RESUMO
We present a case of an adolescent patient with a penetrating gunshot wound to the mouth requiring endotracheal intubation via rapid sequence intubation in the prehospital setting. The team used video laryngoscopy (VL) to secure the airway; however, continuous bloody secretions increased the complexity of the procedure and required the application of the Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD) method to facilitate intubation. By utilizing the SALAD procedure, the field of view on the VL camera remained unobscured, and the patient's airway remained clear, allowing for an uneventful intubation procedure. No episodes of hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, or obvious clinical signs of pulmonary aspiration occurred during the procedure. The patient was transported to a local Pediatric Level I trauma center, where he underwent emergent surgery to repair an esophageal laceration and was discharged to home 40 days later. This case highlights the importance of deliberate and proactive management of the contaminated airway in the prehospital setting. The SALAD technique replaces the Yankauer suction catheter with a larger bore suction catheter in conjunction with VL to perform gross decontamination of the mouth and airway before attempting intubation. This is followed by permanently placing the large bore suction catheter under constant suction in the posterior pharynx or esophagus to keep the VL camera unobscured by vomit or blood to facilitate intubation. After the intubation, the suction catheter may be removed unless ongoing suction is required. Keeping the VL camera unobscured during the procedure may improve first-pass intubation success rate.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Mediastinite/diagnóstico , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico , beta-Lactamases/análise , Idoso , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Mediastinite/microbiologia , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Osteomielite/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Cintilografia , Recidiva , Esterno/patologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Cirurgia TorácicaRESUMO
Catch-up or compensatory growth is known as a physiological phenomenon. However, most studies of catch-up growth were based on measurements of body weight, whereas changes in longitudinal bone growth remained largely undescribed. The present study describes the dynamics of both weight and longitudinal bone growth using mikro-knemometry, during normal feeding, severe food restriction (starvation), and refeeding of 14 intact and 28 GH-deficient male rats. Starvation induced rapid weight loss (P < 0.001), and stunted leg growth (P < 0.001). Refeeding led to rapid catch-up in weight of up to 4 times above normal daily weight gain, both in intact and GH-deficient animals, whereas an equivalent compensation of lower leg growth remained undetectable. Intact and GH-deficient animals show a circaseptan spontaneous variation of growth velocity (mini growth spurts). During starvation, mini growth spurts disappear, and return to normal after refeeding with no evidence of catch-up. In GH-deficient animals, GH (1 IU/rat, administered twice daily s.c. at 10:00 hand 16:00 h) was capable of augmenting catch-up in weight and, to a lesser extent, in leg length increment.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Ósseo/fisiologia , Inanição/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Membro Posterior/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Glutamato de Sódio/toxicidadeRESUMO
Prevalence of gallstone disease in Mexico is similar to that found in some European countries. Patients from those industrialized Western countries primarily develop cholesterol gallstones; however, we do not have information related to the chemical composition of gallstones in the Mexican population. The aim of this study was to determine the physiochemical characteristics of gallstones from patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis. We analyzed gallstone specimens from 59 patients (17 male and 42 female) from five Mexican states and Mexico City by X-ray diffraction. The chemical analysis revealed that 71.2% of the patients had stones of mixed composition. We concluded that the chemical composition of gallstones found in Mexican patients is similar to that found in patients from other Western countries.