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Beauveria bassiana has potential for Aedes aegypti biological control. However, its efficacy depends on the strain's geographic location, host susceptibility, and virulence. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of B. bassiana strain BBPTG4 conidia in controlling Ae. aegypti adults and its detection via introns profile on exposed mosquito corpses. Morphologic characteristics among strains were highly similar. Comprehensive testing of these strains demonstrated that BBPT4 exhibited the ideal biological activity for Ae. aegypti control, with a median lethal time (TL50) of 7.5 d compared to ~3 d and ~10 d for BB01 and BB37 strains, respectively. Infected mosquitoes died after GHA and BBPTG4 exposure, and corpses were analyzed for infecting strains detection. Differences among the seven evaluated strains were determined, assessing five different insertion group I intron profiles in BBTG4, BB01, GHA, BB37, and BB02 strains. Mosquitoes infected by BBPTG4 and non-exposed (negative control) intron profiles were obtained. We detected the presence of introns in the BBPTG4 strain, which were not present in non-exposed mosquitoes. In conclusion, B. bassiana strains showed similarities in terms of their cultural and microscopic morphological characteristics and biologicals virulence level, but different intron profiles. BBPTG4 strain-infected Ae. aegypti adult corpses, showing specific amplicons, enabled us to identify B. bassiana at the strain level among infected mosquitoes. However, monitoring and detection of field-infected insects is essential for further verification.
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Aedes , Beauveria , Beauveria/genética , Beauveria/patogenicidade , Animais , Aedes/microbiologia , Íntrons/genética , Fenótipo , Genótipo , Variação Genética , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Virulência/genética , Mosquitos Vetores/microbiologiaRESUMO
Rotavirus is the main cause of acute diarrhea in children up to five years of age. In this regard, probiotics are commonly used to treat or prevent gastroenteritis including viral infections. The anti-rotavirus effect of Bifidobacterium longum and Chlorella sorokiniana, by reducing viral infectivity and improving IFN-type I response, has been previously reported. The present study aimed to study the effect of B. longum and/or C. sorokiniana on modulating the antiviral cellular immune response mediated by IFN-γ, IL-10, SOCS3, STAT1, and STAT2 genes in rotavirus-infected cells. To determine the mRNA relative expression of these genes, HT-29 cells were treated with B. longum and C. sorokiniana alone or in combination, followed by rotavirus infection. In addition, infected cells were treated with B. longum and/or C. sorokiniana. Cellular RNA was purified, used for cDNA synthesis, and amplified by qPCR. Our results demonstrated that the combination of B. longum and C. sorokiniana stimulates the antiviral cellular immune response by upregulating IFN-γ and may block pro-inflammatory cytokines by upregulating IL-10 and SOCS3. The results of our study indicated that B. longum, C. sorokiniana, or their combination improve antiviral cellular immune response and might modulate pro-inflammatory responses.
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Bifidobacterium longum , Chlorella , Interferon gama , Interleucina-10 , Probióticos , Infecções por Rotavirus , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas , Humanos , Células HT29 , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Probióticos/farmacologia , Rotavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/metabolismo , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto in vitro de la combinación deChlorella sorokiniana con Vincristina contra el crecimiento decélulas de cáncer de colon HT-29.Material y método:Chlorella sorokiniana se cultivó enmedio López-Chuken. El efecto inhibitorio de la microalga solay en combinación con Vincristina en el crecimiento tumoral seevaluó mediante la técnica de MTT, contra células de cáncerde colon humano HT-29, y se analizó mediante el softwareSynergyFinder 2.0.Resultados: El crecimiento Chlorella sorokiniana fue cons-tante al día 28 a una temperatura de 34 oC ± 3 oC. El efectoinhibitorio de Vincristina sobre células HT-29 fue del 60% apartir de 0.0037μg/mL. La inhibición por Chlorella sorokinianafue del 60% al 80% a las concentraciones de 106-108.Además, la combinación de Vincristina/Chlorella inhibió el cre-cimiento tumoral entre 70% y 90%, siendo la concentraciónmenor de Chlorella la que mostró un mejor efecto en combi-nación con Vincristina. El análisis de los resultados enSynergyFinder mostró un score de -0.708, determinando unefecto aditivo. Conclusión:Chlorella sorokiniana presenta un efecto adi-tivo en combinación con Vincristina contra la línea de cáncerde colon humano HT-29. La suplementación de C. sorokinianaen la dieta de pacientes con cáncer de colon podría mejorarsu tratamiento y por consecuencia su recuperación (AU)
Objective:To evaluate in vitro the effect of the combina-tion of Chlorella sorokiniana with vincristine on HT-29 coloncancer cells.Material and method:Chlorella sorokininana growth wasconstant on day 28 at a temperature of 34 oC ± 3 oC. Chlorellasorokiniana was cultured in López-Chuken medium. HT-29 cellsgrowth inhibition by the microalga alone or in combination withvincristine was evaluated by the colorimetric reduction MTT as-say, and analyzed using the SynergyFinder 2.0 software. Results:The inhibitory effect of Vincristine on HT-29 cellswas 60% from 0.0037μg/mL. Tumor cells growth inhibition by106 to 108 Chlorella sorokiniana cells ranged from 60% to80%. The combination of vincristine and Chlorella inhibitedtumor cells growth from 70% to 90%, being the lower con-centration of Chlorella the one that showed a better effect incombination with vincristine. The analysis of the results inSynergyFinder showed a score of -0.708, determining an ad-ditive effect.Conclusion: Chlorella sorokiniana has an additive effect incombination with vincristine against the human colon cancerline HT-29. Supplementation of C. sorokiniana in the diet ofpatients with colon cancer may improve their treatment andrecovery (AU)
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Humanos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Chlorella/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Objective: Food insecurity (FI) is a priority for government and health organizations. Over 95% of the world's population has a carious lesion or will develop one before death. This study evaluated the association between FI and oral health in two rural communities in Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: The study was conducted with patients attending an oral health campaign for dental checkups. Data were collected between April and August 2017 using the Latin-American and Caribbean Scale of Food Security (ELCSA) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). We included 209 participants from Siltepec and Huehuetan, Mexico; 67% were women. Results: The results of the ELCSA were mild FI in 43% (n = 91), moderate FI in 22% (n = 45), and severe FI (n = 6) in 3%; 32% had food security. The ICDAS results were initial decay with a mean of 6.22, moderate decay with a mean of 1.81, and extensive decay with a mean of 1.77. Conclusions: FI is associated with dental caries, and food-insecure individuals have a higher probability of severe dental caries. In this study, the FI level was lower than in other rural populations in Mexico. Identifying these individuals and addressing the factors related to FI can be useful in the rural communities.
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Hirsutella citriformis Speare is the only entomopathogenic fungus that has been applied to control the hemipteran Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. However, the use of available commercial products under field conditions is limited due to conidia's shelf life and short environmental persistence. We have previously reported the citrus psyllid D. citri adults' biocontrol potential using H. citriformis strains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different formulations based on H. citriformis (OP-Hir-3, OP-Hir-10, and OP-Hir-12 strains) conidia and gums as additives to improve D. citri adults' biocontrol, under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions, using Hirsutella gums as conidia stabilizers to improve their viability under environmental drought conditions and as insecticide. Laboratory bioassay results showed that the highest (p < 0.05) D. citri mortality was achieved using FOP-Hir-10GH (63.5%), followed by the Hirsutella gum control (42.2%). Under greenhouse conditions, adults' mortality reached up to 84.6% with FOP-Hir-12 and 49.0% with Hirsutella gum. In addition, we applied H. citriformis formulations under field conditions in a commercial citrus grove located in Tecomán, Colima, México, at 21.5 °C and 73.3% relative humidity (RH) in March and 25.7 °C and 72.5% RH in October 2022 and observed 67.3% and 94.0% mortality of D. citri adults, respectively. Hirsutella gum alone showed significant insecticidal activity against D. citri adults. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Hirsutella gum functioned as additive to H. citriformis conidia formulations, improving D. citri adults' mortality and showing potential for this pest biocontrol in citrus orchards.
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Ruta chalepensis is an herb used to treat various ailments, and its potential cytotoxic effects on different tumor cell lines have been extensively studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of R. chalepensis methanol extract (RCME), sub-partitions obtained from solvents of increasing polarity, and major compounds, as well as their hemolytic, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant potential. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human hepatocarcinoma (HEP-G2) and the murine lymphoma cell line (L5178Y-R) was evaluated using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay, whereas selectivity indices (SIs) were determined by comparing cytotoxicity against normal African green monkey kidney cells (VERO) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activities were evaluated on human erythrocytes. The most effective cytotoxic treatment was evaluated for nitric oxide release by J774A.1 macrophages. Antioxidant activity of R. chalepensis material was also determined. Results showed that RCME produced significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity in HEP-G2 (IC50 = 1.79 µg/mL) and L5178Y-R (IC50 = 1.60 µg/mL) cells and exhibited high SIs (291.50 and 114.80, respectively). In addition, the n-hexane fraction (RCHF) showed an IC50 of 18.31 µg/mL in HEP-G2 cells and an SI of 9.48 in VERO cells, whereas the chloroform fraction (RCCF) evidenced an IC50 of 1.60 µg/mL in L5178Y-R cells and an SI of 34.27 in PBMC cells. Chalepensin (CHL), rutamarin (RTM), and graveolin (GRV), which are major components of R. chalepensis, showed high activity against L5178Y-R cells, with IC50 of 9.15, 15.13 and SI of 45.08 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, CHL, RTM, and GRV showed SIs of 24.76, 9.98, and 3.52, respectively, when compared with PBMC cells. RCME at concentrations of 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nitrite production in J774A.1 cells, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide. This study demonstrated that RCME showed significant cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 and L5178Y-R cells, without affecting normal VERO, PBMC, and J774A.1 cells.
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Probiotics are effective to treat or prevent gastrointestinal infections, and microalgae have demonstrated important health-promoting effects and in some cases function as prebiotics. In this regard, the anti-rotavirus effect of Bifidobacterium longum and Chlorella sorokiniana by reducing viral infectivity is well known. However, their effect on immune response against rotavirus has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of Bifidobacterium longum and/or Chlorella sorokiniana in influencing an IFN type I-mediated antiviral response in rotavirus-infected cells. In pre-infection experiments, HT-29 cells were treated with B. longum and C. sorokiniana alone or in combination, followed by rotavirus infection, whereas in post-infection assays, HT-29 cells were treated after infection. The cells' mRNA was then purified to determine the relative expression level of IFN-α, IFN-ß, and precursors of interferons such as RIG-I, IRF-3, and IRF-5 by qPCR. We showed that combination of B. longum and C. sorokiniana significantly increased IFN-α levels in pre-infection and IFN-ß in post-infection assays, as compared with individual effects. Results indicate that B. longum, C. sorokiniana, or their combination improve cellular antiviral immune response.
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Cancer is a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition, plants are a source of metabolites with diverse biological properties, including antitumor potential. In this study, we investigated the in vitro murine lymphoma L5178Y-R cell growth inhibition, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) toxicity and proliferation, and antioxidant, hemolytic, and anti-hemolytic activities of methanol extracts from 15 plants of traditional use in Mexico. Justicia spicigera caused the highest tumor cell growth inhibition with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 29.10 µg/mL and a selectivity index >34.36 compared with those of PBMC, whereas Mimosa tenuiflora showed the highest lymphoproliferative activity from 200 µg/mL compared with that induced by concanavalin A. In addition, M. tenuiflora showed an antioxidant effect (IC50 = 2.86 µg/mL) higher than that of ascorbic acid. Regarding the hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activity, all extracts presented significant anti-hemolytic activity. The extract of J. spicigera is emerging as a possible source of effective antineoplastic compounds.
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Introduction: Bovine papillomatosis affects animal health and represents one of the greatest economic losses in the livestock sector. New control and prevention methods to protect the livestock industry from this disease are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate a candidate peptide for antibody production against bovine papillomavirus (BPV). Material and Methods: A total of 64 cattle underwent wart excision among 5,485 cattle distributed over 2 to 4 farms per state and 12 farms in total in the four Mexican states of Tabasco, Chiapas, Veracruz, and Nuevo León. The prevalence of bovine papillomatosis per farm was calculated by wart visualisation. The warts were genotyped by PCR and sequenced, then a phylogenetic tree was built using MEGA X software. A synthetic peptide was designed in the ABCpred, Bepipred 2.0, Bepipred IDBT, Bepitope, LBtope, and MHC II predictor online server software's based on the C-terminal region of the L1 protein. Mice antibody production was induced by subcutaneous immunisation with 50 µg of synthetic peptide and evaluated by indirect ELISA. Results: The prevalence of BPV was higher in Tabasco, Chiapas, and Veracruz. Bovine papillomaviruses 1 and 2 were found in all representative samples. A phylogenetic tree showed that Mexican sequences were located in exclusive clades yet were highly related to international ones. The peptide immunisation induced antibody titres of 1 : 10,000/1 : 1,000,000 against synthetic peptide and whole wart lysate (WWL), respectively. Conclusion: Co-infections of BPV-1 and -2 were found in all four states. Immunisation of BALB/C mice with BPV-1/2-derived synthetic peptide based on the C-terminal region of the major viral capsid protein L1 induced the production of specific antibodies able to recognise BPV-1/2 viral particles from bovine WWL.
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Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts from the cactus Lophocereus marginatus, under different culture conditions. The strains Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cladosporium sp. were fermented in different culture media (potato dextrose agar, Czapeck broth, and malt broth), types of inoculums (spore or mycelium), and shaking conditions (150 rpm or static) for one week. Methanol extracts were obtained from mycelia, which was followed by determining their yields and evaluating their effect on L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells growth and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, using the 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. We determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of tumor cell growth inhibition, the selectivity index (SI), and the antioxidant activity, as compared with the healthy cells control. The best yields were obtained with the Czapeck broth medium in all the evaluated strains, reaching values of 50.3%. Of the 48 extracts evaluated, only seven significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited tumor cell growth (IC50 < 250 µg/mL). A. versicolor extract showed the highest anticancer activity, after culturing spores (IC50 = 49.62 µg/mL; SI = 15.8) or mycelium (IC50 = 69.67 µg/mL; SI = 12.2) in malt broth, under static conditions. Extracts did not present significant antioxidant activity. In conclusion, we showed that culture conditions influenced the anticancer activity of L. marginatus endophytic fungi.
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Antioxidantes , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fungos , Meios de CulturaRESUMO
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.
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Plant-associated microorganisms represent a potential source of new antitumor compounds. The aim of the present study was to isolate endophytic and rhizosphere Gram-positive bacteria from Ibervillea sonorae and produce extracts with antitumor activity. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were obtained from 28 d bacterial fermentation, after which murine L5178Y-R lymphoma cells growth inhibition was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 15.62 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. IC50 and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated and compared with healthy control human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Identification of the isolated strains was performed using the 16S ribosomal gene and by MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry. The endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial extracts from strains ISE-B22, ISE-B26, ISE-B27, ISS-A01, ISS-A06, and ISS-A16 showed significant (p < 0.05) L5178Y-R cell growth inhibition, compared with an untreated control. The rhizosphere Micromonospora echinospora isolate ISS-A16 showed the highest (90.48%) percentage of lymphoma cells growth inhibition and SI (19.1) for PBMC, whereas the Bacillus subtilis ISE-B26 isolate caused significant (p < 0.01) growth inhibition (84.32%) and a SI of 5.2. Taken together, results of the present study evidenced antitumor effects by I. sonorae endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria culture extracts. Further research will involve the elucidation of the compounds that exert the antitumor activity and their evaluation in pre-clinical studies.
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Cucurbitaceae , Rizosfera , Animais , Bactérias , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , CamundongosRESUMO
Endophytic fungi have become potential sources of antitumor agents, particularly against antineoplastic-resistant cancer cells, with marginal or nil adverse effects for the oncological patient. Endophytic fungi were isolated from stems of the Lophocereus marginatus cactus, commonly found in Mexico. Methanol extracts were then obtained from fungus liquid cultures and their effects on tumor cell growth against murine lymphoma (L5178Y-R), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were evaluated at concentrations ranging from 31 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL via the colorimetric 3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide reduction assay, using monkey kidney epithelial (MA-104) and human peripheral mononuclear (PBMC) cells as controls. Furthermore, we obtained the IC50 and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated from the IC50 ratio of normal and tumor cells. In addition, molecular identification of fungi showing cytotoxic activity was determined, using internal transcribed spacer molecular markers. PME-H001, PME-H002, PME-H005, PME-H007, and PME-H008 filamentous fungus strain extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) tumor cell growth inhibition. In particular, they significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited L5178Y-R cell growth, whereas the least susceptible cell line was HT-29. The endophytic strain PME-H008 of Cladosporium sp. caused the highest growth inhibition percentage against L5178Y-R and HT-29 cells with 96.6% (p < 0.01) and 42.5% (p < 0.05) respectively, and the highest SIs against L5178Y-R cells with 2.4 and 2.9 for MA-104 and PBMCs, respectively, whereas the PME-H005 extract showed SIs of 2.77 and 1.5 against MCF-7 and L5178Y-R cells, respectively, as compared with PBMCs. In addition, the endophytic strain PME-H007 of Metarhizium anisopliae caused the highest percentage of growth inhibition (p < 0.01) against MCF-7 cells with 55.8% at 250 µg/mL. We demonstrated in vitro antitumor effects of L. marginatus endophytic fungi. Further research will involve the isolation and in vivo testing of bioactive compounds.
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Cactaceae , Endófitos , Animais , Fungos , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidadeRESUMO
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a highly infectious disease in members of the Equidae family, caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The disease severity ranges from subclinical to acute or chronic, and causes significant economic losses in the equine industry worldwide. Serologic tests for detection of EIAV infection have some concerns given the prolonged seroconversion time. Therefore, molecular methods are needed to improve surveillance programs for this disease. We attempted detection of EIAV in 6 clinical and 42 non-clinical horses in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for antibody detection, and nested and hemi-nested PCR for detection of proviral DNA. We found that 6 of 6, 5 of 6, and 6 of 6 clinical horses were positive by AGID, nested PCR, and hemi-nested PCR, respectively, whereas 0 of 42, 1 of 42, and 9 of 42 non-clinical horses were positive by these tests, respectively. BLAST analysis of the 203-bp 5'-LTR/tat segment of PCR product revealed 83-93% identity with EIAV isolates in GenBank and reference strains from other countries. By phylogenetic analysis, our Mexican samples were grouped in a different clade than other sequences reported worldwide, indicating that the LRT/tat region represents an important target for the detection of non-clinical horses.
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Anemia Infecciosa Equina/diagnóstico , Vírus da Anemia Infecciosa Equina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/epidemiologia , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/virologia , Feminino , Cavalos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Prevalência , Testes Sorológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a silver nanoparticles/carboxymethyl-cellulose (AgNPs/CMC) composite on in vitro and dentine disc heterogeneous biofilms. DESIGN: AgNPs/CMC composite effect on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) viability was determined by the MTT reduction assay. In addition, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs/CMC composite on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum growth in vitro and heterogeneous biofilms, as well as dentine disc biofilms. RESULTS: Quasi-spherical AgNPs/CMC composites, with a mean 22.3â¯nm particle-size were synthesized. They were not toxic to HGF cells at concentrations tested that were antimicrobial, however they caused significant cytotoxicity (89 %, pâ¯<⯠0.05) at concentrations > 15 µg/mL. In vitro, they inhibited up to 67 %, 66 %, and 96 % C. albicans, E. faecalis, and F. nucleatum growth at concentrations ranging from 1.2 µg/mL to 9.6 µg/mL, as compared with untreated control. We also demonstrated significant (pâ¯<⯠0.05) 58 % biofilm reduction by 4.8 µg/mL AgNPs/CMC composite on human dentine discs. CONCLUSION: AgNPs/CMC composite showed anti biofilm activity on monocultures, heterogenous cultures, and dentine discs, resulting a potentially effective alternative to prevent and eliminate infections after endodontic treatment.
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Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/microbiologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata/farmacologia , Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/química , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/citologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Macro- and microorganism activities are important for the effectiveness of the slow sand filtration (SSF), where native microorganisms remove contaminants mainly by substrate competition, predation, and antagonism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the addition of the oligodynamic metals iron, copper, and brass, inserted separately into SSF to enhance pollutant removal in water samples. Four laboratory-scale SSFs were built and tested: control, iron, copper, and brass. Water analysis included physicochemical evaluation, total and fecal coliform quantification. An analysis on microbial communities in the SSFs schmutzdecke was achieved by using 16S rRNA amplification, the Illumina MiSeq platform, and the QIIME bioinformatics software. The results demonstrated that inorganic and organic contaminants such as coliforms were removed up to 90%. The addition of metals had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the other parameters. The microbial community analysis demonstrated different compositions of the SSF with brass-influent, where the eukaryote Streptophyta was predominant (31.4%), followed by the acetic acid bacteria Gluconobacter (24.6%), and Acetobacteraceae (7.7%), these genera were absent in the other SSF treatments. In conclusion, the use of a SSF system can be a low cost alternative to reduce microbial contamination in water and thus reduce gastrointestinal diseases in rural areas.
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Ácido Acético/metabolismo , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cobre/farmacologia , Estreptófitas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zinco/farmacologia , Acetobacteraceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetobacteraceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Filtração/instrumentação , Ferro/farmacologia , México , Areia , Estreptófitas/efeitos dos fármacos , Purificação da Água/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Enteric viral infections are among the leading causes of gastroenteritis in children up to five years of age worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the disease severity, incidence, and molecular genotyping of rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, and enteric adenoviruses as gastroenteritis agents among children up to five years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastroenteritis severity was determined by using the Ruuska and Vesikari score, whereas the incidence of enteric infections and their genotyping were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis. RESULTS: Rotaviruses were observed to possess the highest incidence with 10% (18/179) of the cases positives; nevertheless, noroviruses had the highest severe gastroenteritis score (13⯱â¯3 points). Results indicated that 56% (10/18) of the detected rotavirus strains were genotype G12P[8], 50% (4/8) of noroviruses were GII.4 and 25% (2/8) were genotype GI.8. Out of the sapovirus positive samples, 30% (2/6) were genotyped as GI·I and GII·I. Sixty percent of the astrovirus strains (3/5) were genotype HAstV-2, and 20% (1/5) were genotype HAstV-6. Additionally, one of the adenovirus strains was identified as human mastadenovirus C type 6 specie. CONCLUSIONS: The diarrhea severity reduction in children provides evidence that the rotavirus vaccination program in the northwest of Mexico has been successful, even among children infected by the rotavirus emergent strain G12, however, norovirus resulted as the leading severe gastroenteritis-causing agent in children with rotavirus vaccine.
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Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterite/virologia , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/imunologia , Viroses/prevenção & controle , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Filogenia , Viroses/virologia , Vírus/classificação , Vírus/genéticaRESUMO
Rotavirus vaccine was developed using the most prominent G and P genotypes circulating in children population. Therefore, severe gastroenteritis has been reduced around the world. This study investigated the G and P rotavirus genotypes circulating in children from two hospitals in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies against Rotavirus Wa strain were used to determine their homotypic and heterotypic reactivity to both P[8] and P[4] genotypes. G1, G2, and G3 VP7 genotypes and P[8] and P[4] VP4 genotypes were detected in common and uncommon combinations as well as mixed infectious. The predominant combination was G1P[8]. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 gene revealed the presence of P[8]-1 and P[8]-3 lineages of P[8] genotype and P[4]-5 lineage of P[4] genotype. All but five G1P[8] rotavirus were detected by polyclonal anti-Rotavirus Wa strain. Mutation analysis revealed differences in three of the four neutralizing epitopes previously reported to VP8* subunit of VP4 protein. Results of this study offer insights over genetic variants of field rotavirus that could be detected in a homotypic and heterotypic way by antibodies elicited to rotavirus with P[8] genotype (AU)
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/virologia , Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , Mapeamento de Epitopos/métodos , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Rotavirus/genética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , RNA Viral/análiseRESUMO
Rotavirus vaccine was developed using the most prominent G and P genotypes circulating in children population. Therefore, severe gastroenteritis has been reduced around the world. This study investigated the G and P rotavirus genotypes circulating in children from two hospitals in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies against Rotavirus Wa strain were used to determine their homotypic and heterotypic reactivity to both P[8] and P[4] genotypes. G1, G2, and G3 VP7 genotypes and P[8] and P[4] VP4 genotypes were detected in common and uncommon combinations as well as mixed infectious. The predominant combination was G1P[8]. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 gene revealed the presence of P[8]-1 and P[8]-3 lineages of P[8] genotype and P[4]-5 lineage of P[4] genotype. All but five G1P[8] rotavirus were detected by polyclonal anti-Rotavirus Wa strain. Mutation analysis revealed differences in three of the four neutralizing epitopes previously reported to VP8* subunit of VP4 protein. Results of this study offer insights over genetic variants of field rotavirus that could be detected in a homotypic and heterotypic way by antibodies elicited to rotavirus with P[8] genotype. [Int Microbiol 2016; 19(1):27-32].