Efficacy of Bromhexine versus Standard of Care in Reducing Viral Load in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Disease Attended in Primary Care: A Randomized Open-Label Trial.

A 28-day randomized open-label multicenter study was conducted to assess the efficacy of bromhexine plus standard of care (SOC) (n = 98) vs. SOC alone (n = 93) in 191 outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the primary health care setting. Bromhexine three daily doses of 10 mL (48 mg/day) were administered for seven days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction of viral load estimated as the cycle thresholds (Ct) to detect ORF1ab, N Protein, and S Protein genes by RT-qPCR in saliva samples on day 4 as compared with baseline. Ct values of the three genes increased from baseline throughout days 4 to 14 (p < 0.001) but significant differences between the study groups were not found. Differences in the percentages of patients with low, medium, and high viral loads at 4, 7, and 14 days were not found either. In summary, treatment with bromhexine plus SCO was associated with a viral load reduction of ORF1ab, N Protein, and S Protein genes at day 4, which was not significantly different than similar viral load reductions observed with SOC alone. The present findings do not seem to favor the use of bromhexine as an antiviral in patients with COVID-19.

Prevalencia y riesgo de progresión de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos seguidos en atención primaria en la Comunidad de Madrid / Prevalence and risk of progression of chronic kidney disease in diabetics and hypertensive patients followed in primary care in Madrid

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Prevalencia de diabetes en una población adulta de Madrid (España). Estudio MADRIC (MADrid RIesgo Cardiovascular) / Prevalence of diabetes in an adult population in the region of Madrid (Spain). The Madrid Cardiovascular Risk study

Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y de glucemia basal alterada en una población adulta de Madrid. Métodos Estudio transversal de base poblacional. Incluyó 1344 adultos (31-70 años de edad), seleccionados aleatoriamente del censo de usuarios de 14 centros de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se realizaron las siguientes determinaciones: cuestionario clínico, exploración física y análisis de sangre basal (glucemia, triglicéridos y colesterol). Se consideraron diabéticos aquellos previamente diagnosticados por su médico, así como los que presentaron una glucemia basal ≥ 126mg/dl en ausencia de un diagnóstico previo de diabetes. Con una glucemia entre 100 y 125mg/dl en ausencia de diabetes se clasificaron como glucemia basal alterada. Resultados Las prevalencias de diabetes y de glucemia basal alterada, ajustadas por edad y sexo, fueron del 6,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 5,9-8,7) y del 14,1% (IC95%: 12,1-15,8), respectivamente. Un 17,2% [IC95%: 10,9-23,5] de los diabéticos detectados no habían sido diagnosticado previamente de esta enfermedad. Los factores asociados de modo independiente con la diabetes fueron la edad, el sexo masculino, la presencia de obesidad abdominal y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones En nuestra población de Madrid, la prevalencia de diabetes es similar a la de otras regiones españolas. Es destacable el alto porcentaje de sujetos con una glucemia basal alterada, lo cual, asociado a la obesidad, conlleva un alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes en el futuro (AU)

Objective To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia in an adult population living in Madrid (Spain).Methods In this cross-sectional, population-based survey, we studied 1,344 adults aged 31-70 years, randomly selected from the population living in 14 primary care districts of the Madrid region. All participants underwent a clinical evaluation that included a clinical interview, physical examination and fasting blood analysis (glycemia, cholesterol and triglyceride levels). The participants were considered to be diabetic if they had been previously diagnosed with diabetes by their general physician or had a fasting glycemia ≥ 126mg/dl without a previous diabetes diagnosis. Impaired fasting glycemia was defined as fasting glycemia between 100mg/dl and 125mg/dl in non-diabetic participants. ResultsThe sex- and age-adjusted prevalence figures for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose were 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9-8.7) and 14.1% (95% CI: 12.1-15.8), respectively. A substantial proportion of diabetic patients [17.2% (95% CI: 10.9-23.5)] had not been previously diagnosed. The variables independently associated with diabetes were age, male gender, abdominal obesity and hypertension. Conclusions Our prevalence figure for diabetes is similar to those reported in other Spanish regions. The high frequency of impaired fasting glucose is worrisome, particularly when combined with obesity, as this association confers a high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (AU)

[Prevalence of diabetes in an adult population in the region of Madrid (Spain). The Madrid Cardiovascular Risk study]. / Prevalencia de diabetes en una población adulta de Madrid (España). Estudio MADRIC (MADrid RIesgo Cardiovascular).

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia in an adult population living in Madrid (Spain). METHODS: In this cross-sectional, population-based survey, we studied 1,344 adults aged 31-70 years, randomly selected from the population living in 14 primary care districts of the Madrid region. All participants underwent a clinical evaluation that included a clinical interview, physical examination and fasting blood analysis (glycemia, cholesterol and triglyceride levels). The participants were considered to be diabetic if they had been previously diagnosed with diabetes by their general physician or had a fasting glycemia ≥ 126 mg/dl without a previous diabetes diagnosis. Impaired fasting glycemia was defined as fasting glycemia between 100mg/dl and 125 mg/dl in non-diabetic participants. RESULTS: The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence figures for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose were 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9-8.7) and 14.1% (95% CI: 12.1-15.8), respectively. A substantial proportion of diabetic patients [17.2% (95% CI: 10.9-23.5)] had not been previously diagnosed. The variables independently associated with diabetes were age, male gender, abdominal obesity and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Our prevalence figure for diabetes is similar to those reported in other Spanish regions. The high frequency of impaired fasting glucose is worrisome, particularly when combined with obesity, as this association confers a high risk for developing diabetes mellitus.