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1.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 83(6): 441.e1-441.e8, dic. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146529

RESUMO

Nuestro modelo organizativo posibilita la realización anual de 1.000 trasplantes hepáticos, de los cuales el trasplante hepático pediátrico constituye el 5% y proporciona, en niños con hepatopatía grave, progresiva e irreversible, una supervivencia del 90% al año y superior al 80% a los 15 años de seguimiento. La principal indicación es la atresia de vías biliares seguida de hepatopatías metabólicas e insuficiencia hepática aguda, realizándose el 50% de los procedimientos en menores de 2 años y el 25-30% en el primer año de vida. La lista de espera se mantiene en torno a los 35 pacientes, con un promedio de 100 pacientes incluidos anualmente y 60 trasplantados tras un tiempo medio de espera de 136,3 días. La priorización de los candidatos utiliza el PELD como herramienta objetiva de apoyo en la toma de decisiones. No obstante, el progresivo envejecimiento de los donantes, con un perfil cada vez más alejado de los requerimientos de los pacientes infantiles incluidos en lista de espera, precisa impulsar estrategias como el trasplante hepático de donante vivo y la modalidad split, para incrementar las probabilidades de trasplante reduciendo la mortalidad en lista de espera y el tiempo de permanencia en la misma. El trasplante intestinal/multivisceral pediátrico registra una baja indicación pero conlleva unos requisitos que perfilan un donante muy infrecuente en nuestro país, lo que, unido a la ausencia de alternativas que contrarresten el impacto negativo de estas dificultades, lastra las probabilidades de trasplante de estos pacientes


Our organizational model allows an annual 1,000 liver transplants. Pediatric liver transplantation constitutes 5% of such activity and provides, in children with severe, progressive and irreversible liver disease, a 1 year-survival of 90% and more than 80% after 15 years of follow-up. The main indication is biliary atresia followed by metabolic liver disease and acute liver failure. Around half of the procedures are performed in children under two years and 25-30% in the first year of life. The waiting list remains at around 35 patients, with an average of 100 patients enrolled annually and 60 of them finally transplanted after an average of 136.3 days on the waiting list. The prioritization of the candidates uses the PELD as an objective tool for decision-making. However, the progressive aging of donors, with a profile increasingly different from the requirements of the pediatric patients included in the waiting list, requires strategies such as living donor liver transplantation and the split liver transplantation, to increase the probability of transplant while reducing both time and mortality on the waiting list at the same time. Pediatric intestinal transplantation registers a low indication but involves strict requirements that outline a very uncommon donor in our country which, together with the absence of alternatives that outweigh the impact of these difficulties, penalizes the chances of transplant for these patients


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Intestinos/transplante , Hepatopatias/mortalidade , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Qualidade de Vida , Listas de Espera/mortalidade , Atresia Biliar/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/diagnóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Doadores Vivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Am J Transplant ; 12(9): 2465-76, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22703615

RESUMO

Information regarding liver retransplantation in HIV-infected patients is scant. Data from 14 HIV-infected patients retransplanted between 2002 and 2011 in Spain (6% retransplantation rate) were analyzed and compared with those from 157 matched HIV-negative retransplanted patients. In HIV-infected patients, early (≤30 days) retransplantation was more frequently indicated (57% vs. 29%; p = 0.057), and retransplantation for HCV recurrence was less frequently indicated (7% vs. 37%; p = 0.036). Survival probability after retransplantation in HIV-positive patients was lower than in HIV-negative patients, 42% versus 64% at 3 years, although not significantly (p = 0.160). Among HIV-infected patients, those with undetectable HCV RNA at retransplantation and those with late (>30 days) retransplantation showed better 3-year survival probability (80% and 67%, respectively), similar to that in their respective HIV-negative counterparts (72% and 70%). In HIV-infected and HIV-negative patients, 3-year survival probability in those with positive HCV RNA at retransplantation was 22% versus 65% (p = 0.008); in those with early retransplantation, 3-year survival probability was 25% versus 56% (p = 0.282). HIV infection was controlled with antiretroviral therapy after retransplantation. In conclusion, HIV-infected patients taken as a whole have unsatisfactory survival after liver retransplantation, although patients with undetectable HCV RNA at retransplantation or undergoing late retransplantation show a more favorable outcome.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/cirurgia , Hepatite C/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Reoperação , Adulto , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sobrevida
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(2): 75-83, mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89524

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivoEn Colombia faltan datos fiables sobre el comportamiento de la sepsis. Se pretende determinar la prevalencia de los microorganismos en las principales infecciones tratadas en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de nuestro país.MétodosEste es un subestudio de una cohorte prospectiva recolectada en 10 hospitales durante 6 meses. Los criterios de inclusión eran hospitalización en UCI y confirmación de una infección según las definiciones del CDC, considerando tres grupos (comunidad, hospital, UCI) según el sitio de adquisición de la infección.ResultadosSe incluyó en el análisis a 826 pacientes; el 51% contrajeron procesos infecciosos extrahospitalarios; el 5,33%, en el hospital y el 43,7%, en UCI. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron neumonía (29,54%), infección intraabdominal (18,16%) e infección del tracto urinario (11,62%). El microorganismo más frecuente en las infecciones extrahospitalarias fue Escherichia coli —pulmón (16,4%), peritoneo (57,7%), orina (55,5%) y sangre (22,4%)—. En las adquiridas en UCI predomina también E. coli —peritoneo (29,3%) y orina (52,9%)—, excepto en pulmón y sangre, en los que fueron Staphylococcus aureus (32,4%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (15,7%) los más prevalentes. Se tomaron cultivos a 655 pacientes, de los que el 40% recibió antibióticos antes de la toma, sin que esto afectara al porcentaje de positividad (p=0,583).ConclusionesLa neumonía fue la infección más frecuente independientemente del sitio de adquisición. E. coli fue el patógeno más prevalente, excepto en las infecciones pulmonares adquiridas en UCI, donde lo fue S. aureus (AU)


AbstractBackground and objective: Valid and reliable data regarding sepsis is lacking in Colombia. Ouraim was to determine the prevalence of the microorganisms in the main infections treated inIntensive Care Units (ICUs) in our country.Methods: This is a sub-study of a prospective cohort with 10 general hospitals in Colombiaduring a 6-month period. The inclusion criteria were hospitalization in ICU and confirmation ofinfection according to the CDC definitions. Patients were classified into three groups, that is,community, hospital and intensive care, according to the site where the infection was acquired.Results: A total of 826 patients were included in this analysis. Of these, 51% developed infectionsin the community, 5.33% in the hospital and 43.7% in intensive care unit. Overall, themost common diagnoses were pneumonia (29.54%), intra-abdominal infection (18.16%) and urinarytract infection (11.62%). The most frequent germ in community-acquired infections wasE. coli —–lung (16. 4%), peritoneum (57.7%), urine (55.5%), blood (22.4%)—–. E. coli —–peritoneum(29.3%), urine (52.9%)—– also predominated in the ICU-acquired infections, except for lung andblood in which Staphylococcus aureus (32.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.7%) were the mostprevalent. Cultures were requested from 655 patients, 40% of them having received antibioticsbefore cultures were taken, although this did not affected the percentages of positive cultures(P = 0.583).Conclusions: Pneumonia was the main cause of infection regardless of the site of acquisition.E. coli was the most prevalent germ, except in the pulmonary infections acquired in UCI inwhich S. aureus was the most prevalent (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/normas , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Hospitais Gerais/normas , Hospitais Universitários/normas , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 84(2): 85-90, feb. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-59579

RESUMO

Propósito: Mostrar los resultados de la profilaxis de endoftalmitis postquirúrgica (EPQ) tras cirugía de catarata con Cefuroxima intracamerular. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con4.281 ojos intervenidos de catarata de octubre de2003 a septiembre de 2008. Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos con técnica de facoemulsificación. Todos los casos recibieron una inyección de Cefuroxima: 0,1 ml (1 mg) en cámara anterior al finalizar la cirugía, a excepción de los pacientes con alergia a penicilinas y cefalosporinas hasta septiembre de 2007 y después de esta fecha solo aquellos con alergia demostrada a cefuroxima. Resultados: La incidencia de EPQ fue de 0,11% (5casos). Cuatro de ellos fueron cultivo positivo. No se detectó ningún signo clínico de toxicidad ocular. Conclusiones: La profilaxis de EPQ con Cefuroxima intracamerular es muy eficaz para reducir la incidencia de endoftalmitis postoperatoria, parece segura y es fácil de preparar (AU)


Purpose: To present the outcomes of prophylaxisof postoperative endophthalmitis following cataractsurgery with intracameral Cefuroxime.Method: A retrospective study was done on 4281eyes that underwent cataract surgery from October2003 to September 2008. All patients underwentphacoemulsification cataract surgery. All casesreceived an injection of 0.1 ml intracameral Cefuroxime(1 mg) at the end of surgery except thosepatients allergic to penicillin and cephalosporinuntil September 2007 and thereafter only those withdemonstrated allergy to cefuroxime.Results: The rate of postoperative endophthalmitiswas 0.11% (5 cases). Four of them had a positiveculture. We found no evidence of clinical oculartoxicity.Conclusions: Intracameral cefuroxime works verywell for reducing the incidence of postoperativeendophthalmitis. It appears safe to use and is easy toprepare(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/tendências , Endoftalmite/tratamento farmacológico , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Endoftalmite/epidemiologia , Cefuroxima/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Catarata/complicações , Catarata/tratamento farmacológico , Facoemulsificação/métodos , Endoftalmite/cirurgia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/epidemiologia , Penicilinas/efeitos adversos , Cefalosporinas/efeitos adversos , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Facoemulsificação/tendências , Facoemulsificação , Estudos Retrospectivos
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