RESUMO
The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of Bartonella spp. per household in cats and the risk factors for Bartonella spp. positivity in cats and their owners from Valdivia, Chile. A total of 464 cats (distributed within 324 households) and 326 humans (control group [n = 112] and cat owner [n = 214]) distributed in 262 households were sampled. From the cat owners (n = 214), 128 humans were in households where the cat was also sampled, totaling 84 households with dual sampling. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used for Bartonella spp. detection in blood from cats and humans, and immunofluorescent immunoassay (IFA) anti-Bartonella henselae was performed in human serum samples. Out of the total of 324 households, 20.43% presented at least one Bartonella positive cat. From the households with dual sampling, 29.7% (25/84) presented at least one qPCR-Bartonella spp. positive cat. However, Bartonella DNA was not amplified in humans, and in 7.3% (6/82) of the households was found at least one of the cat's owners exposed to B. henselae. Cats younger than one year (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.3), non-neutered (OR 3.46), sampled at home (OR 5.82), and with improper application of tick/flea control products (OR 3.13) showed a higher risk for Bartonella spp. presence. Humans with occupational exposure involving animal contact, were more likely to exhibit B. henselae seropositivity (OR 7.5). Bartonella spp. was present in the cats a moderate number of households, but Bartonella DNA was not detected in owners' blood, inferring that there is a low risk of recent human infection in the studied population.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Realizar la detección y tipificación del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en muestras de biopsias de tejido mamario con carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 57 biopsias de carcinoma ductal infiltrante, y 41 biopsias de lesiones benignas de mama de pacientes venezolanas, estas fueron evaluadas utilizando la técnica PCR-RFLP en busca de la presencia del genoma del virus de papiloma humano. El riesgo OR fue evaluado mediante análisis estadístico con el paquete SPSS 12.0. Resultados: Treinta y tres (57,9 %) de las muestras de carcinoma ductal infiltrante tuvieron un resultado positivo para virus de papiloma humano, 19 de ellas pudieron ser tipificadas como: VPH-6b 15,15 %; VPH-11 3,03 %; VPH-18 12,12 %; VPH-33 27,27 %; VPH-45 3,03 % y VPH-58 3,03 %; de este grupo el 42,4 % fueron positivas no determinadas para la presencia de ADN del virus. Seis biopsias de lesiones benignas (14,6 %), presentaron infección por virus de papiloma humano, determinándose para ellas los tipos VPH-6b 33,33 %, VPH-11 16,67%, VPH-33 16,67% y 33,33 % positivas no determinadas. Se determinó estadísticamente que la presencia de virus de papiloma humano en tejido mamario aumenta 10,77 veces la posibilidad de desarrollar carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos corroboran los resultados de otros investigadores, colocando al virus de papiloma humano como posible agente involucrado en la inmortalización de las células epiteliales de la mama.
Objective: To perform the detection and typing of human papilloma (HPV) virus in biopsy samples of breast tissue invasive ductal cancer. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 57 biopsies of invasive ductal carcinoma, and 41 biopsies of benign breast lesions of Venezuelan patients were evaluated using the PCR-RFLP technique for the presence of the human papillomavirus genome. The OR risk was evaluated by statistical analysis using SPSS package. Results: Thirty-three (57.9%) of invasive ductal carcinoma samples had a positive result for human papillomavirus, 19 of them could be classified as: HPV-6b 15.15%; HPV-11 3.03%; HPV-18 12.12%; HPV-33 27.27%; HPV-45 3.03% and HPV-58 3.03%. This group 42.4% were positive not determined for the presence of virus DNA. Six biopsies of benign lesions (14.6%) had human papillomavirus infection, determining for themselves the types HPV-6b 33.33%, 16.67% HPV-11, HPV-33 16.67% and 33.33% not determined positive. It is statistically determined that the presence of human papillomavirus in breast tissue 10.77 times increases the possibility of developing invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusions: These findings corroborate the results of other researchers, placing human papillomavirus as a possible agent involved in the immortalization of epithelial cells of the breast.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Diseñar y optimizar sistemas de reacción en cadena de polimerasa individuales y multiplex para la detección de microdeleciones de genes asociados a infertilidad masculina en el cromosoma Y. Métodos: Se estandarizaron sistemas de reacción en cadena de polimerasa multiplex utilizando oligonucleótidos STS (Sequence Target Site) específicos asociados a infertilidad masculina, con previa estandarización de cada par de oligos en reacciones individuales. Resultados: Se logró estandarizar 7 sistemas individuales y 2 sistemas multiplex de alta sensibilidad y especificidad que pueden indicar la presencia o ausencia de un gen, en este caso, son utilizados para indicar la mutación por microdeleción de algún fragmento específico de Yq que conlleva a la inactivación de un gen. Conclusiones: Se pudo realizar la estandarización de dos sistemas multiplex para el análisis de microdeleciones del cromosoma Y asociados a infertilidad masculina como una herramienta molecular para el diagnóstico rápido y preciso de esta patología. El amplificado del marcador RBM1 no pudo ser incluido en ninguna de los dos multiplex estandarizados, no obstante, se sugiere el estudio de otros marcadores de infertilidad masculina que puedan ser incluidos en la estandarización de nuevos multiplex.
Objective: To design and optimize individual systems and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of microdeletions of male infertility associated genes on the Y chromosome. Methods: multiplex polymerase chain reaction systems were standardized using oligonucleotides STS (Sequence Target Site) specific to male infertility associated with prior standardization of each pair of oligos in individual reactions. Results: It was possible to standardize 7 individual systems and two multiplex systems high sensitivity and specificity that may indicate the presence or absence of a gene, in this case, are used to indicate the mutation microdeletion of a specific fragment Yq leading to the inactivation of a gene. Conclusions: standardization could make two multiplex systems for the analysis of microdeletions of the Y chromosome associated with male infertility as a molecular tool for rapid and accurate diagnosis of this disease. The amplified RBM1 marker could not be included in either standard multiplex, despite the studies of other markers of male infertility is suggested to be included in new in the standardization of new multiplexes.
