DOMINO trial post hoc analysis: evaluation of the diet effects on symptoms in IBS subtypes.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to defecation and/or associated to a change in bowel habits. According to the stool type, four different IBS subtypes can be recognized, constipation predominant (IBS-C), diarrhea predominant (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), and undefined (IBS-U). Patients report that their IBS symptoms are exacerbated by food. Thus, it is important to find a nutritional approach that could be effective in reducing IBS symptoms. Objective: The present work is a post hoc analysis of the previously published DOMINO trial. It aimed to evaluate the effects of a self-instructed FODMAP-lowering diet smartphone application on symptoms and psychosocial aspects in primary care IBS stratifying the results for each IBS subtypes. Design: Post hoc analysis. Methods: Two hundred twenty-two primary care IBS patients followed a FODMAP-lowering diet for 8 weeks with the support of a smartphone application. Two follow-up visits were scheduled after 16 and 24 weeks. IBS-Symptoms Severity Score (IBS-SSS), quality of life (QoL), and adherence and dietary satisfaction were evaluated. Results: After 8 weeks, IBS-SSS improved in all IBS subtypes (p < 0.0001). Physician Health Questiionnaire (PHQ-15) improved only in IBS-D (p = 0.0006), whereas QoL improved both in IBS-D (p = 0.01) and IBS-M (p = 0.005). Conclusion: This post hoc analysis showed that the app is useful in all IBS subtypes; thus, it could be used as an effective tool by both general practitioners and patients to manage symptoms in primary care. Trial registration: Ethical Commission University Hospital of Leuven reference number: S59482. Clinicaltrial.gov reference number: NCT04270487.

What is already known about this subject? The low FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols) diet has shown efficacy for controlling IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) symptoms in small controlled trials in tertiary care patients. As this approach requires several visits with an experienced dietitian, it seems less suitable for primary care. What are the new findings? The benefit of the FODMAP lowering app was already present at 4 weeks and persisted during follow-up until 24 weeks. How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future? Given its superiority to standard first-line pharmacotherapy, and its ease of use, a FODMAP lowering app has the potential to become the preferred first-line treatment for primary care IBS.

Direct Single-Operator Cholangioscopy and Intraductal Ultrasonography in Patients with Indeterminate Biliary Strictures: A Single Center Experience.

The evaluation of biliary strictures poses a challenge due to the low sensitivity of standard diagnostic approaches, but the advent of direct single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) has revolutionized this paradigm. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of DSOC and DSOC-targeted biopsies, intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), and standard brush cytology in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures (IBS). We reviewed patients who underwent advanced diagnostic evaluation for IBS at our endoscopy unit from January 2018 to December 2022, all of whom had previously undergone at least one endoscopic attempt to characterize the biliary stricture. Final diagnoses were established based on surgical pathology and/or clinical and radiological follow-up spanning at least 12 months. A total of 57 patients, with a mean age of 67.2 ± 10.0 years, were included, with a mean follow-up of 18.2 ± 18.1 months. The majority of IBS were located in the distal common bile duct (45.6%), with malignancy confirmed in 35 patients (61.4%). DSOC and IDUS demonstrated significantly higher accuracies (89.5% and 82.7%, respectively) compared to standard cytology (61.5%, p < 0.05). Both DSOC visualization and IDUS exhibited optimal diagnostic yields in differentiating IBS with an acceptable safety profile.

Gene Variants of the OAS/RNase L Pathway and Their Association with Severity of Symptoms and Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

INTRODUCTION: The interferon pathway plays a critical role in triggering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and these gene variants may be involved in the severity of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of three gene variants of OAS and RNASEL with the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms and disease outcome. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 104 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 34 were asymptomatic COVID-19, and 70 were symptomatic cases. The variants rs486907 (RNASEL), rs10774671 (OAS1), rs1293767 (OAS2), and rs2285932 (OAS3) were screened and discriminated using a predesigned 5'-nuclease assay with TaqMan probes. RESULTS: Patients with the allele C of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83, p = 0.014) and allele T of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.2-0.023, p = 0.023) have lower susceptibility to developing symptomatic COVID-19. The genotype frequencies (G/G, G/C, and C/C) of rs1293767 for that comparison were 64.7%, 29.4%, and 5.9% in the asymptomatic group and 95.2%, 4.8%, and 0% in severe disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that individuals carrying the C allele of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 and the T allele of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 are less likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19, suggesting these genetic variations may confer a protective effect among the Mexican study population. Furthermore, the observed differences in genotype frequencies between asymptomatic individuals and those with severe disease emphasize the potential of these variants as markers for disease severity. These insights enhance our understanding of the genetic factors that may influence the course of COVID-19 and underscore the potential for genetic screening in identifying individuals at increased risk for severe disease outcomes.

Epidemiological profile of individuals with HIV/Aids in a municipality in Maranhão State, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020 / Perfil epidemiológico de individuos con VIH/SIDA en municipio en Maranhão, Brasil, de 2017 a 2020 / Perfil epidemiológico de indivíduos com HIV/Aids em município no Maranhão, Brasil, de 2017 a 2020

Background and Objective: To understand the main forms of transmission of HIV in order to foster the containment of the transmission chain, early diagnosis and the epidemiological profile of patients. In this sense, it will enable the analysis of the epidemiological profile and the transmissibility variables of patients with HIV/Aids from the municipality of Imperatriz-MA.. Method: This is an observational cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed from the analysis of patients' records registered in the Center for Testing and Counseling (CTA) from 2017 to 2020. For data collection, a questionnaire with transmission variables and epidemiological characteristics of patients was used. Results: From January 2017 to December 2020, 211 medical records were filed. Of these, 71.6% were male, 55.5% of the participants were between 21 and 40 years, and 66.4% from Imperatriz-MA. The most prevalent type of exposure was sexual intercourse without a condom. Among the participants, 83.9% (n=177) were positive only for HIV. About 140 people with HIV had an undetectable viral load (VL) (< 50 copies/ml) after 6 months of using antiretroviral therapy, making it low transmissibility. Conclusion: The study was able to characterize the epidemiological profile of patients from the Specialized Assistance Service (SAE) in Imperatriz between 2017 and 2020. Despite the increase in the number of cases among women, the most affected public remains young men, from 21 to 40 years of age, with 8 to 11 years of education, single and brown. Sexual intercourse without a condom is the main type of exposure.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivo: Buscando proporcionar a la contención de la cadena de transmisión del VIH, el diagnóstico precoz y el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes para conocer las principales formas de transmisión del VIH. En este sentido, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el perfil epidemiológico y las variables de transmisibilidad de los usuarios con VIH/sida del municipio de Imperatriz-MA. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional de carácter transversal, la recolección de datos fue realizada a partir del análisis de registros de usuarios registrados en el CTA en el período de 2017 a 2020. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario con variables de transmisión y características epidemiológicas de los pacientes. Resultados: Se registraron 211 registros y enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2020. De estos, 71,6% del sexo masculino, 55,5% de los participantes tenían entre 21 y 40 años y 66,4% de Imperatriz - MA. El tipo de exposición más prevalente fue la relación sexual sin condón. Entre los participantes, 83,9% (n=177) fueron positivos solo para el VIH. Cerca de 140 personas con VIH tenían carga viral indetectable (< 50 copias/ml) después de 6 meses usando terapia antirretroviral, haciéndola de baja transmisibilidad. Conclusión: El público más afectado sigue siendo hombres jóvenes, de 21 a 40 años, con 8 a 11 años de educación, solteros y de piel morena. Las relaciones sexuales sin preservativo son el principal tipo de exposición.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivo: Conhecer as principais formas de transmissão do HIV para proporcionar a contenção da cadeia de transmissão do HIV, o diagnóstico precoce e o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes. Nesse sentido, será possível analisar o perfil epidemiológico e as variáveis de transmissibilidade dos usuários com HIV/Aids do município de Imperatriz-MA. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional de caráter transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da análise de registros de usuários cadastrados no CTA no período de 2017 a 2020. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário com variáveis de transmissão e características epidemiológicas dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram registrados 211 prontuários de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2020. Destes, 71,6% do sexo masculino, 55,5% dos participantes tinham entre 21 e 40 anos e 66,4% de Imperatriz-MA. O tipo de exposição mais prevalente foi a relação sexual sem preservativo. Entre os participantes, 83,9% (n=177) foram positivos apenas para HIV. Cerca de 140 pessoas com HIV tinham carga viral indetectável (< 50 cópias/ml) após 6 meses usando terapia antirretroviral, tornando-a de baixa transmissibilidade. Conclusões: O estudo conseguiu caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários de SAE em Imperatriz entre 2017 e 2020. Apesar do aumento no número de casos em mulheres, o público mais afetado continua sendo homens jovens, de 21 a 40 anos, com 8 a 11 anos de educação, solteiros e pardos. A relação sexual sem preservativo é o principal tipo de exposição.(AU)

Métricas de los artículos publicados en la revista científica Finlay, 2011-2022 / Metrics of the articles published in the Finlay journal, 2011-2022

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los artículos publicados en la revista científica Finlay durante el periodo 2011-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, bibliométrico sobre los artículos publicados en la revista científica Finlay. El universo estuvo conformado por 525 artículos. No se aplicó técnicas de muestreo. Las variables analizadas fueron cantidad de artículos, año de publicación, cantidad y procedencia de los autores, tipo, temática central de los artículos, tipo de estudios, cantidad de referencias y referencias con cinco años de antigüedad, cantidad de citas por artículos y recibidas por la revista por años. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva e indicadores bibliométricos. Resultados: Destacó el año 2021, con 60 investigaciones (11,38 %). Predominaron los artículos con tres autores (155; 29,52 %); sobresalió Cienfuegos, con 1074 autores (59,40 %), y prevalecieron los artículos originales (AO) (243; 46,28 %). El mayor índice de Price (IP) (0,80) lo presentaron las imágenes en la medicina (IM). Dentro de los AO, sobresalieron las investigaciones con metodología de enfoque observacional-descriptivo (225 artículos publicados, equivalente a un 92,59 % respecto al total de AO). Destacaron investigaciones relacionadas con enfermedades cardiovasculares (116; 22,09 %). Se recibieron 4870 citas, con predominio del año 2017, con un número de citas corregidas (NCC) de 38,3; mientras que, en el año 2020, hubo 3,27 de factor de impacto (FI). Conclusiones: La revista Finlay constituye un órgano científico para la difusión de resultados investigativos con amplios logros y experiencias en la gestión editorial. Su crecimiento ha sido exponencial en cuanto a la cantidad de artículos publicados, con predominio en el año 2021. En sus números se recogen investigaciones que muestran la colaboración entre autores tanto nacionales como extranjeros, y en donde se resalta los resultados de los investigadores del territorio. Al respecto, las temáticas son referentes a problemas de salud que se recogen en los programas de salud prioritarios para el sector, fundamentados en investigaciones originales en mayor medida, y aparejado a un crecimiento de las citas recibidas en especial en el 2017.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the articles published in the Finlay journal during the period between 2011 and 2022. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, bibliometric study was carried out on the articles published in the Finlay journal. The universe consisted of 525 articles. Sampling techniques were not used. The analyzed variables were number of articles, year of publication, number of authors, origin of the authors, type of article, main theme of the articles, type of study, number of references, number of 5-year-old references, number of citations per article and number of citations received by the journal per year. A descriptive statistics and bibliometrics were used. Results: The year 2021 stood out with 60 research works (11.38 %). Articles with three authors prevailed (155; 29.52 %), Cienfuegos stood out with 1,074 authors (59.40 %) and original articles (OA) predominated (243; 46.28 %). Images in medicine (IM) had the highest Price's Index (0.80). Among the OA, research works with an observational-descriptive approach prevailed (225 published articles, which accounted for 92.59 % out of the total number of OA). Research related to cardiovascular diseases predominated (116; 22.09 %). A total of 4,870 citations were received, most of them from 2017, with a number of corrected citations (NCC) of 38.3. Meanwhile, the year 2020 had an impact factor (IF) of 3.27. Conclusions: The Finlay journal is a scientific body for the dissemination of research results with extensive achievements and experiences in editorial management. Its growth has been exponential in terms of the number of articles published, prevailing the year 2021. Its issues include research works that show the collaboration between national and foreign authors, highlighting the results of the Cienfuegos province's researchers. In this regard, the topics focus on health problems that are included in the sector's priority health programs, based on original research to a greater extent and coupled with a higher number of citations received especially in 2017.

Grupo Científico Estudiantil Tecnología y Ciencia. Experiencias en la divulgación científica / Student Scientific Group Technology and Science. Experiences in scientific dissemination / Grupo Científico de Estudantes de Tecnologia e Ciências. Experiências em divulgação científica

Introducción: La divulgación científica no debe verse solo como una actividad propia del profesional de la comunicación o del periodismo. Saber divulgar una investigación científica es una forma de gestión del conocimiento adquirido. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias en la divulgación científica del Grupo Científico Estudiantil Tecnología y Ciencia. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Durante el período comprendido de octubre de 2020 a mayo de 2023 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, Cuba. La información se recopiló a partir del análisis de las evidencias de trabajo del Grupo Científico Estudiantil. Las experiencias se describieron teniendo en cuenta las acciones, actividades y espacios creados para el desarrollo de la divulgación científica. Resultados: El Grupo Científico Estudiantil está integrado por 14 estudiantes de las diferentes carreras de las ciencias médicas. De ellos: 7 son estudiantes de Medicina, 2 pertenecen a Estomatología, 3 a las Tecnologías de la Salud y 2 a la carrera de Enfermería. En cuanto al sexo el 57 porciento son masculinos y el 43 porciento femeninos. El trabajo sistemático con el Grupo Científico Estudiantil ha permitido avanzar considerablemente en cuanto a organización y desarrollo de eventos donde se socializan y divulgan resultados científicos, además la sostenibilidad del trabajo en equipo ha permitido que se publiquen en revistas científicas los aportes que se derivan de los resultados. Conclusiones: El trabajo del Grupo Científico Estudiantil Tecnología y Ciencia juega un papel decisivo en la comunidad universitaria, pues organiza actividades científicas y académicas en aras de incrementar el desarrollo científico estudiantil.(AU)

Introduction: Scientific dissemination should not be seen only as an activity of the communication or journalism professional. Knowing how to disseminate scientific research is a form of management of acquired knowledge. Objective: To describe the experiences in scientific dissemination of the Student Scientific Group: Technology and Science. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. During the period from October 2020 to May 2023 at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The information was compiled from the analysis of the GCE's work evidence. The experiences were described taking into account the actions, activities and spaces created for the development of scientific dissemination. Results: The GCE is madeup of 14 students from different careers in medical sciences. Of them: seven are medical students, two belong to Stomatology, three to Health Technologies, and two to the Nursing career. Regarding sex, 57percent are male and 43 percent female. The systematic work with the GCE has allowed for considerable progress in terms of organization and development of events where scientific results are socialized and disseminated, and the sustainability of team work has allowed the contributions derived from the results to be published in scientific journals. Conclusions: The work of the GCE: Technology and Science plays a decisive role in the university community, as it organizes scientific and academic activities in order to increase student scientific development.(AU)

Introdução: A divulgação científica não deve ser vista apenas como uma atividade do profissional de comunicação ou jornalismo. Saber divulgar pesquisas científicas é uma forma de gestão do conhecimento adquirido. Objetivo: Descrever as experiências de divulgação científica do Grupo Científico de Estudantes de Tecnologia e Ciências. Método: Foi realizado estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Durante o período de outubro de 2020 a maio de 2023 na Universidad de Cieências Médicas de Cienfuegos, Cuba. As informaçõ es foram compiladas a partir da análise das evidências de trabalho do Grupo Científico Estudantil. As experiências foram descritas levando em consideração as ações, atividades e espaços criados para o desenvolvimento da divulgação científica. Resultados: O Grupo Científico Estudantil é composto por 14 estudantes de diferentes carreiras das ciências médicas. Destes: 7 são estudantes de Medicina, 2 pertencem à Estomatologia, 3 às Tecnologias da Saúde e 2 à carreira de Enfermagem. Quanto ao sexo, 57 porcento são homens e 43 porcento mulheres. O trabalho sistemático com o Grupo Científico de Estudantes tempermitido avanços consideráveis em termos de organização e desenvolvimento de eventos onde os resultados científicos são socializados e divulgados, além disso a sustentabilidade do trabalho emequipe tem permitido que as contribuições derivadas dos estudos sejam publicadas em revistas científicas. Conclusões: A atuação do Grupo Científico de Estudantes de Tecnologia e Ciências desempenha um papel decisivo na comunidade universitária, pois organiza atividades científicas e acadêmicas com o objetivo de aumentar o desenvolvimento científico dos estudantes.(AU)

Hospitalizaciones por diarrea con sangre en un centro pediátrico de referencia en Uruguay / Hospitalizations due to bloody diarrhea in a pediatric reference center in Uruguay / Internações por diarreia sanguinolenta em um centro de referência pediátrica no Uruguai

Introducción: La diarrea con sangre es un motivo frecuente de admisión hospitalaria en niños, con gastroenteritis aguda; en la mayoría de los casos se tratan de infecciones leves y autolimitadas, pero pueden producirse complicaciones graves. Objetivos: Describir la etiología y características clínico- evolutivas de los niños menores de 15 años hospitalizados por diarrea con sangre en el Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell entre los años 2012- 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias y registros de laboratorio. Variables: demográficas, estado nutricional, hidratación, motivos de hospitalización, ingreso unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), enteropatógenos, tratamientos, evolución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 229 niños, mediana de edad de 8 meses; sexo masculino 61%; eutróficos 88%, bien hidratados 55%, con comorbilidades 11%, prematurez 6,5%. El motivo de hospitalización fue diarrea con sangre/disentería sin otro síntoma 45%. Se solicitó coprovirológico/coprocultivo en 98% y detección por técnicas de ácidos nucleicos en materia fecal 5,2%. Se identificó al menos un agente patógeno en 34,3%: Shigella sp. 38%; Salmonella sp. 19,5%; coinfecciones en 12%. Se indicaron antibióticos a 86%; ceftriaxona 62%, azitromicina 35%. Ingresaron a UCI 6,5% (15), presentaron complicaciones 10/14, fallo renal agudo 5 y alteraciones del medio interno 3. La mayoría presentó buena evolución. Conclusiones: La diarrea con sangre/disentería continúa siendo una causa importante de hospitalización afectando en su mayoría a niños sanos menores de 5 años. Los patógenos detectados con mayor frecuencia fueron bacterias principalmente Shigella sp., Salmonella sp. y E coli diarreogénicas. Se reportó alta prescripción de antibióticos, cumpliendo en la mayoría de los casos con las recomendaciones.

Introduction: Bloody diarrhea is a common reason for hospital admission in children with acute gastroenteritis; In most cases these are mild and self-limiting infections, but serious complications can occur. Goals: To describe the etiology and clinical-evolutionary characteristics of children under 15 years of age hospitalized for bloody diarrhea at the Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell between the years 2012-2023. Materials and methods: Retrospective study through review of histories and laboratory records. Variables: demographics, nutritional status, hydration, reason for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, enteropathogens, treatments, evolution. Results: 229 children were included, median age 8 months; male sex 61%; eutrophic 88%, well hydrated 55%, with comorbidities 11%, prematurity 6.5%. The reason for hospitalization was bloody diarrhea/dysentery without other symptoms 45%. Coprovirological/coproculture was requested in 98% and detection by nucleic acid techniques in fecal matter was requested in 5,2%. At least one pathogenic agent was identified in 34,3%: Shigella sp. 38%; Salmonella sp 19,5%; coinfections in 12%. Antibiotics were indicated for 86%; ceftriaxone 62%, azithromycin 35%. Were admitted to the ICU 6,5% (15), 10/14 had complications, 5 had acute kidney failure and 3 had alterations in the internal environment. The majority had a good evolution. Conclusions: Bloody diarrhea/dysentery continues to be an important cause of hospitalization, affecting mostly healthy children under 5 years of age. The most frequently detected pathogens were bacteria, mainly Shigella sp., Salmonella sp. and diarrheagenic E coli. High prescription of antibiotics was reported, complying in most cases with the recommendations.

Introdução: A diarreia com sangue é um motivo comum de internação hospitalar em crianças com gastroenterite aguda; Na maioria dos casos, estas são infecções leves e autolimitadas, mas podem ocorrer complicações graves. Metas: Descrever a etiologia e as características clínico-evolutivas de crianças menores de 15 anos internadas por diarreia sanguinolenta no Hospital Pediátrico Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell entre os anos de 2012-2023. Materiais e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo por meio de revisão de histórias e registros laboratoriais. Variáveis: dados demográficos, estado nutricional, hidratação, motivo da internação, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), enteropatógenos, tratamentos, evolução. Resultados: foram incluídas 229 crianças, mediana de idade 8 meses; sexo masculino 61%; eutrófico 88%, bem hidratado 55%, com comorbidades 11%, prematuridade 6,5%. O motivo da internação foi diarreia sanguinolenta/disenteria sem outros sintomas 45%. O estudo coprovirologico/coprocultivo foi solicitado em 98% e a detecção por técnicas de ácidos nucleicos em matéria fecal foi solicitada em 5,2%. Pelo menos um agente patogênico foi identificado em 34,3%: Shigella sp. 38%; Salmonella sp. 19,5%; coinfecções em 12%. Os antibióticos foram indicados para 86%; ceftriaxona 62%, azitromicina 35%. Foram internados em UTI 6,5% (15), 10/14 apresentaram complicações, 5 tiveram insuficiência renal aguda e 3 apresentaram alterações no meio interno, a maioria teve boa evolução. Conclusões: A diarreia/disenteria com sangue continua a ser uma causa importante de hospitalização, afetando sobretudo crianças saudáveis ​​com menos de 5 anos de idade. Os patógenos mais frequentemente detectados foram bactérias, principalmente Shigella sp., Salmonella sp. e E. coli diarreiogênica. Foi relatada elevada prescrição de antibióticos, cumprindo na maioria dos casos as recomendações.

Prevalence, MRI findings, and clinical features of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion in French Bulldogs diagnosed with acute thoracic or lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.

Introduction: Intervertebral disc protrusion (IVDP) is a neurological disorder commonly observed at the lumbosacral junction of old, medium-to-large breeds, non-chondrodystrophic dogs. Although uncommon, lumbosacral IVDP can also be seen in chondrodystrophic dogs, among them French Bulldogs (FBs) and could be associated with congenital vertebral malformations in this breed. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and MRI characteristics of lumbosacral IVDP and congenital vertebral malformations in FBs diagnosed with thoracic or lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) and to evaluate the possible interference of the neurologic deficits related to chronic IVDP on neurological examination. Materials and methods: This is a single-center, retrospective case series. A search for FBs diagnosed with IVDE affecting the thoracic or lumbar regions is done on the database of the AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital (Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy). Eligible dogs have a complete medical report and a high-field MRI of the lumbosacral junction. MRIs of the lumbosacral junction are evaluated to determine the position of IVDP, cranial intervertebral foraminal stenosis, and signs of nerve root involvement. Radiographs, when available, are reviewed to identify the presence of lumbosacral congenital vertebral malformations. Results: Eighty FBs are included in the study. The prevalence of lumbosacral IVDP among FBs is 91.3%. Among FBs with lumbosacral IVDP, 45.0% show concurrent cranial intervertebral foraminal stenosis, 28.8% exhibit concurrent nerve root involvement, 56.2% appear to be asymptomatic for lumbosacral changes, while 15.1% manifest a decreased or absent withdrawal reflex as a supposed consequence of chronic lumbosacral IVDP. Congenital vertebral malformations are detected in 10 dogs. Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that lumbosacral IVDP is frequent in FBs presenting with thoracic or lumbar IVDE. In over half the dogs lumbosacral IVDP appears to be asymptomatic; however, in other cases, chronic lumbosacral IVDP seems to cause neurological deficits that may lead to erroneous localization of acute IVDE, representing a confounding factor for clinicians.

Are postnatal traumatic events an underestimated cause of porencephalic lesions in dogs and cats?

Introduction: Porencephaly is defined as a fluid-filled cavity of variable size in the brain cortex. It is regarded as a congenital condition and is typically considered a developmental or an encephaloclastic defect. Our hypothesis is that postnatal traumatic events in the first few months of life may represent a cause of canine and feline porencephaly that is more common than generally suspected. The aims of this study were to retrospectively investigate porencephaly in a large population of dogs and cats, detect MRI features that might be useful to differentiate postnatal acquired traumatic forms from congenital/perinatal porencephaly, and define the prevalence of seizure activity in porencephalic patients. Materials and methods: This is a double-center, descriptive, retrospective case series. Databases were searched for cases within a 17-year time span that involve dogs and cats with an MRI-based diagnosis of cerebral cavitary lesions. Animals were included if a complete signalment and an exhaustive MRI of the brain were available. Besides the porencephalic lesions, MRIs of the head were reviewed to detect concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities. Results: Thirty-two cases involving nine cats and twenty-three dogs were selected. Of all the cases, 21.9% were aged six years or older at the time of diagnosis. All patients in which the neuroanatomical localization was available showed clinical signs of a prosencephalic disorder. Epileptic seizures were observed in 71.8% of cases. A single porencephalic cavity was found in 78.1% of cases. The most affected cerebral lobe was the parietal lobe (n = 20). The defects involved both the grey and white matter in 78.1% of cases. Twenty cases showed concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities overlying the porencephalic cavities. Fourteen of twenty cases showed evidence of fractures, of which thirteen showed depression of the calvarium and twelve masticatory muscle abnormalities. Of these, seven of fourteen had a history consistent with a head trauma in the first period of life. Conclusion: The recognition of skull fractures and muscular abnormalities closely associated with the porencephalic cavity may support a diagnosis of a postnatal traumatic origin of porencephaly. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of evaluating musculoskeletal structures in the MRIs of the heads of porencephalic cases.

Prevalence and factors associated with physical activity practice in people living with HIV/AIDS / Prevalência e fatores associados à prática de atividade física em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Prevalence and factors associated with physical activity practice in people living with HIV/AIDS

Background and Objectives: physical activity practice (PAP) by people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been recommended in medical literature. This measure is shown to be effective in managing PLHIV. However, it is estimated that only 50.7% of PLHIV comply with recommended physical exercise guidelines. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with PAP in PLHIV using antiretroviral therapy. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study composed of 276 PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), treated at the Specialized Outpatient Service of a municipality in the countryside of the Northeast in 2018. The variables analyzed included biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure data as well as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). They were divided into two groups: physical activity practitioners (PAp); and physical activity non-practitioners (PANp). Data were correlated using Pearson's chi-square test, with statistical significance if p<0.05, and through inferential statistics. Results: of the study participants, most were men, and of the total contingent, 67% (n=185) were PANp and of these, 8.6% had cardiovascular event moderate and high risks (CVER) according to FRS. The PAp group had a lower median for the age variable [37 (41-48) years, p=0.004] and a higher median for the weight variable [68 (60-77.5) kg, p=0.015]. Among the PAp, there was a high prevalence of low risk. Conclusion: lack of PAP is highly prevalent among PLHIV and these are more associated with moderate and high CVER, in addition to the metabolic and bodily consequences of the viral condition and antiretroviral therapy.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: a prática de atividade física (PAF) por pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) tem sido recomendada na literatura médica. Tal medida mostra-se eficaz no manejo de PVHIV. Entretanto, estima-se que apenas 50,7% das PVHIV estão em conformidade com as diretrizes de exercício físico recomendadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à PAF em PVHIV em uso de terapia antirretroviral. Métodos: estudo transversal, formado por 276 PVHIV em terapia antirretroviral (TARV), atendidos no Serviço Ambulatorial Especializado (SAE) de um município do interior do Nordeste em 2018. As variáveis analisadas incluíram dados bioquímicos, antropométricos e pressóricos e também o Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF). Dividiram-se em dois grupos: praticantes de atividade física (pAF); e não praticantes de atividade física (NpAF). Os dados foram correlacionados por meio de Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, com significância estatística se p<0,05, e através da estatística inferencial. Resultados: dos participantes do estudo, a maioria era homem (55,4%). Do contingente total, 67% (n=185) eram NpAF e, desses, 8,6% possuíam risco moderado e alto de eventos cardiovasculares (RECV) segundo ERF. O grupo pAF apresentou menor mediana na variável idade [37 (41-48) anos, p=0,004] e maior na variável peso [68 (60-77,5) kg, p=0,015]. Entre os pAF, houve uma alta prevalência de risco baixo. Conclusão: a falta da PAF é altamente prevalente entre PVHIV, e esses estão mais associados ao moderado e alto RECV, além das consequências metabólicas e corporais da condição viral e da terapia antirretroviral.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: la práctica de actividades físicas (PAF) por parte de las personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH) ha sido recomendada en la literatura médica. Esta medida ha demostrado ser efectiva en el manejo de las PVVIH. Sin embargo, se estima que solo el 50,7% de las PVVIH cumplen con las pautas recomendadas de ejercicio físico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a PAF en PVVIH usuarias de tratamiento antirretroviral. Métodos: estudio observacional transversal, conformado por 276 PVVIH en terapia antirretroviral (TARV), atendidas en el Servicio Ambulatorio Especializado (SAE) de un municipio del interior del Nordeste en 2018. Las variables analizadas incluyeron datos bioquímicos, antropométricos y de presión arterial, así como el Puntuación de Riesgo de Framingham (PRF). Se dividieron en dos grupos: practicantes (pAF) de actividad física; y no practicantes de actividad física (NpAF). Los datos se correlacionaron mediante la Prueba de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, con significancia estadística si p<0,05, y mediante estadística inferencial. Resultados: de los participantes del estudio, la mayoría eran hombres, y del total del contingente, el 67% (n=185) eran NpAF y, de estos, el 8,6% tenían riesgo moderado y alto de eventos cardiovasculares (RECV) según PRF. El grupo de pAF tuvo una mediana menor para la variable edad [37 (41-48) años, p=0,004] y una mediana mayor para la variable peso [68 (60-77,5) kg, p=0,015]. Entre las pAF, hubo alta prevalencia de bajo riesgo. Conclusión: la falta de PAF es altamente prevalente entre las PVVIH, y estas están más asociadas a RECV moderado y alto, además de las consecuencias metabólicas y corporales de la condición viral y la terapia antirretroviral.(AU)

Correction: "Nutripiatto": A tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282748.].

Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function Induces Migration and Invasion through Overexpression of miR-182-5p in Cancer Cells.

The master-key TP53 gene is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers. Some p53 mutants lose their tumor suppressor activity and acquire new oncogenic functions, known as a gain of function (GOF). Recent studies have shown that p53 mutants can exert oncogenic effects through specific miRNAs. We identified the differentially expressed miRNA profiles of the three most frequent p53 mutants (p53R273C, p53R248Q, and p53R175H) after their transfection into the Saos-2 cell line (null p53) as compared with p53WT transfected cells. The associations between these miRNAs and the signaling pathways in which they might participate were identified with miRPath Software V3.0. QRT-PCR was employed to validate the miRNA profiles. We observed that p53 mutants have an overall negative effect on miRNA expression. In the global expression profile of the human miRNome regulated by the p53R273C mutant, 72 miRNAs were underexpressed and 35 overexpressed; in the p53R175H miRNAs profile, our results showed the downregulation of 93 and upregulation of 10 miRNAs; and in the miRNAs expression profile regulated by the p53R248Q mutant, we found 167 decreased and 6 increased miRNAs compared with p53WT. However, we found overexpression of some miRNAs, like miR-182-5p, in association with processes such as cell migration and invasion. In addition, we explored whether the induction of cell migration and invasion by the p53R48Q mutant was dependent on miR-182-5p because we found overexpression of miR-182-5p, which is associated with processes such as cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of mutant p53R248Q and miR-182-5p increased FOXF2-MTSS1 levels and decreased cell migration and invasion. In summary, our results suggest that p53 mutants increase the expression of miR-182-5p, and this miRNA is necessary for the p53R248Q mutant to induce cell migration and invasion in a cancer cell model.

The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are both crucial for the endoscopic management of biliopancreatic diseases: the combination of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is useful in many clinical scenarios, such as indeterminate biliary stenosis, biliary stones, chronic pancreatitis and biliary and pancreatic malignancies. This natural and evident convergence between EUS and ERCP, which by 2006 we were calling the "Endoscopic ultrasonography retrograde colangiopancreatography (EURCP) concept", has become a hot topic in the last years, together with the implementation of the therapeutic possibilities of EUS (from EUS-guided necrosectomy to gastro-entero anastomoses) and with the return of ERCP to its original diagnostic purpose thanks to ancillary techniques (extraductal ultrasound (EDUS), intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), cholangiopancreatoscopy with biopsies and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE)). In this literary review, we retraced the recent history of EUS and ERCP, reported examples of the clinical applicability of the EURCP concept and explored the option of performing the two procedures in only one endoscopic session, with its positive implications for the patient, the endoscopist and the health care system. In the last few years, we also evaluated the possibility of combining EUS and ERCP into a single endoscopic instrument in a single step, but certain obstacles surrounding this approach remain.

Effects of Animal and Vegetable Proteins on Gut Microbiota in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity.

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the balance between host health and obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota can be influenced by external factors, among which diet plays a key role. As the source of dietary protein is important to achieve weight loss and gut microbiota modulation, in the literature there is increasing evidence to suggest consuming more plant proteins than animal proteins. In this review, a literature search of clinical trials published until February 2023 was conducted to examine the effect of different macronutrients and dietary patterns on the gut microbiota in subjects with overweight and obesity. Several studies have shown that a higher intake of animal protein, as well as the Western diet, can lead to a decrease in beneficial gut bacteria and an increase in harmful ones typical of obesity. On the other hand, diets rich in plant proteins, such as the Mediterranean diet, lead to a significant increase in anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, bacterial diversity and a reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Therefore, since diets rich in fiber, plant protein, and an adequate amount of unsaturated fat may help to beneficially modulate the gut microbiota involved in weight loss, further studies are needed.

Nutritional Approaches in Children with Overweight or Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis.

Childhood obesity is a global public health problem. Worldwide, 41 million children under 5 years and 340 million children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years are overweight. In addition, the recent COVID-19 epidemic has further amplified this social phenomenon. Obesity is a condition associated with various comorbidities, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The pathophysiology of NAFLD in obesity is intricate and involves the interaction and dysregulation of several mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, cytokine signaling, and alteration of the gut microbiota. NAFLD is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis in more than 5% of hepatocytes, evaluated by histological analysis. It can evolve from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver failure. Body weight reduction through lifestyle modification remains the first-line intervention for the management of pediatric NAFLD. Indeed, studies suggest that diets low in fat and sugar and conversely rich in dietary fibers promote the improvement of metabolic parameters. This review aims to evaluate the existing relationship between obesity and NAFLD in the pediatric population and to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional supplementations that can be recommended to prevent and manage obesity and its comorbidities.

Comparison of Consumption of Pulses in Two Seasons of the Year in Chile.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, the consumption of legumes at least two times per week is promoted. However, there is a low consumption of legumes. Therefore, our objective is to describe legume consumption in two different seasonal periods. METHODS: Serial cross-sectional study: surveys were distributed during summer and winter using different digital platforms. Frequency of consumption, purchase access, and preparation type were investigated. RESULTS: In total, 3280 adults were surveyed in summer and 3339 in winter. The mean age was 33 years. Totals of 97.7% and 97.5% of the population reported consuming legumes in both periods; consumption increased to 3 times per week during winter. In both periods, the main reason for their preference is that they are delicious and nutritious, followed by their use as a meat substitute; the main barriers to their consumption in both periods are that they are expensive (29% in summer and 27.8% in winter) and difficult to prepare. CONCLUSION: A good consumption of legumes was observed, but with a higher frequency of consumption during winter, with an intake of ≥1 per day; additionally, differences were found in purchases according to season, although no differences were found in the method of preparation.

Design of Biodegradable Films Using Pecan Nut Cake Extracts for Food Packing.

The excessive consumption of plastic packaging and its consequent disposal and accumulation in the environment have aroused the interest of researchers in developing packaging that can cause less harm to nature. In this sense, this article presents research on the addition of antioxidant extracts from pecan nut cake in biodegradable packaging made with a polymeric mixture of gelatin and corn starch. The films produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thickness, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, water contact angle, optical properties, in vitro bioactive activity, and biodegradability. A higher concentration of total phenolic compounds (101.61 mg GAE/g) was found for the condition where alcohol content and extraction time were 65% and 20 min, respectively. Pecan nut cake (PNC( extracts did not influence the film's tensile strength, and elongation at break was tightly increased by adding 10-20% extracts. The film's characterization pointed to more than 67% solubility, and adding PNC extract implied more hydrophilic surfaces (contact angles lower than 65°). Furthermore, the film opacity showed a linear relation with PNC extract concentration, and a higher luminosity (L*) was observed for the film without extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the films was enhanced with the addition of PNC extracts, and complete biodegradation was observed until the ninth day. Therefore, biodegradable films prepared from a mixture of gelatin starch and enriched with PNC extracts showed excellent mechanical properties and potential as carriers of antioxidant compounds, allowing us to propose their use as active packing.

Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. The pathogenesis of IBS is not completely clear, but it is known to be multifactorial and complex. Endogenous and exogenous factors such as abnormal GI motility, low-grade inflammation, increased epithelial permeability and visceral hypersensitivity, but diet and psychosocial aspects are also recognized as important actors. Furthermore, the interaction between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of IBS. To date, there is no specific diet for IBS with constipation (IBS-C); however, many studies show that fiber intake, especially soluble fiber such as inulin, could have a positive effect on symptoms. This review aims to evaluate the effects of some nutritional components such as fibers but also functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on symptoms and microbiota in IBS-C subjects.

"Nutripiatto": A tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children.

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern linked to metabolic and psychological comorbidities. There is growing evidence that children's lifestyle habits are shifting towards obesity, with dire consequences for their future well-being and healthcare costs. In this interventional study, we enrolled 115 children aged between 4-5 years (53% females and 47% males) and carried out nutrition education interventions to improve their dietary habits. We introduced "Nutripiatto", a visual plate icon and easy guide, which was used by the children during the study. We investigated the children's dietary habits using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study, after one month of using "Nutripiatto". The results showed that the children significantly increased the portion sizes and frequency of vegetable consumption (P<0.001) and reduced the consumption of several junk foods such as French fries and crisps (P<0.001), reaching the recommended dietary allowances and frequency of consumption. Daily consumption of water also significantly increased, reaching the suggested amount of six glasses per day. Based on these results, "Nutripiatto" can be considered an effective visual guide and helpful tool to achieve small changes and empower families to make healthier food choices. It can also be considered an effective educational tool for nutritionists and healthcare professionals to improve children's dietary behavior.

Methods to extract and study the biological effects of murine gut microbiota using Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening host.

Gut microbiota has been established as a main regulator of health. However, how changes in gut microbiota are directly associated with physiological and cellular alterations has been difficult to tackle on a large-scale basis, notably because of the cost and labor-extensive resources required for rigorous experiments in mammals. In the present study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to elucidate microbiota-host interactions. We developed a method to extract gut microbiota (MCB) from murine feces, and tested its potential as food source for and its impact on C. elegans biology compared to the standard bacterial diet Escherichia coli OP50. Although less preferred than OP50, MCB was not avoided but had a lower energy density (triglycerides and glucose). Consistently, MCB-fed worms exhibited smaller body length and size, lower fertility, and lower fat content than OP50-fed worms, but had a longer mean lifespan, which resembles the effects of calorie restriction in mammals. However, these outcomes were altered when bacteria were inactivated, suggesting an important role of symbiosis of MCB beyond nutrient source. Taken together, our findings support the effectiveness of gut MCB processing to test its effects in C. elegans. More work comparing MCB of differently treated mice or humans is required to further validate relevance to mammals before large-scale screening assays.