Correlation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment Index and Adiponectin, Leptin and Insulin Levels to Body Mass Index-Associated Gene Polymorphisms in Adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe correlations between glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index with regards to the presence/absence of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-y rs1801282 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as indicators of body mass index in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2016 in Toluca, Mexico. A total of 71 students between 14-18 years old were included. Various anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected, including lipid profile, glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and HOMA index. The degree of association between variables was evaluated with regards to the presence/absence of the SNPs. RESULTS: Leptin levels were significantly higher among female students (P = 0.001), although adiponectin levels did not differ significantly (P = 0.060). There were significant positive correlations between insulin levels and HOMA index with FTO (r = 0.391; P = 0.007 and r = 0.413; P = 0.005, respectively) and PPARγ (r = 0.529; P = 0.007 and r = 0.537; P = 0.007, respectively) SNPs. Leptin showed a significant positive correlation in the presence of PPARγ (r = 0.483; P = 0.007) or in the absence of both SNPs (r = 0.627; P = 0.039). However, adiponectin was significantly negatively correlated in the presence of FTO, either alone (r = -0.333; P = 0.024) or in combination with PPARγ (r = -0.616; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: The presence of FTO and/or PPARγ SNPs might be related to a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome.

Endoscopia, radiología digestiva superior convencional y doble contraste en el diagnóstico de patología del tracto digestivo superior / Conventional endoscopy barium and double contrast barium meel in diagnosis of upper got pathology

Se estudiaron 430 pacientes que consultaron por síntomas del tracto digestivo superior. A 296 se les precticó radiología digestiva superior convencional (RDSC) y a 134 doble contraste (DC). Comparando los dos grupos entre sí, y ambos con la endoscopia, y correlacionendo esta última con los resultados de biopsia, cirugía o autopsia, podemos concluir lo siguiente: no existe diferencia entre el uso de la RDSC y el DC en las enfermedades del tracto digestivo superior (p>0,05); la radiología, seguida de la endoscopia, aporta escasos elementos diagnósticos nuevos a los obtenidos por esta última; la radiología no es un requisito previo que complemente el examen endoscópico, cuando éste es realizado por un endoscopista bien entrenado. La endoscopia es fundamental en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades del esófago, estómago y duodeno (p<0,001). Finalmente, podemos decir que la escogencia de cualquiera de los dos procedimientos diagnóstico debe estar basada en múltiples consideraciones, incluyendo la exactitud diagnóstica, utilidad clínica, respuesta a los tratamientos indicados, existencia de examinadores debidamente entrenados, la inocuidad del estudio, los costos y la aceptación de éstos por parte de los interesados