A Formulation of Trichoderma and Gliocladium to Reduce Damping-off Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Saprophytic Growth of the Pathogen in Soilless Mix.

Commercially manufactured cellulose granules (Biodac) were mixed with a sticker and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens to produce a formulation in which chlamydospores in the biomass were "activated" with dilute acid. Activation resulted in the formation of young, actively growing hyphae of the biocontrol fungi within a 2- to 3-day period under no special aseptic conditions. Activated Biodac with biomass of isolates Gl-3, Gl-21, and Gl-32 of G. virens and isolate TRI-4 of T. hamatum applied to soilless mix at a rate of 1.5% (wt/wt) reduced damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R-23) and resulted in stands comparable to that (88%) in noninfested soilless mix. Saprophytic growth of the pathogen was also reduced. The application of either of two activated Biodac formulations to provide the same amount (1.5% with 9.4 mg of biomass per g of Biodac or 0.2% with 75.0 mg of biomass per g of Biodac) reduced preemergence damping-off as well as saprophytic growth of R-23. Also, there was about a 103-fold population increase of Gl-3 and TRI-4 in the soilless mix at the time of plant harvest compared with that provided to the soilless mix at the time of formulation addition. Activated Biodac of Gl-3 also reduced the spread of R-23 in soilless mix when the pathogen was applied at specific foci rather than evenly distributed. The inhibition of pathogen spread significantly reduced the postemergence damping-off of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper seedlings.

Acanthosis nigricans.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermopathy with a distinctive appearance that facilitates its diagnosis. Although an external condition, it is associated with a wide variety of less obvious internal conditions, either benign or malignant. Insulin resistance figures prominently in its benign associations and plays a primary role in its development. The development of AN in malignant conditions remains to be explained. AN rarely requires treatment, although the underlying condition usually does.

Motorcycle-associated fatalities in Georgia, 1980-1981.

In 1980-1981, 158 motorcycle-associated fatalities occurred in Georgia, accounting for an estimated 6,113 lost years of productive life. Death ratios were highest for men 20 to 29 years of age, and motorcycle-associated fatalities occurred most frequently during summer months, on weekends, and during afternoon and evening hours. Forty-six percent of motorcycle-associated fatalities did not involve another vehicle, and head injuries alone or in combination with other injuries were responsible for death in approximately half. Helmet use, an effective measure for preventing motorcycle-associated fatalities, is required in Georgia; additional injury prevention strategies are discussed.

Fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries: an epidemiologic study.

Death certificates were used as a source of information to characterize fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries in Georgia for the period 1971-81. In this period, 202 tractor-associated fatalities occurred among residents of Georgia; 198 of these persons were males. The annual tractor-associated fatality rate for males based on the population of male farm residents was 23.6 per 100,000; rates of fatal injury increased with age for this population. Persons whose primary occupation was other than farming accounted for more than half of all tractor-associated deaths. Fatal injuries occurred throughout the year but predominantly during the planting and harvesting months. Injuries occurred throughout the day (7 a.m. to midnight), with a peak at 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. Most fatal injuries, 76 percent, resulted when tractors overturned. Fatalities were attributed to crushed chest, exsanguination, strangulation or asphyxia, drowning, and other injuries. Current safety standards for the operation of farm tractors are limited; rollover protective canopies are not required for farm owners or their family members. Descriptive epidemiologic information obtained from death certificates can be used to define injury determinants and to suggest approaches for the further study and prevention of specific types of injuries.

WAIS characteristics of non-pathological obsessive and hysteric styles.

Tested traditional clinical hypotheses about the cognitive functioning of individuals (N = 16) with an obsessive or an hysteric style in a non-pathological population using selected subtests of the WAIS. Individuals identified as having an obsessive style displayed the predicted patterns (Information and Vocabulary greater than Comprehension), while their hysteric counterparts displayed only a trend toward certain predicted patterns (Comprehension greater than Information and Vocabulary). Predicted between-group differences were significant. Higher base rates of obsessive features in a college population may account for the weaker trends within the hysteric group. Generally, the results appear to support the likelihood that nonpathological forms of the two styles display patterns of cognitive functioning similar to those of their more pathological counterparts.

Information-seeking behavior in the tactile modality.

In two experiments male undergraduate students (ns = 24 and 28) were placed in a sensory deprivation environment to assess operationally defined drive properties of statistically defined information in the tactile sensory modality. In the first experiment it was demonstrated that there is a relationship between rate of responding for tactile information and duration of sensory deprivation, and a positive linear relationship between response rate and the relative information value of tactile stimuli. In the second experiment it was observed that information satiation in the tactile modality reduces drive for visual information. These results were discussed in relation to previous studies of auditory and visual information drives and were taken to support the existence of a generalized drive for information.