six towns of north, central, and south Italy. SUBJECTS: 12,987 babies (10,238 born from non-smoking mothers, 2276 from mothers smoking one to nine cigarettes a day, and 473 from mothers smoking > or = 10 cigarettes a day) entered the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in weight gain between children born to smoking mothers and those born to non-smoking mothers. Weight was measured at birth and at 3 and 6 months of age. Maternal smoking habit was derived from interview on third or fourth day after delivery. RESULTS: Compared with children born to mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy, the birth weights of children born to mothers who smoked up to nine cigarettes a day were 88 g (girls) and 107 g (boys) lower; in children born to mothers who smoked > or = 10 cigarettes a day weights were 168 g and 247 g lower. At six months of age for the first group the mean weight for girls was 9 g (95% confidence interval -47 g to 65 g) higher and for boys 64 g (-118 g to -10 g) lower than that of children born to mothers who did not smoke. The corresponding figures for the second group were 28 g (-141 g to 85 g) lower for girls and 24 g (-136 g to 88 g) lower for boys. CONCLUSIONS: The deficits of weight at birth in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy are overcome by 6 months of age. These deficits are probably not permanent when smoking habit during pregnancy is not associated with other unfavourable variables (such as lower socioeconomic class).
Assuntos
Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Aumento de Peso , Peso ao Nascer , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Paridade , Gravidez , Classe SocialAssuntos
Cefotaxima/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Cefotaxima/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Haemophilus/tratamento farmacológico , Haemophilus influenzae , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus pyogenesRESUMO
The authors describe a family, father and two sisters, suffering from spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. The disease is an autosomal dominant; genetic counseling depends on an exact diagnosis. The two sisters show some atypical features, which confirm the disease heterogeneity.
Assuntos
Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/complicações , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
The authors describe a case of recurrent meningitis in a child with a dermal sinus. All the conditions causing this severe pathology are considered, particularly those in the pediatric age. The surgical treatment of the congenital malformation gave a complete resolution of the recurrent infections.
Assuntos
Meningite/complicações , Seio Pilonidal/complicações , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Meningite/tratamento farmacológico , Seio Pilonidal/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Pilonidal/cirurgia , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Haemophilus Influenzae type B is perhaps the most important pathogen in childhood. H.I. is the most common cause of bacterial septic arthritis in children under 2 years of age in the U.S.A. We describe two cases of H.I. septic arthritis and we discuss the the treatment. The antibiotic therapy is invasive H.I. type B disease is in a period of transition. New drugs are available that offer the same therapeutic efficacy as Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol but with decreased toxicity.
