Climate change will decrease the range size of snake species under negligible protection in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot.

Reptiles are highly susceptible to climate change, responding negatively to thermal and rainfall alterations mainly in relation to their reproductive processes. Based on that, we evaluated the effects of climate change on climatically suitable areas for the occurrence of snakes in the Atlantic Forest hotspot, considering the responses of distinct reproductive groups (oviparous and viviparous). We assessed the species richness and turnover patterns affected by climate change and projected the threat status of each snake species at the end of the century. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the protected areas in safeguarding the species by estimating the mean percentage overlap between snake species distribution and protected areas (PAs) network and by assessing whether such areas will gain or lose species under climate change. Our results showed greater species richness in the eastern-central portion of the Atlantic Forest at present. In general, we evidenced a drastic range contraction of the snake species under climate change. Temporal turnover tends to be high in the western and north-eastern edges of the biome, particularly for oviparous species. Our predictions indicate that 73.6% of oviparous species and 67.6% of viviparous species could lose at least half of their original range by 2080. We also found that existing protected areas of the Atlantic Forest Hotspot have a very limited capacity to safeguard snakes at the current time, maintaining the precarious protection in the future, with the majority of them predicted to lose species at the end of this century. Although oviparous and viviparous snakes have been designated to be dramatically impacted, our study suggests a greater fragility of the former in the face of climate change. We advocated that the creation of new protected areas and/or the redesign of the existing network to harbour regions that maximize the snake species occupancy in the face of future warming scenarios are crucial measures for the conservation of this group.

Influence of an artificial dam on the fish assemblage of a Neotropical stream / Influência de um reservatório artificial na assembleia de peixes de um riacho Neotropical

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a dam on the ecological parameters of the fish assemblages of a stream of second order of the upper Paraná River basin, southern Brazil. Samplings of abiotic data and ichthyofauna occurred quarterly between September 2012 and June 2013. Were collected 3,128 individuals in six orders, eight families and 13 species. The Cluster analysis (Jaccard) based on species composition indicated the separation of the sampling units into two groups, demonstrating the dissimilarity between upstream and downstream units. The artificial dam was characterized as a discontinuity factor for diversity patterns and ecological processes related to biota. Thus, this study has indications that the creation of dams can significantly affect the richness and abundance of fish species of small lotic systems, as streams, by modifying their environments.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de uma barragem sobre os parâmetros ecológicos das assembleias de peixes presentes em um riacho de segunda ordem da bacia do Alto rio Paraná, sul do Brasil. As amostragens dos dados abióticos e da ictiofauna ocorreram trimestralmente entre o período de setembro de 2012 e junho de 2013. Foram coletados 3.128 indivíduos distribuídos em seis ordens, oito famílias e 13 espécies. A análise de agrupamento com base no índice de Jaccard indicou a separação dos pontos em dois grupos com relação à composição de espécies, demonstrando distinção entre os pontos à montante e à jusante da barragem artificial. A barragem artificial se caracterizou como um fator de descontinuidade para os padrões de diversidade e para os processos ecológicos relacionados à biota. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho possui indicativos de que a criação de barragens, mesmo que para a formação de pequenas represas ou açudes, pode afetar de forma significativa a riqueza e abundância das espécies de peixes de pequenos sistemas lóticos, como riachos, por meio da modificação de seus ambientes.