RESUMO
Previous global estimates of the human impact on terrestrial photosynthesis products depended heavily on extrapolation from plot-scale measurements. Here, we estimated this impact with the use of recent data, many of which were collected at global and continental scales. Monte Carlo techniques that incorporate known and estimated error in our parameters provided estimates of uncertainty. We estimate that humans appropriate 10 to 55% of terrestrial photosynthesis products. This broad range reflects uncertainty in key parameters and makes it difficult to ascertain whether we are approaching crisis levels in our use of the planet's resources. Improved estimates will require high-resolution global measures within agricultural lands and tropical forests.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Ecossistema , Agricultura Florestal , Atividades Humanas , Plantas , Biomassa , Simulação por Computador , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Alimentos , Água Doce , Humanos , Método de Monte Carlo , Fotossíntese , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Plantas/metabolismo , Probabilidade , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Geyser eruption frequency is not constant over time and has been shown to vary with small (=10(-6)) strains induced by seismic events, atmospheric loading, and Earth tides. The geyser system is approximated as a permeable conduit of intensely fractured rock surrounded by a less permeable rock matrix. Numerical simulation of this conceptual model yields a set of parameters that controls geyser existence and periodicity. Much of the responsiveness to remote seismicity and other small strains in the Earth can be explained in terms of variations in permeability and lateral recharge rates.