[Pre-clinical study of combined aranosa, cisplatin and irinotecan in the treatment of experimental lung cancer].

Data are presented on evaluation of use of combinations of aranosa (Ar), irinotecan (I) and cisplatin (C) in treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma. The drugs were administered i.p. simultaneously, in single doses: irinotecan 20-100 mg/kg, single dose, cisplatin 2.5 3.0 mg/kg and aranosa 100-200 mg/kg, three doses. High synergism (IP, PAr, IPAr) and sufficient tolerance were reported. Efficiency of IPAr regimen was significantly higher while hematotoxity prognosis - comparable to those of IP.

Efficiency and tolerance of aranose combinations with cisplatin and gemcitabine in experimental lung cancer.

The efficiency of aranose combinations with gemcitabine and cisplatin was studied in experimental Lewis lung epidermoid carcinoma. Significant synergism of all the studied combinations and their satisfactory tolerance was demonstrated. The gemcitabine+cisplatin+aranose combination was significantly more effective than gemcitabine+cisplatin.

A multiple testing approach for hazard evaluation of complex mixtures in the aquatic environment: the use of diesel oil as a model.

Traditional single species toxicity tests and multiple component laboratory-scaled microcosm assays were combined to assess the toxicological hazard of diesel oil, a model complex mixture, to a model aquatic environment. The immediate impact of diesel oil dosed on a freshwater community was studied in a model pond microcosm over 14 days: a 7-day dosage and a 7-day recovery period. A multicomponent laboratory microcosm was designed to monitor the biological effects of diesel oil (1.0 mg litre(-1)) on four components: water, sediment (soil + microbiota), plants (aquatic macrophytes and algae), and animals (zooplanktonic and zoobenthic invertebrates). To determine the sensitivity of each part of the community to diesel oil contamination and how this model community recovered when the oil dissipated, limnological, toxicological, and microbiological variables were considered. Our model revealed these significant occurrences during the spill period: first, a community production and respiration perturbation, characterized in the water column by a decrease in dissolved oxygen and redox potential and a concomitant increase in alkalinity and conductivity; second, marked changes in microbiota of sediments that included bacterial heterotrophic dominance and a high heterotrophic index (0.6), increased bacterial productivity, and the marked increases in numbers of saprophytic bacteria (10 x) and bacterial oil degraders (1000 x); and third, column water acutely toxic (100% mortality) to two model taxa: Selenastrum capricornutum and Daphnia magna. Following the simulated clean-up procedure to remove the oil slick, the recovery period of this freshwater microcosm was characterized by a return to control values. This experimental design emphasized monitoring toxicological responses in aquatic microcosm; hence, we proposed the term 'toxicosm' to describe this approach to aquatic toxicological hazard evaluation. The toxicosm as a valuable toxicological tool for screening aquatic contaminants was demonstrated using diesel oil as a model complex mixture.

[Blastomogenic activity of biogenic methoxyindoles]. / Blastomogennaia aktivnost' biogennykh metoksiindolov.

A considerable blastogenic activity of biogenic methoxyindoles--melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MOT) and their common metabolite--5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) was established by prolonged s.c. injection in C57BL/6 mice. However, the blastogenic effect of 5-MOT decreased by 26% when its further metabolism to 5-MIAA was blocked for some time and the synthesis of its carcinogenic metabolite was inhibited. These results showed that the blastogenic effect of 5-MOT is not direct; and it is mediated by its transformation to 5-MIAA in the body.

[Carcinogenic action of 5-methoxytryptamine related to its transformation into 5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid]. / Kantserogennoe deistvie 5-metoksitriptamina, sviazannoe s ego prevrashcheniem v 5-metoksiindolil-3-uksusnuiu kisloty.

A considerable blastomogenic effect of metabolite serotonin 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MOT) subcutaneously administered for a long time to C57BL/6 mice was established. This effect was decreased noticeably if the further metabolism of 5-MOT into 5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) was blocked by pyrazidol. These results explain the fact that the blastomogenic effect of 5-MOT is not direct but is caused by the transformation of 5-MOT into its final carcinogenic metabolite 5-MIAA.

[Determination of the glucose reserves in the water of the Rybinsk reservoir]. / Opredelenie zapasov gliukozy v vode Rybinskogo vodokhranilishcha.

The concentrations of glucose (Km + Sn) was determined by the method of Parson and Strickland in the water of the Rybinsk and Sheksna Reservoirs. It varied from 11 to 31 mcg C per litre and reached 380 mcg C per litre in swamp waters. The rate of glucose assimilation by the microflora varied from 0.02 to 0.56 mcg C per litre per hour and reached 5--7 mcg C per litre per hour in contaminated waters.

[Transplacental blastomogenic effect of p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid]. / Transplatsentarnoe blastomogennoe deistvie p-oksifenilmolochnoi kisloty.

Transplacental administration of tyrosine metabolite p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid having blastomogenic activity induced development of malignant and benign neoplasms (leukemias and lymphosarcomas, adenomas and pulmonary carcinoma, hepatomas, papillomas, and cancer of the urinary bladder and other tumours) in progeny of CC57BR and C57BL mouse strains, in 88 and 78% of cases, respectively. The number of neoplasms was significantly higher, than in the control, they appeared earlier and were of more malignant character. The role of endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of leukemias in the newborn and yound children is discussed.

[Bacterial overgrowth of slides and electron microscopic grids in the surface film of water and ooze deposits]. / Obrastanie bakteriiami predmetnykh stekol i élektronno-mikroskopicheskikh setok v poverkhnostnoi plenke vody i ilovykh otlozhenii.

Distinct bacterial growth can be discerned in the surface water film on semisubmerged slides in the laboratory conditions. The thickness of growth depends on the content of organic substances in water. The growth is found also in natural brine if the content of salts is 127--230 g per litre. A great variety of aqueous bacteria is seen, by means of electron microscopy, on electron-microscopic nets submerged in the surface water layer. New bacterial forms have been found in natural brine. Many creeping bacteria cover slides at the water-ooze interface.

[Specific gravity of the dried biomass of pure bacterial cultures]. / Udel'nyi ves sukhoi biomassy chistykh kul'tur bakterii..

The weight of wet and dry biomass taken from colonies after growth on MPA was determined in pure bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas denitrificans and Brevibacterium imperiale, and the number and dimensions of bacterial cells in dry preparations of the same colonies were measured by means of membrane filters. The average specific weight of dry biomass was found to be 1.68 and 1.62. In calculating the weight of bacterial biomass in pure cultures and natural cenoses, its volume should be assayed taking into account the number and dimensions of the cells in dry preparations on membrane filters and multiplying by a coefficient 1.6.

[Development of bacteria and their activity in an aqueous surface film under experimental conditions]. / Razvitie bakterii i ikh aktivnost' v poverkhnostnoi plenke vody v éksperimental'nykh usloviiakh.

The formation and number of bacteria in the surface film of water depend on the content of organic substances in water. In flasks containing distilled water after 1-2 days, a bacterial film 5-7 mcm thick is formed at the surface; in flasks with water taken from reservoirs, the film is 5-15 mcm thick; in flasks with water containing organic substances, the film is 15-50 mcm thick. A distinct bacterial band of growth is formed on glasses semisubmerged in water in this layer. At the beginning, bacterial rodshaped cells are oriented by their side surface to the surface layer of water. Judging by the assimilation of protein labeled hydrolysate, the total activity of bacterial population in a film is much higher than in deep water layers. In the course of time, the number of bacteria changes, they begin to die off, and their species are substituted by other bacterial species. Numerous motile forms and various Caulobacterial forms are found in the surface layer of water. The dimensions of bacterial cells growing on glass are much larger than in dry preparations obtained from this film on membrane filters.

[Pure culture of bacteria using chromates and bichromates as hydrogen acceptors during development under anaerobic conditions]. / Chistaia kul'tura bakterii, ispol'zuiushchikh khromaty i bikhromaty v kachestve aktseptora vodoroda pri razvitii v anaérobnykh usloviiakh.

A pure bacterial culture utilizing chromates and bichromates as oxygen donors during growth on organic substances in anaerobic conditions was isolated from active ooze of sewage and industrial wastes containing a weak solution of chromates. A medium for growth of the bacterium was selected, and its morphological and cultural properties were studied. Chromates and bichromates are reduced only in anaerobic conditions by the bacterium or active ooze containing it, the hexavalent chromium becoming trivalent. The culture does not belong to any known species and has been therefore classed as Pseudomonas dechromaticans.

[Bacterial destruction of algal organic matter with glucose formation]. / Bakterial'noe razlozhenie organicheskogo veshchestva vodoroslei s obrazovaniem gliukozy

The increase in the number of bacteria, the rate of destruction of organic matter, and the rate of glucose assimilation with analysis according to Wright and Hobbie were determined during 205 days in two bottles containing water from the Rybinsk Reservoir; one of the bottles contained also 25 mg of dry algal cells per one litre. During this period in the control, 39% of the initial amount of the organic matter was destructed (12 mg C per litre), and 4.6% of glucose was formed from this quantity. In the experimental series, 85.6% of the initial amount of the organic matter underwent destruction (from 12.5 mg C per litre), and 48.5% of glucose was formed from this amount.

[Microbiological processes in the mromictic lake Vae de San Juan in Cuba]. / Mikrobiologicheskie protsessy v meromikticheskom oz. Vae de San Khan na Kube

The lake was studied in April and July of 1973. Gleothece prevailed in mixolimnion and green sulphur bacterium Pelodyction phaeum in the layer of pink water down to 10 m. The production of photosynthetic suphlur bacteria comprises 3% of the production of algae. Sulphate reduction takes place mainly in water beyond the layer of sulphur bacteria. The content of hydrogen sulphide in monimolimnion is 104 mg/litre. Bacteria utilize, at the account of photosynthesis, 40% of produced hydrogen sulphide. Three maxima in the bacterial content in water have been registered: (a) at a depth of 7 m; (b) in the layer of pink water, at a depth of 10 m; (c) at the bottom. Total mineralization and electroconductance of water at the bottom are higher by a factor of 6 than those at the surface. Destruction of organic substance is higher than its production a little.