Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia / Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) for the screening of dysphagia

Introducción: El Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) es un instrumento analógico verbal, unidimensional y autoadministrado, para el despistaje de la disfagia. Objetivos: Traducir y adaptar al español la escala EAT-10, y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas, fiabilidad y validez. Métodos: Tras la traducción, traducción inversa y aprobación por los investigadores de la versión española de la escala (EAT-10 ES), se realizó un estudio prospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de disfagia (DD), pacientes no diagnosticados con riesgo de disfagia (RD) y pacientes sin riesgo de disfagia (SRD), procedentes de tres escenarios clínicos: una unidad de soporte nutricional hospitalaria (USN), una residencia geriátrica (RG) y un centro de atención primaria (CAP), que respondieron a la EAT-10 ES durante una única visita. Pacientes e investigadores respondieron a un cuestionario de comprensión del instrumento. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 65 pacientes (75±9,1 años de edad; 52,3% mujeres). El tiempo medio de administración fue de 3,8 ± 1,7 minutos. El 95,4% de los pacientes consideró comprensibles todos los ítems de la escala y el 72,3% consideró fácil la asignación de puntuaciones. El coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach fue 0,87. La correlación entre las puntuaciones de cada ítem y el total de la escala fue elevada (p < 0,001). Las puntuaciones EAT-10 ES medias fueron 15 ± 8,9 (D), 6,7 ± 7,7 (RD) y 2 ± 3,1 (SRD), y significativamente más altas en pacientes varones, pacientes con diagnostico previo de disfagia y procedentes de la USN (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La escala EAT-10 ES ha probado su fiabilidad, validez y consistencia interna. Es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para el despistaje de la disfagia en la práctica clínica (AU)

Rationale: The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is a self-administered, analogical, direct-scoring screening tool for dysphagia. Objective: To translate and adapt the EAT-10 into Spanish, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: After the translation and back-translation process of the EAT-10 ES, a prospective study was performed in adult patients with preserved cognitive and functional abilities. Patients in 3 clinical situations, diagnosed with dysphagia (DD), patients at risk of dysphagia (RD), and patients not at risk of dysphagia (SRD) were recruited from 3 settings: a hospital Nutritional Support Unit (USN), a nursing home (RG) and primary care centre (CAP). Patients completed the EAT-10 ES during a single visit. Both patients and researchers completed a specific questionnaire regarding EAT-10 ES' comprehension. Results: 65 patients were included (age 75 ± 9.1 y), 52.3% women. Mean time of administration was 3.8 ± 1.7 minutes. 95.4% of patients considered that all tool items were comprehensible and 72.3% found it easy to assign scores. EAT-10 ES' internal consistency, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.87. A high correlation was observed between all tool items and global scores (p < 0.001). Mean score for patients in group DD was 15 ± 8.9 points, 6.7 ± 7.7 points in group RD, and 2 ± 3.1 points in group SRD. Male patients, previously diagnosed of dysphagia or patients from the NSU showed significantly higher scores on the EAT-10 ES (p < 0.001). Conclusion: EAT-10 ES has proven to be reliable, valid and to have internal consistency. Is it an easy-to-understand tool that can be completed quickly, making it useful for the screening of dysphagia in routine clinical practice (AU)

[Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) for the screening of dysphagia]. / Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia.

RATIONALE: The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is a self-administered, analogical, direct-scoring screening tool for dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the EAT-10 into Spanish, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: After the translation and back-translation process of the EAT-10 ES, a prospective study was performed in adult patients with preserved cognitive and functional abilities. Patients in 3 clinical situations, diagnosed with dysphagia (DD), patients at risk of dysphagia (RD), and patients not at risk of dysphagia (SRD) were recruited from 3 settings: a hospital Nutritional Support Unit (USN), a nursing home (RG) and primary care centre (CAP). Patients completed the EAT-10 ES during a single visit. Both patients and researchers completed a specific questionnaire regarding EAT-10 ES' comprehension. RESULTS: 65 patients were included (age 75 ± 9.1 y), 52.3% women. Mean time of administration was 3.8 ± 1.7 minutes. 95.4% of patients considered that all tool items were comprehensible and 72.3% found it easy to assign scores. EAT-10 ES' internal consistency, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.87. A high correlation was observed between all tool items and global scores (p < 0.001). Mean score for patients in group DD was 15 ± 8.9 points, 6.7 ± 7.7 points in group RD, and 2 ± 3.1 points in group SRD. Male patients, previously diagnosed of dysphagia or patients from the NSU showed significantly higher scores on the EAT-10 ES (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: EAT-10 ES has proven to be reliable, valid and to have internal consistency. Is it an easy-to-understand tool that can be completed quickly, making it useful for the screening of dysphagia in routine clinical practice.

Hipernatremia accidental en el postoperatorio de una paciente con síndrome de cushing / Accidental hypernatremia during recovery in a patient with Cushing's syndrome

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Enhanced pancreatic tumor regression by a combination of adenovirus and retrovirus-mediated delivery of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.

We have evaluated the effectiveness of combining the different characteristics of retrovirus and adenovirus to apply the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSVtk) and ganciclovir (GCV) treatment for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer. Transduction of NP-18 human pancreatic cells in culture by either the adenoviral vector (ADV/tk) or the retroviral vector (Rv/tk) followed by GCV treatment resulted in a GCV dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. A bystander effect was determined, both in NP-18 cultures and in xenogeneic cell mixtures of NP-18 and PA317 cells. Studies in vivo indicated that the effectiveness of tumor regression after HSVtk gene transfer and GCV treatment was dependent first on the tumor size at the time of viral injection and secondly, in large tumors, on the type of virus administered. The administration of the viral combination (ADV/tk + vector producer cells VPC-Rv/tk) was the best approach tested and resulted in a dramatic reduction in tumor mass after 4 days of GCV treatment which was maintained for the treatment period. Remarkably, two animals presented a complete eradication of the tumor. Thus, the HSVtk/GCV system when administered using a viral combination (ADV/tk + VPC-Rv/tk), may be a promising suicide gene therapy for pancreatic carcinomas.