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1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 912, 2024 Sep 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39227756

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Risk scores facilitate the assessment of mortality risk in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite their utilities, there is a scarcity of evidence comparing the various RS simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate and compare multiple risk scores reported in the literature for predicting 30-day mortality in adult patients with CAP. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on patients diagnosed with CAP was conducted across two hospitals in Colombia. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-curves) were calculated for the outcome of survival or death at 30 days using the scores obtained for each of the analyzed questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 7454 potentially eligible patients were included, with 4350 in the final analysis, of whom 15.2% (662/4350) died within 30 days. The average age was 65.4 years (SD: 21.31), and 59.5% (2563/4350) were male. Chronic kidney disease was 3.7% (9.2% vs. 5.5%; p < 0.001) (OR: 1.85) higher in subjects who died compared to those who survived. Among the patients who died, 33.2% (220/662) presented septic shock compared to 7.3% (271/3688) of the patients who survived (p < 0.001). The best performances at 30 days were shown by the following scores: PSI, SMART-COP and CURB 65 scores with the areas under ROC-curves of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.8-0.85), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.83), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76), respectively. The RS with the lowest performance was SIRS with the area under ROC-curve of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.51-0.56). CONCLUSION: The PSI, SMART-COP and CURB 65, demonstrated the best diagnostic performances for predicting 30-day mortality in patients diagnosed with CAP. The burden of comorbidities and complications associated with CAP was higher in patients who died.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Curva ROC , Humanos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto , Prognóstico
2.
Vertex ; 34(162): 106-113, 2024 01 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38197620

RESUMO

According to the latest report from the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization, COVID-19 currently presents a morbidity of 29.6 % and constituted 43.6 % of deaths worldwide. Although mortality rates have decreased considerably, many cases of patients with post-COVID sequelae have been reported around the world; in fact, more than 87 % of patients continue to experience at least one symptom two months after the onset of infection. The objective of the present review is to describe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome as a Complication of the post-acute syndrome of COVID-19 in Adults. Cases of survivors of COVID-19 have been reported who report the presence of sequelae, persisting for several months after being discharged. Data from post-acute COVID-19 patient reports and early observational studies suggest a syndrome similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, a chronic, multisystem disease that has been associated with other infections. Within the general population, the prevalence of chronic fatigue ranges between 10 and 40 %, while the ME/CFS association constitutes 0.17-0.89 % and is more common in females.


De acuerdo al último reporte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, actualmente la COVID 19 presenta una morbilidad del 29,6 %  constituyó el 43,6 % de las muertes en todo el mundo. Aunque las tasas de mortalidad disminuyeron considerablemente, múltiples casos de pacientes con secuelas post-COVID se han reportado alrededor del mundo, de hecho, más del 87 % de los pacientes continúan experimentando al menos un síntoma dos meses después del inicio de la infección. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica como una Complicación del síndrome post-agudo de COVID-19 en Adultos. Se han reportado casos de sobrevivientes de COVID-19 que refieren la presencia de secuelas, persistiendo varios meses después de haber recibido el alta. Los datos provenientes de los relatos de pacientes después del cuadro agudo de COVID-19 y los primeros estudios observacionales sugieren un síndrome similar a la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica, una enfermedad de evolución crónica que afecta a múltiples sistemas y se ha asociado con otras infecciones. Dentro de la población general, la prevalencia de la fatiga crónica oscila entre el 10 y 40 %, mientras que la asociación ME/CFS constituye del 0,17-0,89 % y es más común en el sexo femenino.

3.
Diaeta (B. Aires) ; 41: 162-162, ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574805

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: el tratamiento de reemplazo renal debe acompañarse de una terapia nutricional adecuada. El cumplimiento de la misma mejora la calidad de vida y supervivencia de los pacientes y la educación alimentaria influye positivamente en su adherencia. Objetivo: describir el conocimiento y cumplimiento de las pautas dietoterápicas en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento de hemodiálisis en un hospital general de agudos, antes y después de una intervención educativa nutricional. Materiales y método: estudio pre-experimental, longitudinal, prospectivo durante los meses de mayo a agosto de 2022 en un hospital de agudos de la ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires. Se realizaron talleres de educación alimentaria y nutricional donde se abordaron temáticas en relación al consumo de sodio, potasio, fósforo y líquidos. Al inicio y al finalizar el ciclo de talleres se realizó una encuesta para conocer datos sobre la terapia nutricional realizada y conocimiento sobre el tratamiento nutricional recomendado. Fueron relevados datos bioquímicos y el peso corporal pre y post diálisis. Los datos obtenidos fueron volcados a una hoja de cálculo para su posterior procesamiento y análisis, mediante el software IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Resultados: se estudiaron un total de 27 pacientes. El grado de conocimiento previo a la realización de la intervención educativa presentó una mediana de 64,4 puntos (RIQ 50-78,5), correspondiente a un grado de conocimiento medio. Luego de la realización de la intervención educativa, el grado de conocimiento presentó una mediana de 85,7 puntos (RIQ 50-92,8), correspondiente a un grado de conocimiento óptimo; observándose un aumento estadísticamente significativo luego de la realización de los talleres (p=0,007). En cuanto al grado de cumplimiento previo a la intervención, se obtuvo una mediana de 71,4 puntos (RIQ 64,3-78,5), grado de cumplimiento óptimo. Posterior a la intervención educativa, el grado de cumplimiento se mantuvo con una mediana de 71,4 puntos (RIQ 57,1-85,7), no siendo un cambio estadísticamente significativo (p=0,726). Con respecto a los parámetros séricos relevados, se observó una reducción significativa de los parámetros séricos de potasio luego de la realización de los talleres (p=0,033), no así en el caso del fósforo (p=0,454). En relación a la ganancia de peso interdiálisis previa a la intervención, presentó una mediana de 3,7% (RIQ 2,9-4,6). Luego de la intervención, presentó una mediana de 3,8% (RIQ 2,6-4,9), no siendo un cambio estadísticamente significativo (p=0,179). Conclusión: la intervención educativa utilizada mejoró significativamente el grado de conocimiento de la terapia nutricional y los parámetros bioquímicos de potasio de los pacientes. No se observaron cambios significativos en el resto de los parámetros medidos; ni en la ganancia de peso interdialítica.


Abstract Introduction: renal replacement treatment must be accompanied by adequate nutritional therapy. Compliance with it improves the quality of life and survival of patients and food education positively influences their adherence. Objective: to describe the knowledge and compliance with dietary guidelines in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment in an acute general hospital, before and after a nutritional educational intervention. Materials and method: pre-experimental, longitudinal, prospective study during the months of May to August 2022 in an acute care hospital in the city of La Plata, Buenos Aires. Food and nutritional education workshops were held where topics related to the consumption of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and liquids were addressed. At the beginning and at the end of the workshop cycle, a survey was carried out to obtain data on the nutritional therapy carried out and knowledge about the recommended nutritional treatment. Biochemical data and body weight pre and post dialysis were collected. The data obtained were transferred to a spreadsheet for subsequent processing and analysis, using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. Results: a total of 27 patients were studied. The degree of knowledge prior to carrying out the educational intervention presented a median of 64.4 points (IQR 50-78.5), corresponding to a medium degree of knowledge. After carrying out the educational intervention, the degree of knowledge presented a median of 85.7 points (IQR 50-92.8), corresponding to an optimal degree of knowledge; observing a statistically significant increase after carrying out the workshops (p=0.007). Regarding the degree of compliance prior to the intervention, a median of 71.4 points (IQR 64.3-78.5) was obtained, an optimal degree of compliance. After the educational intervention, the degree of compliance remained with a median of 71.4 points (IQR 57.1-85.7), not being a statistically significant change (p=0.726). Regarding the serum parameters surveyed, a significant reduction in serum potassium parameters was observed after the workshops (p=0.033), but not in the case of phosphorus (p=0.454). In relation to interdialysis weight gain prior to the intervention, it presented a median of 3.7% (IQR 2.9-4.6). After the intervention, it presented a median of 3.8% (IQR 2.6-4.9), not being a statistically significant change (p=0.179). Conclusion: the educational intervention used significantly improved the level of knowledge of nutritional therapy and the biochemical potassium parameters of the patients. No significant changes were observed in the rest of the measured parameters; nor in interdialytic weight gain.

4.
Saúde Soc ; 32(1): e220605es, 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442160

RESUMO

Resumen En este artículo proponemos visibilizar las estrategias de vinculación comunitaria de trabajadores/as de salud pública relativas a la producción del cuidado en el contexto crítico de la pandemia de la covid-19, signado por la profundización de la pobreza, la restricción de los servicios de salud y las tensiones del sistema sanitario en Argentina. Con un diseño metodológico cualitativo y enfoque etnográfico, entrevistamos a trabajadoras/es de distintas disciplinas, ocupaciones y géneros que se desempeñan en centros de salud y hospitales públicos en Mar del Plata y zonas rurales circundantes, entre los meses de marzo y diciembre de 2021. A partir de sus narrativas, analizamos las dimensiones de acceso a la alimentación, medicación y terapias holísticas, las dificultades encontradas y su contribución a la producción social del cuidado en salud. Concluimos que las estrategias generadas conllevan el potencial instituyente para la reorientación de los servicios públicos de salud de acuerdo con los desafíos del derecho a la salud desde la perspectiva de género y derechos en el tránsito a la postpandemia.


Abstract In this article we propose to make visible the strategies of community engagement of public health workers related to the production of care in the critical context of the covid-19 pandemic, marked by the deepening of poverty, the restriction of health services and the tensions of the health system in Argentina. With a qualitative methodological design and ethnographic approach, we interviewed workers from different disciplines, occupations and genders, who work in health centers and public hospitals in Mar del Plata and surrounding rural areas, between the months of March and December 2021. Based on their narratives, we analyze the dimensions of access to food, medication and holistic therapies, the difficulties encountered and their contribution to the social production of health care. We conclude that the strategies generated carry the instituting potential for the reorientation of public health services in accordance with the challenges of the right to health from the perspective of gender and rights in the transition to the post-pandemic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Pública , Estratégias de Saúde , Participação Social , COVID-19 , Pessoal de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde
5.
Perspect. nutr. hum ; 21(2): [189-205], septiembre 12 de 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103623

RESUMO

Antecedentes: las tecnologías móviles pueden coadyuvar en el cambio de comportamientos alimentarios en personas con exceso de peso. Sin embargo, la evidencia con aplicaciones móviles adaptadas en el contexto latinoamericano es limitada. Objetivo: evaluar cambios antropométricos y satisfacción personal en una intervención educativa para personas con exceso de peso, la cual incluyó el uso de una aplicación móvil (NutriMetas). Materiales y métodos: estudio experimental clásico con diseño de pre-post prueba en personas con exceso de peso (IMC >25,0 y ≤34,9 kg/m2). Los participantes asistieron a sesiones de educación nutricional y registraron sus metas en la aplicación NutriMetas (grupo experimental, n=26) o en papel (grupo control, n=26). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión mixto multinivel para evaluar diferencias antropométricas (peso, IMC, circunferencia de cintura y porcentaje de grasa) entre los grupos. Resultados: el grupo experimental obtuvo una pérdida de peso promedio de 2,1±2,6 kg, en comparación con 0,7±1,6 kg para el grupo control (p=0,08). La interacción entre grupo y tiempo mostró una tendencia a la significancia en el IMC (p=0,064) y en la pérdida de peso (p=0,082), que podría ser de importancia desde el punto de vista clínico. Los atributos de apariencia, efectividad, eficiencia y facilidad de aprendizaje de NutriMetas fueron valorados favorablemente por la mayoría de los participantes. Conclusiones: el uso de NutriMetas como parte de una intervención educativa resultó ser una herramienta efectiva para los pacientes.


Background: Mobile technologies can enhance dietary changes in patients affected by overweight and obesity. Evidence of mobile applications designed and adapted to the Latin American context is, however, limited. Objective: To evaluate the use of the mobile app NutriMetas as part of a group nutrition education intervention, including anthropometric changes, and satisfaction with the mobile application. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled study, in which all participants attended group nutrition education sessions, and recorded their goal progress with NutriMetas (experimental group, n=26) or on paper (control group, n=26). Multilevel mixed models were used to assess anthropometric changes (weight, BMI, body fat percentage and waist circumference between groups). Results: The experimental group had a mean weight-loss of 2.1±2.6 kg in comparison to 0.7±1.6 kg for the control group (p=0.08). Attributes of appearance, effectiveness, efficiency, and ease of use of NutriMetas were rated favorably by a majority of program participants. Conclusions: NutriMetas mobile application was an effective tool when used as part of the group weight loss nutrition intervention.


Assuntos
Análise de Mediação
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28539963

RESUMO

Although there is evidence of the benefits of propolis on human health, the vast majority of studies have been conducted using animal models. The present study includes the chemical characterization and clinical evaluation of the effects of the oral administration of propolis solution on the oxidative status and modulation of lipids in a human population in Talca, Chile. Chemical characterization of propolis, total phenol, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity were determined by ORAC. Identification of phenols and flavonoids in propolis was assessed by HPLC-DAD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Subjects provided informed consent form and the Bioethics Committee of the Universidad de Talca approved protocol. Eligible subjects (n = 67) were randomized in two groups: propolis (n = 35) and placebo (n = 32). All subjects were evaluated at 0 (baseline), 45, and 90 days. In the propolis group, we observed that increases in HDL-c went from 53.9 ± 11.9 to 65.8 ± 16.7 mg/dL (p < 0.001) from baseline to 90 days. Compared to placebo subjects, consumption of propolis induced a net increase in GSH levels (p < 0.0001) and a decrease (p < 0.001) in TBARS levels for the propolis group. Our findings indicate potential benefits of propolis use in human health. The use of propolis appears to have positive effects on oxidative status and improvement of HDL-c, both of which contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

7.
Investig. segur. soc. salud ; 17(1): 67-76, 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-966022

RESUMO

Objetivo: Ilustrar la metodología detrás del análisis de costo-efectividad en la práctica clínica actual. Métodos: Revisión narrativa de algunos de los principales aportes en esta área. Desarrollo: La primera parte se encarga de explicar la importancia que tienen las evaluaciones económicas (en especial, el análisis de costo-efectividad) para los sistemas de salud en el mundo y los hacedores de política pública. En la segunda parte, el artículo desglosa cada aspecto de la metodología para otorgar herramientas suficientes a la hora de construir una evaluación de este tipo. Se ofrecen diagramas de herramientas conocidas como los árboles de decisión y el modelo de Markov, para entender a fondo los resultados y poder interpretarlos de manera correcta. Se exponen las ventajas y las limitaciones de la evaluación de costo-efectividad. Conclusión: Se proveen las bases del análisis de costo-efectividad para soportar los estudios de este tipo.


Objective: To illustrate the methodology behind the cost-effectiveness analysis in clinical practice. Methods: Narrative revision of some of the main contributions in this area. Development: The first part explains the importance of economic evaluations (especially cost-effectiveness analysis) for health systems and policy makers around the world. In the second part, the methodology behind this type of analysis is broken down to facilitate the construction of an economic evaluation. Diagrams of tools, such as decision trees and Markov models, are used to help understand and interpret results in an appropriate fashion. Advantages and limitations of the cost-effectiveness analysis are explained thoroughly. Conclusion: The basis of cost-effectiveness analysis is provided to support studies of this type


Objetivo: Ilustrar a metodologia por trás da análise custo-eficácia na prática clínica atual. Métodos: Revisão narrativa de algumas das principais contribuições nesta área. Desenvolvimento: A primeira parte é responsável por explicar a importância que tem as avaliações econômicas, em especial a análise custo-eficácia para os sistemas de saúde no mundo e os formuladores de políticas públicas. Na segunda parte, o artigo separa cada aspecto da metodologia para fornecer ferramentas suficientes no momento de construir uma avaliação deste tipo. São oferecidos diagramas como ferramentas, conhecidos como árvores de decisão e o modelo de Markov, para entender a profundidade dos resultados e poder interpretá-los corretamente. São apresentadas as vantagens e limitações da avaliação de custo-eficácia. Conclusão: Provimento das bases de análise de custo-efetividade para apoiar os estudos deste tipo.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Análise de Custo-Efetividade , Política Pública , Sistemas de Saúde , Árvores de Decisões , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos e Análise de Custo , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Economia , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Métodos
8.
Buenos Aires; IUCS - Fundacion H. A. Barcelo; 1997. 19 p. graf.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1190740
9.
Buenos Aires; IUCS - Fundacion H. A. Barcelo; 1997. 19 p. graf. (63097).
Monografia em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-63097
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