Biopsia prostática transperineal con fusión de imagen ecografía- resonancia magnética. Sistema Biopsee. Experiencia inicial / Transperineal prostate biopsy with ECHO-MRI fusion. Biopsee system. Initial experience

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con el sistema estereotáctico de fusión de imagen ECO-RM para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata. Material y métodos: Entre septiembre de 2014 y enero de 2015 se realizaron 50 biopsias de próstata mediante el sistema estereotáctico de fusión de imagen ECO-RM. Las imágenes de RM multiparaméticas 3 Tesla (RM3T) se superpusieron mediante este sistema de fusión de imagen sobre las imágenes de ECO3D obtenidas con el sistema Biopsee para la localización exacta de las zonas de sospecha de cáncer de próstata. Las lesiones se clasificaron mediante el sistema Prostate Imaging Report and Data System. Resultados: Se valoraron un total de 50 pacientes, edad media de 63 años (rango 45-79), PSA medio 8 ng/ml (rango 1,9-20) y un volumen prostático medio de 52 ml (rango 12-118). Se diagnosticó cáncer de próstata en el 69% de los pacientes, neoplasia intraepitelial (PIN) en el 6% y la biopsia resultó negativa en el 24%. Un 62% de los pacientes tenía coincidencia entre la biopsia y la RM, pero un 46% presentó tumor también fuera de la lesión sospechosa. Se diagnosticaron un 46% de tumores anteriores y un 33% de tumores apicales. Un paciente presentó hematuria, otro un hematoma y un tercero retención aguda de orina. Conclusiones: La RM prostática multiparamétrica permite identificar lesiones de próstata sugestivas de cáncer. El sistema Biopsee de fusión de imagen ECO-RM permite su biopsia dirigida y aumenta el rendimiento diagnóstico, reduce los falsos negativos de las biopsias tradicionales y aumenta el diagnóstico de tumores anteriores. El acceso transperineal minimiza el riesgo de infección prostática o sepsis

Objective: The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with the stereotactic echo-MRI fusion system for diagnosing prostate cancer. Material and methods: Between September 2014 and January 2015, we performed 50 prostate biopsies using the stereotactic echo-MRI fusion system. The 3-Tesla multiparameter MR images were superimposed using this image fusion system on 3 D echo images obtained with the Biopsee system for the exact locating of areas suspected of prostate cancer. The lesions were classified using the Prostate Imaging Report and Date System. Results: We assessed a total of 50 patients, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 45−79), a mean prostate-specific antigen level of 8 ng/mL (range, 1.9−20) and a mean prostate volume of 52 mL (range, 12-118). Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 69% of the patients and intraepithelial neoplasia in 6%. The results of the biopsy were negative for 24% of the patients. The results of the biopsy and MRI were in agreement for 62% of the patients; however, 46% also had a tumour outside of the suspicious lesion. We diagnosed 46% anterior tumours and 33% apical tumours. One patient had a haematuria, another had a haematoma and a third had acute urine retention. Conclusions: Multiparametric prostatic MRI helps identify prostate lesions suggestive of cancer. The Biopsee echo-MRI fusion system provides for guided biopsy and increases the diagnostic performance, reducing the false negatives of classical biopsies and increasing the diagnosis of anterior tumours. Transperineal access minimises the risk of prostatic infection and sepsis

Transperineal prostate biopsy with ECHO-MRI fusion. Biopsee system. Initial experience. / Biopsia prostática transperineal con fusión de imagen ecografía-resonancia magnética. Sistema Biopsee. Experiencia inicial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with the stereotactic echo-MRI fusion system for diagnosing prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between September 2014 and January 2015, we performed 50 prostate biopsies using the stereotactic echo-MRI fusion system. The 3-Tesla multiparameter MR images were superimposed using this image fusion system on 3D echo images obtained with the Biopsee system for the exact locating of areas suspected of prostate cancer. The lesions were classified using the Prostate Imaging Report and Date System. RESULTS: We assessed a total of 50 patients, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 45-79), a mean prostate-specific antigen level of 8 ng/mL (range, 1.9-20) and a mean prostate volume of 52mL (range, 12-118). Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 69% of the patients and intraepithelial neoplasia in 6%. The results of the biopsy were negative for 24% of the patients. The results of the biopsy and MRI were in agreement for 62% of the patients; however, 46% also had a tumour outside of the suspicious lesion. We diagnosed 46% anterior tumours and 33% apical tumours. One patient had a haematuria, another had a haematoma and a third had acute urine retention. CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric prostatic MRI helps identify prostate lesions suggestive of cancer. The Biopsee echo-MRI fusion system provides for guided biopsy and increases the diagnostic performance, reducing the false negatives of classical biopsies and increasing the diagnosis of anterior tumours. Transperineal access minimises the risk of prostatic infection and sepsis.

[Laparoscopic promontofixation]. / Promontofijación laparoscópica. Nuestra técnica.

OBJECTIVES: The pathology of the pelvic floor, including the urinary incontinence, the anal incontinence and the genital prolapse, is very dominant, concerning approximately a third of the adult women. It is fundamental that this musculature supports a good function, because of the weakness of the pelvic floor produces urinary incontinence, cysto and rectocele, genital prolapses and sexual dysfunctions. The above mentioned pathology can be corrected by laparoscopic promontofixation, whatever the previous history of pelvic surgery, including the placing of prosthetic material. In this article we describe the above mentioned intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Preoperative care is standardized and is accompanied by antibiotic prophylaxis, preventive antithrombotic treatment and in the event of a history of pelvic surgery, a digestive preparation. Positioning of the patient must plan a 30° Trendelenbourg position. After the introduction the trocars, initial surgery comprises anterior dissection of promontory after incision of the posterior peritoneum with the patient placed beforehand in a Trendelembourg position. After that, we make interrectovaginal dissection to free the whole posterior surface of the vagina. This is followed by the installation of a posterior mesh pre-cut in an arc. After intervesical vaginal dissection, the anterior prosthesis comprising a precut polyester mesh is fixed avoiding excess traction. The end of the surgery involves careful reperitonization of all the prosthetic parts. Possible specific surgical complications are vascular and visceral wounds. RESULTS Y CONCLUSIONS: The technique allows the correction of the dysfunction of the pelvic floor and incontinence with good anatomical and functional results. Postoperative secondary haemorrhage and gastrointestinal occlusion may occur. Occurrence of an inflammatory syndrome and low back pain suggests spondylodicitis and MRI should be performed. Vaginal erosion on the prosthesis may occur after several months and seems relatively independent of the prosthetic material used.

Promontofijación laparoscópica. Nuestra técnica / Laparoscopic promontofixation

Objetivo: La patología del suelo pélvico, incluyendo la incontinencia urinaria, la incontinencia anal y el prolapso genital, es muy prevalente, afectando aproximadamente a un tercio de las mujeres adultas. Es fundamental que esta musculatura mantenga una buena función, ya que la debilidad del suelo pélvico es causa de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, cisto y rectocele, prolapsos genitales y disfunciones sexuales. Dicha patología, puede corregirse mediante promontofijación laparoscópica, que puede llevarse a cabo a pesar de antecedentes de cirugía pélvica e incluso si existe ya colocación de material protésico previo. En este artículo describimos dicha intervención. Material y métodos: La preparación operatoria está estandarizada, y se acompaña de una profilaxis antibiótica y antitrombótica, y en caso de antecedentes quirúrgicos pélvicos, de una preparación intestinal. La instalación del paciente debe ser en Trendelemburg de 30°. Después de la introducción de los trócares, el primer paso de la cirugía es la disección de la cara anterior del promontorio mediante la incisión del peritoneo posterior con el paciente bien colocado en posición de Trendelemburg para rechazar las asas intestinales y el mesocolon. A continuación, se realiza la disección interrecto-vaginal y sobre todo, la liberación de la vagina en su cara posterior para emplazar correctamente la malla posterior previamente recortada en arco. Tras la disección intervesico vaginal, la prótesis anterior, del mismo material y previamente recortada, se fija sobre la cara anterior de la vagina. El fin de la intervención comprende una reperitoneización cuidadosa de todos los elementos protésicos. Las complicaciones vasculares y viscerales intraabdominales son excepcionales. Resultados y conclusiones: La técnica permite la corrección de la disfunción del suelo pélvico, junto con la incontinencia con buenos resultados anatómicos y funcionales. En el postoperatorio, las oclusiones intestinales son la mayor complicación, pero son raras. La aparición de un síndrome inflamatorio y dolor lumbar bajo sugiere espodilodiscitis y debe realizarse una RM. La erosión vaginal de la prótesis (1,6 a 10% según las series), puede aparecer algunos meses después, pero parece relativamente independiente del material protésico utilizado (AU)

Objectives: The pathology of the pelvic flool, including the urinary incontinence, the anal incontinence and the genital prolapse, is very dominant, concerning approximately a third of the adult women. It is fundamental that this musculature supports a good function, because of the weakness of the pelvic floor produces urinary incontinence, cysto and rectocele, genital prolapses and sexual dysfunctions. The above mentioned pathology can be corrected by laparoscopic promontofixation, whatever the previous history of pelvic surgery, including the placing of prosthetic material. In this article we describe the above mentioned intervention. Material and methods: Preoperative care is standardized and is accompanied by antibiotic prophylaxis, preventive antithrombotic treatment and in the event of a history of pelvic surgery, a digestive preparation. Positioning of the patient must plan a 30° Trendelenbourg position. After the introduction the trocars, initial surgery comprises anterior dissection of promontory after incision of the posterior peritoneum with the patient placed beforehand in a Trendelembourg position. After that, we make interrectovaginal dissection to free the whole posterior surface of the vagina. This is followed by the installation of a posterior mesh pre-cut in an arc. After intervesical vaginal dissection, the anterior prosthesis comprising a precut polyester mesh is fixed avoiding excess traction. The end of the surgery involves careful reperitonization of all the prosthetic parts. Possible specific surgical complications are vascular and visceral wounds. Results y conclusions: The technique allows the correction of the dysfunction of the pelvic floor and incontinence with good anatomical and functional results. Postoperative secondary haemorrhage and gastrointestinal occlusion may ocurr. Occurrence of an inflammatory syndrome and low back pain suggests spondylodicitis and MRI should be performed. Vaginal erosion on the prosthesis may occur after several months and seems relatively independent of the prosthetic material used (AU)

[Insignificant prostate cancer. Analysis our series]. / Cancer de próstata insignificante. Análisis de nuestra serie.

The objective of this study is to analyse the specimen of radical prostatectomy of patients who had, prior to the surgery insignificant prostate cancer biopsies. The end point is demonstrate the possibility of an active surveillance as a therapeutic option for prostate cancer in selected is the possibility of an active surveillance as therapeutic for the prostate cancer, in selected individuals if we are able to find diagnostic algorisms to predict the real insignificant tumours. The selected group of patients for the study has a PSA less or equal 10, one positive core of prostatic transrectal ultrasound biopsy with a Gleason score less than 7. This group of patients is considerate as having a potential insignificant tumour. We will consider prostatectomy's specimens and the Gleason sore is less than 7 and the tumoral volume is les or equal to 5%. Of 394 patients with prostate cancer and homogeneous criterias for our study, we have selected 53 patients according to the criteria of insignificant tumour in the biopsy. Our results showed that only 22 of 53 (41.5%) patients were identified as having an insignificant prostate cancer in the RP specimens. Moreover 92.2% of this tumours were organ-confined. In conclusion we are able to say that tumours of low-risk and low tumoral volume in the biopsy, do not correlate always to insignificant tumours in PR specimens, but we have observed that the majority are organ-confined tumours. Finally, the diagnostic's algorisms dies not to predict tumours that may safely treated with active monitoring.

[Inferior caval agenesis and renal trauma]. / Agenesia de vena cava inferior y traumatismo abdominal cerrado.

We are publishing a case of sixteen years old male, with inferior caval agenesis suffering a fall, and having a serious trauma over the left renal unit. We review the recommendations of intervention in front of high grade renal trauma and we too study the existing knowledge on the literature in order to get a posible higher incidence of this kind of trauma in patients with these anomaly.

Cáncer de próstata insignificante. Análisis de nuestra serie / Insignificant prostate cancer. Analysis our series

El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de las piezas de prostatectomía radical de sujetos que a priori, en la biopsia parecen tener un cáncer de próstata insignificante. La relevancia de este tema está en la vigilancia expectante como posibilidad terapéutica para el cáncer de próstata, y que podría llevarse a cabo, en sujetos seleccionados si pudiésemos encontrar algoritmos diagnósticos para predecir los verdaderos tumores 'insignificantes'. El grupo de pacientes seleccionados para el estudio son aquéllos con PSA menor o igual a 10, en los que la biopsia de próstata ecodirigida mostró uno solo de los 10 cilindros con tumor y un Gleason menor o igual a 6.Este grupo de pacientes son considerados tumores potencialmente insignificantes, y nuestro objetivo era comprobar cuántos de ellos, realmente se comportaron como tal en la pieza de PR atendiendo a los criterios de insignificancia de: Gleason menor o igual a 6 y un volumen tumoral menor o igual al 5% en la pieza de PR. De los 394 pacientes con cáncer de próstata y criterios homogéneos para el estudio, seleccionamos los 53 que cumplían los requisitos de tumor potencialmente insignificante en la biopsia. Nuestros resultados nos llevan a que sólo 22 de los 53 (41,5%) pacientes tenían características de cáncer de próstata insignificante en la pieza de PR. Si bien es cierto, que el 92,5% eran tumores órgano-confinados. En conclusión, podemos decir, que estos tumores de bajo riesgo y baja carga tumoral en la biopsia, no siempre se corresponden con tumores insignificantes en la pieza de PR, aunque sí hemos observado que se tratará de tumores de bajo riesgo en la mayoría de los casos. Aún no existen algoritmos diagnósticos que nos permitan predecir aquéllos tumores susceptibles de un tratamiento con vigilancia expectante (AU)

The objective of this study is to analyse the specimen of radical prostatectomy of patients who had, prior to the surgery insignificant prostate cancer biopsies. The end point is demonstrate the possibility of an active surveillance as a therapeutic option for prostate cancer in selected is the possibility of an active surveillance as therapeutic for the prostate cancer, in selected individuals if we are able to find diagnostic algorisms to predict the real insignificant tumours. The selected group of patients for the study has a PSA less or equal 10, one positive core of prostatic transrectal ultrasound biopsy with a Gleason score less than 7. This group of patients is considerate as having a potential insignificant tumour. We will consider prostatectomy’s specimens and the Gleason sore is less than 7 and the tumoral volume is les or equal to 5%.Of 394 patients with prostate cancer and homogeneous criterias for our study, we have selected 53 patients according to the criteria of insignificant tumour in the biopsy. Our results showed that only 22 of 53 (41.5%) patients were identified as having an insignificant prostate cancer in the RP specimens. Moreover 92.2 % of this tumours were organ- confined. In conclusion we are able to say that tumours of low- risk and low tumoral volume in the biopsy, do not correlate always to insignificant tumours in PR specimens, but we have observed that the majority are organ- confined tumours. Finally, the diagnostic’s algorisms dies not to predict tumours that may safely treated with active monitoring (AU)

Agenesia de vena cava inferior y traumatismo abdominal cerrado / Inferior caval agenesis and renal trauma

Presentamos el caso de un varón de 16 años, con agenesia de vena cava inferior que sufre una caída, resultando de la misma un severo traumatismo de la unidad renal izquierda. Revisamos las recomendaciones de actuación frente a traumatismos de alto grado y, valoramos, si existen en pacientes con esta anomalía, factores que predispongan a aumentar la severidad de las lesiones frente a traumatismos (AU)

We are publishing a case of sixteen years old male, with inferior caval agenesis suffering a fall, and having a serious trauma over the left renal unit. We review the recommendations of intervention in front of high grade renal trauma and we too study the existing knowledge on the literature in order to get a posible higher incidence of this kind of trauma in patients with these anomaly (AU)

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo mediante cabestrillo suburetral SPARC. Análisis de nuestra experiencia / Stress urinary incontinence surgical treatment with suburethral suprapubic sparc sling

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) presenta una gran morbilidad y una elevada incidencia. Existen múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas descritas para el tratamiento de la misma, con diversos resultados. Los cabestrillos suburetrales se han establecido en los últimos años como un método simple y poco invasivo para el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. Material y Método: Analizamos retrospectivamente nuestra serie de 86 pacientes diagnosticadas de IUE, intervenidas, entre Octubre de 2001 y Diciembre de 2005, mediante un cabestrillo suburetral suprapúbico (SPARC(C)). Resultados: La media de edad es de 58,7 años (39-80). La estancia media hospitalaria es de 2,43 días (1-8) y la duración media de sonda de 1,52 días (1-10). En el 14,5% de los casos, se realizó cirugía asociada, siendo la más frecuente, la colpoperineoplastia anterior (10,7 %). Las complicaciones son poco frecuentes; perforación vesical (5,8%), RAO antes del alta (7%), ITU (15,3%), RAO crónica (3,5%). En el 3,5% de las mujeres, se realizó lisis del cabestrillo, por retención crónica. El seguimiento medio es de 10,14 meses, encontrándose un 71,4% de continencia total. Un 26,2% de las pacientes presentaron síntomas de hiperactividad de novo, con problemas de incontinencia en el 54,5% de estas. (p<0,002; OR 5.0 (IC 95% 1,75-14,28). Conclusiones: El SPARC© es un método sencillo, con un tiempo hospitalario corto y una rápida reincorporación a la vida social. Los resultados pueden ser valorados rápidamente y con una tasa elevada de éxito. La aparición de urgencia de novo es elevada y empeora los resultados funcionales. Es necesario un mayor seguimiento para valorar resultados funcionales a largo plazo

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has a high incidence and important morbidity. Multiple surgical techniques have been described to treat it, with despair results. Suburethral slings have become, in recent years, a simpler and less invasive method to treat SUI surgically. Material and method: The purpose of this paper is to review, retrospectively, 86 patients treated at our institution, from 10/01 to 12/05 of SUI, with a suprapubic suburethral sling (SPARC). Results: Medium (range) age is 58.7 (39-80), hospital stay was 2.43 d (1-8) and catheter was removed 1.52 d (1-10). 14.5% of patients underwent other vaginal surgeries at same time, most frequently anterior colpoperineoplasty (10.7%). Complications are not very frequent; bladder perforation (5.8%), acute urinary retention (7%), chronic urinary retention (3.5%) and UTI (15.3%). Sling release was performed in 3.5% of women with chronic urinary retention. Total continence was found in 71.4% of patients with 10.1 months medium follow up (1-32). De novo urge symptoms were found in 26.2% of women, with urge incontinence in 54.5% of them. (p < 0,002; OR 5.0 (IC 95% 1.75-14.28). Conclusions: Suprapubic suburethral SPARC sling is a simple method, with few complications and fast social recovery. Outcome can be measured soon, with a high continence rate. De novo urge symptoms are high and they worsen functional results. It is necessary longer follow-up to evaluate long term outcomes

Masa pélvica y anorquia bilateral / Pelvic mass and bilateral anorchia

No disponible

[Vesicoureteral reflux in spinal cord injured patients. Treatment results and statistical analysis]. / Reflujo vesicoureteral en pacientes lesionados medulares. Analisis estadistico de resultados en el tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION: VUR in spinal cord injured patients is cause of important morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to make a statistical, retrospective and descriptive study to analyze VUR treatment results, in neurogenic bladder SCI patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We study 40 patients (80 renal units) with VUR in neurogenic bladders and SCI, between March, 1990 and November, 2004. Median age is 43.05 y (9-76). 77.5% of patients are males (3.4:1). Time from injury to VUR is 24.7m (0.2-87). Median follow up is 8.23a (0.5-29). Traumatic lesions are most frequent (70%). Median bladder capacity is 244.9 ml (43-555) and median bladder compliance is 16.12 ml/cm H2O (0.3-61.6). Detrusor overactivity is found in 72.2% and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 71.8%. Initial conservative treatment is done with indwelling catheter and anticholinergics RESULTS: Complete remission was found in 57.5% of RU, descending VUR a 23.7% (66.2% previously to 42.5% after; p<0.02), and predominant in unilateral reflux. Partial response was found in 3.8%, progression in 12.5% and recidiva post CR in 10.9%. Younger patients have better remission rates (39.4 to 47.6 y; p=0.04). Urodinamycs variables don't found any significant differences in treatment results. Endoscopic treatment with bulking agents gets a good response rate (56.3%) (p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Initial conservative treatment gets a 23.7% reduction of VUR, especially in men, young and unilateral reflux patients. Anyhow, we observe some progression and recidiva. Detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia didn't influence in treatment results, but they are found in all patients with recidiva. With longer reflux evolution, we observe better responses, but also a higher recidiva rate (p=0.007). Endoscopic bulky injection techniques found out a good response rate (56.3%), also in patients with recidiva after conservative treatment.

Reflujo vesicoureteral en pacientes lesionados medulares. Analisis estadístico de resultados en el tratamiento / Vesicoureteral reflux in spinal cord injured patients. Treatment results and statistical analysis

Introducción: El RVU en pacientes con lesión medular es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo, es realizar un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y estadístico que analiza los resultados en el tratamiento del reflujo vesicoureteral, en los pacientes con vejiga neurógena establecida. Material y método: Se estudian 40 pacientes con RVU, secundario a vejiga neurógena por lesión medular, entre marzo/90 y noviembre/04. Se observa RVU en el 66,2% de las UR. La edad media es 43,05a (9-76). El 77,5% son hombres (3,4:1). La evolución desde la lesión medular hasta el diagnóstico del RVU de 24,7 meses (0,2-87m). El tiempo de seguimiento es de 8,23a (0,5- 29). Etiología traumática en el 70%. La capacidad vesical media es de 244,9 ml (43-555ml), la compliance vesical media es de 16,12 ml/cm. H20 (0,3-61,6). La hiperactividad del detrusor se aprecia en 72,2% y la disinergia vesico-esfinteriana externa en 71,8%. El tratamiento inicial es conservador con sondaje vesical y terapia anticolinérgica. Resultados: Curación completa del RVU en el 57,5%, se reduce un 23,7% (66,2% frente 42,5%, p<0,02); predominantes en reflujos unilaterales. Mejoría parcial, con reducción del grado previo en 3,8%. Progresión a grados superiores en 12,5%. Recidivas post-curación completa en 10,9% Los pacientes más jóvenes curan mejor (39,4 frente a 47,6 años, p=0,04). Al analizar las variables urodinámicas, no encontramos diferencias estadísticas. El tratamiento endoscópico consigue una curación del 56.3% (p=0,18). Conclusiones: Con el manejo conservador inicial, se consigue una reducción del reflujo vesicoureteral en el 23,7%, preferentemente en aquellos pacientes con reflujo unilateral, jóvenes (p=0,04) y varones. La presencia o ausencia de hiperactividad o disinergia, no empeora o mejora los resultados, sin embargo se asocia con recidivas. A mayor tiempo de evolución, mejores tasas de curación, pero también mayores recidivas (p=0,007). El tratamiento endoscópico con sustancias abultantes, obtiene una buena tasa de curación (56,3%), incluso en pacientes recidivados después del tratamiento conservador

Introduction: VUR in spinal cord injured patients is cause of important morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to make a statistical, retrospective and descriptive study to analyze VUR treatment results, in neurogenic bladder SCI patients. Material and method: We study 40 patients (80 renal units) with VUR in neurogenic bladders and SCI, between March, 1990 and November, 2004. Median age is 43.05 y (9-76). 77.5% of patients are males (3.4:1). Time from injury to VUR is 24.7m (0.2-87). Median follow up is 8.23a (0.5-29). Traumatic lesions are most frequent (70%). Median bladder capacity is 244.9 ml (43-555) and median bladder compliance is 16.12 ml/cm H20 (0.3-61.6). Detrusor overactivity is found in 72.2% and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 71.8%. Initial conservative treatment is done with indwelling catheter and anticholinergics Results: Complete remission was found in 57.5% of RU, descending VUR a 23.7% (66.2% previously to 42.5% after; p<0.02), and predominant in unilateral reflux. Partial response was found in 3.8%, progression in 12.5% and recidiva post CR in 10.9%. Younger patients have better remission rates (39.4 to 47.6 y; p=0.04). Urodinamycs variables don’t found any significant differences in treatment results. Endoscopic treatment with bulking agents gets a good response rate (56.3%) (p=0.18). Conclusions: Initial conservative treatment gets a 23.7% reduction of VUR, especially in men, young and unilateral reflux patients. Anyhow, we observe some progression and recidiva. Detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia didn’t influence in treatment results, but they are found in all patients with recidiva. With longer reflux evolution, we observe better responses, but also a higher recidiva rate (p=0.007). Endoscopic bulky injection techniques found out a good response rate (56.3%), also in patients with recidiva after conservative treatment

[Stress urinary incontinence surgical treatment with suburethral suprapubic SPARC sling]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo mediante cabestrillo suburetral SPARC. Análisis de nuestra experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has a high incidence and important morbidity. Multiple surgical techniques have been described to treat it, with despair results. Suburethral slings have become, in recent years, a simpler and less invasive method to treat SUI surgically. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The purpose of this paper is to review, retrospectively, 86 patients treated at our institution, from 10/01 to 12/05 of SUI, with a suprapubic suburethral sling (SPARC). RESULTS: Medium (range) age is 58.7 (39-80), hospital stay was 2.43 d (1-8) and catheter was removed 1.52 d (1-10). 14.5% of patients underwent other vaginal surgeries at same time, most frequently anterior colpoperineoplasty (10.7%). Complications are not very frequent; bladder perforation (5.8%), acute urinary retention (7%), chronic urinary retention (3.5%) and UTI (15.3%). Sling release was performed in 3.5% of women with chronic urinary retention. Total continence was found in 71.4% of patients with 10.1 months medium follow up (1-32). De novo urge symptoms were found in 26.2% of women, with urge incontinence in 54.5% of them. (p < 0.002; OR 5.0 (IC 95% 1.75-14.28). CONCLUSIONS: Suprapubic suburethral SPARC sling is a simple method, with few complications and fast social recovery. Outcome can be measured soon, with a high continence rate. De novo urge symptoms are high and they worsen functional results. It is necessary longer follow-up to evaluate long term outcomes.

[External beam radiotherapy on locally advanced prostate carcinoma following iliac staging lymphadenectomy]. / La radioterapia en el cáncer de próstata localmente avanzado tras estadiaje ganglionar con linfadenectomía.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Locally advanced prostate cancer supposes a high risk condition of post-treatment progression due to the limit situation that represents. Our purpose was to analyze prognoses factors in function of progression probability after using a treatment with external source radiotherapy on patients with this kind of tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a set of 128 patients submitted to pelvic staging limphadenectomy prior to accomplish an external radiotherapeutic treatment. We employed the Kaplan-Meier curves to study the probability of progression, logarithmic ranks test were used for detection of possible statistically significant differences and proportional risks Cox model was employed to study possible risk factors of progression (employing astro criteria). RESULTS: 5 years freedom probability from progression was of 49,93%; in spite of appreciating important differences in the groups stratified by the predictive variables used (total PSA, gleason of pathological biopsy, clinical stage and % of cores affection on biopsy), none of them reached statistical meaning, being the level of total PSA the closest to it. CONCLUSIONS: The external radiotherapeuthic treatment represents a valid alternative in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, with a tolerable index of secondaries. It must be used combined with hormonotherapy. It seems that the use of higher radiation doses, in a safer way thanks to 3D conformed radiotherapy, allows to improve the results. The most powerful clinical predictor of evolution must be the total PSA.

La radioterapia en el cáncer de próstata localmente avanzado tras estadiaje ganglionar con linfadenectomía / External beam radiotherapy on locally advanced prostate carcinoma following iliac staging lymphadenectomy

Introducción y objetivos: El cáncer de próstata localmente avanzado supone una condición de alto riesgo de progresión bioquímica post-tratamiento debido a la situación límite que representa. Nos planteamos analizar los factores pronósticos clínicos en función de la probabilidad de progresión tras emplear un tratamiento con fuente radioterapeútica externa en pacientes con este tipo de tumores. Material y métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente una serie de 128 pacientes sometidos a linfadenectomía pélvica de estadiaje como método de estadiaje previo a la realización de el tratamiento radioterápico. Empleamos las curvas de Kaplan-Meier para estudiar la probabilidad de progresión, el test de rangos logarítmicos para la demostración de posibles diferencias estadísticamente significativas y el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para estudiar los posibles factores pronósticos implicados. Resultados: La probabilidad de no progresión a 5 años ha sido del 49,93%; a pesar de apreciar diferencias importantes en los grupos estratificados por las variables predictivas empleadas (PSA total, gleason de biopsia, estadio patológico y % de cilindros afectos en biopsia), ninguna de ellas alcanzó significación estadística, siendo el nivel de PSA t el más próximo a la misma. Conclusiones: La radioterapia externa representa una alternativa válida en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localmente avanzado con un tolerable índice de secundarismos. Debe emplearse en tratamiento combinado junto a la hormonoterapia. Parece que el empleo de unas dosis más altas de radiación, posible de manera segura gracias a la radioterapia conformada 3D, permiten alcanzar una mayor eficacia. Es probable que el indicador clínico con mayores implicaciones pronósticas sea el nivel de PSA total

Introduction and objectives: Locally advanced prostate cancer supposes a high risk condition of post-treatment progression due to the limit situation that represents. Our purpose was to analyze prognoses factors in function of progression probability after using a treatment with external source radiotherapy on patients with this kind of tumors. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed a set of 128 patients submitted to pelvic staging limphadenectomy prior to accomplish an external radiotherapeutic treatment. We employed the Kaplan-Meier curves to study the probability of progression, logarithmic ranks test were used for detection of possible statistically significant differences and proportional risks Cox model was employed to study possible risk factors of progression (employing astro criteria). Results: 5 years freedom probability from progression was of 49,93%; in spite of appreciating important differences in the groups stratified by the predictive variables used (total PSA, gleason of pathological biopsy, clinical stage and % of cores affection on biopsy), none of them reached statistical meaning, being the level of total PSA the closest to it. Conclusions: The external radiotherapeuthic treatment represents a valid alternative in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, with a tolerable index of secondaries. It must be used combined with hormonotherapy. It seems that the use of higher radiation doses, in a safer way thanks to 3D conformed radiotherapy, allows to improve the results. The most powerful clinical predictor of evolution must be the total PSA

[Renal angiomyolipomatosis and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Its relationship with Bourneville syndrome]. / Angiolipomatosis renal y linfangioleiomiomatosis, su relación con la enfermedad de Bourneville.

INTRODUCTION: Renal angiomyolipomas are not very frequent in urologic activities. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease that occurs mainly in women of reproductive age. Tuberous sclerosis shows lesions to different organs, including these both entities. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyze patients treated in our center. Three most representatives cases are reported. An indexed literature review is done, in order to establish a clinical protocol to manage these kinds of patients. RESULTS: [corrected] Between 1990 and 2004, eight patients have been attended with an angiomyolipoma renal diagnostic. Five women (62%) and three men (38%). Medium age is 52,3y (29-69). In 3 of them (all women), it was also done a diagnostic of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Bourneville syndrome is not very frequent. Associated angiomyolipomas usually are multiple, bilateral, with tender to grow and require more interventions. Previous diagnostic let us prevent future complications with vigilance, selective arterial embolization and nephron-spare surgery. Tumour size and the presence of symptoms are more decisive to decide best therapy alternative. Young patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis should be advise against pregnancy and the use of preparations containing estrogens.